ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY is an ancient art form passed down by the most dedicated calligraphers for centuries with its beautiful curves, angles and fine artistic compounds. All forms of Arabic script were the results of dedicated individuals who wanted nothing more than to present the beauty of the Holy Qur’an’s chapters in the written form using different styles created over time. It’s no question that the beauty of all words lay in the forms they’re presented in, from modern calligraffiti to ancient thuluth. Not only has calligraphy been used for the Holy Qur’an, it was used in architecture, decoration, coin design and various other purposes in different periods and locations of the expansive Islamic Empire. It’s no surprise that calligraphy is used on many structures we see today, some dating back to hundreds of years and in the age of technology, calligraphy is still used today as it would be hundreds of years ago.
Calligraphy isn’t a normal art form that is used by a majority or artists, it’s a special kind of art form, private, sacred, exceptional and only those who are sincerely observant, dedicated and willing are able to understand the hidden treasures behind learning the art of calligraphy. Some might say that thuluth is one of the most beautiful types of all Arabic and Islamic calligraphy, the beautiful curved letters by a single reed pen might look like it’s an easy task to perform but it’s more than simple strokes of the reed. Ahmad Jeddawi is a calligrapher in practice, a scribe if you may, whose love for calligraphy goes back to his school days. “I had a good environment surrounding me in school, you’d find me participating in any extracurricular activities related to calligraphy, my teachers were supportive, and so were my friends, I felt that I was able to show my work through the different projects they’d ask me to join. It was then that I found that I can and wanted to continue learning more about calligraphy, it wasn’t easy, but I wanted to grow more through it,” says Jeddawi.
On the process of learning, Ahmad explains that learning the basics takes practice, practice and more practice.
Time is an essential part of each learning process and as a young architect; it’s the way he makes time for it is what is interesting. Just as young Ahmad started to search for his path in life, calligraphy is what lead him to choose his career path and prosper in it at such a young age. It takes a lot of creativity, innovative ideas, practiced lines and precise design to be able to make time for both and as a student his educational path ever so often trumped his love for calligraphy.
“To become a certified calligrapher, you have to always be under the teachings of a calligraphy master. I need to follow up on my progress periodically, correct mistakes made, explain the rules and boundaries of which I can’t stray too far from and help in finding the peace of mind needed to advance myself in Thuluth calligraphy. I had an amazing teacher, a maser in this field, but due to studies at KFUPM in the Eastern Province, I found myself alone and unable to continue with my master, but that still didn’t keep me away. Calligraphy helped me find the 'architect' in me.”
Although without the masterful eye of his teacher, he never let his passion deflate or overcome by an external factor, he did the opposite, and he combined both to excel in both. Combining his trained and practiced concentrated strokes with the straight angular lines of his projects, Ahmad found a way to not only combine two passions, but to effectively bring them to modern times.
He explains that as much as both fields might seem different, they’re actually very much alike. The measurements of the Arabic letters and the guide to proportions follow the same guidelines adopted to regulate the dimensions, proportions or construction of the parts of a building; the core understanding of each field follows the same guiding principles even when each can’t be further apart from one another. From an artistic point of view, science when applied in a balanced format is a form of art in its own way.
As difficult as it may seem, Jeddawi’s artistic eye helped him expand his conception of calligraphy using the skills he learned to become an architect. “Calligraphy is a dedicated field, the level of concentration is evident when a calligrapher succeeds in hand-eye coordination, a level of sensitivity required for that perfect stroke of the pen,” explains Ahmad. “There’s a saying in Arabic that translates to explaining of how one can decipher the secrets to calligraphy depending on himself after requesting the assistance of the Almighty in order to reach precision except for the fact that the need of a teaching master is dire in order to continue practicing and reaching that level of precision. Having been away from my master might’ve helped with the self-teaching, I still need a master to receive my ijazah (license) and become a master myself.”
Thuluth holds a special place in Ahmad Jeddawi’s art form, he is able to see the beauty of thuluth calligraphy in building structures not many notice, such as the Mihrab, the semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla as an example. Ahmad told of how thuluth is one type of khat that is not only significant but one of the most widely used in the Islamic world for its clear structure, readability and use of architectural decorations bringing more emphasis to the beauty of the written word.
“I don’t simply want to be a calligrapher; I want to see where it would take me. I want my calligraphy sketches to fill in the spaces in my architectural designs and have it as an important pillar of any interior design I am able to produce. I strive to reach a level where my preserved compositions are on display, to display the beauty of thuluth and be a teaching tool for any starting calligrapher. Calligraphy is the geometry of the spirit, a religious experience rather than esthetic.”
Be sure to follow on more of Ahmad Jeddawi’s journey into the world of calligraphy as he strives to combine his two passions on his Instagram page. Whoever said the written word is boring clearly has never seen a calligrapher at work.
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Email: life.style@arabnews.com
The mindset behind thuluth calligraphy
The mindset behind thuluth calligraphy
Highlights from Art Week Riyadh: Selected works by some of the Saudi artists participating in the inaugural edition
RIYADH: Selected works by some of the Saudi artists participating in the inaugural edition of Art Week Riyadh, which begins April 6.
Maha Malluh
‘X-Rayed 1’
The Najd-born artist is one of the most significant figures in the Kingdom’s contemporary scene. Several of her works will be on show at AWR. This one comes from her “X-Rayed” series, in which Malluh used images from an actual x-ray scanner of an actual passenger’s luggage, as would be seen at airport security when possessions are “being targeted and scrutinized,” the artist has written. “What makes these images even more peculiar is that the suitcases contain cassettes (labeled in Arabic) that are linked to dogmatic interpretations of Islamic practice,” she continued. “It is these ideas, when exported, which have led to several social evils, including the export of extreme thinking and rigid philosophy.” Like many of Malluh’s other series, “X-Rayed” examines “my own culture and its transformation from tradition to modernity.”
Lulwah Al-Homoud
From ‘The Language of Existence’
This work forms part of the influential Riyadh-born artist and calligrapher’s “The Language of Existence” series, in which she presented interpretations of the myriad Arabic names of Allah. According to her gallery, it “reimagines language as a universal visual system, transcending conventional meaning to create a new form of communication.” Al-Homoud created this ‘language’ by “deconstructing the letters of the Arabic language by using mathematical squares to compose new codes for each letter. With these codes, I inscribe the 99 names of God,” she has written. “The first step towards enlightenment is to search for the inner. It is this inner truth that leads to the light of knowledge. My art is concerned with the inner veracity of everything. It is a deep look at creation and its hidden rules that led me to the truth of existence…”
Ahmed Mater
‘Hulm’ (Dream)
In his 2011 work “Cowboy Code II,” Ahmed Mater used plastic gun powder caps glued onto a wooden board to spell out, in English, the various ‘rules’ he had imagined. In this more recent work, Mater uses the same technique to present the Arabic word hulm, which translates to ‘dream.’ Whether that’s an instruction, a comment on what visitors to Riyadh can experience, or an explanation of his inspiration for the piece is unclear, but it’s one of a number of similar works the 45-year-old Tabuk native — arguably the most influential Saudi contemporary artist — will be presenting at AWR (others include “Hurriya” (Freedom) and “Salam” (Peace)).
Manal AlDowayan
‘Totem 1 (Dearest Women)’
The prolific Dhahran-born artist represented the Kingdom at the Venice Biennale last year (with “Shifting Sands: A Battle Song) and, unsurprisingly, is participating in perhaps the most significant arts event yet to take place in the Kingdom. Among several of her works on display at AWR is this piece from 2018, which AlDowayan has described as “an attempt at creating a permanent memorial of a fragmented moment.”
She continued: “I look at the symbols used on the covers of books written by the religious men to address women and their bodies. I attempt to reform the symbols into new representations so that the invisible becomes visible.” The work is not, she stressed, “an attempt to critique or analyze history, but more of a totem of healing to help resolve the past in order to engage with the present, and time in general.”
Bashaer Hawsawi
‘Warm Space 1’
Much of the Jeddah-based visual artist’s practice revolves around found objects and mixed media, exploring, according to theartists.net “notions of cultural identity, cleansing, belonging and nostalgia.” Cleansing is the focus of this piece, which — like several other works by Hawsawi — uses the red-bristled broom heads familiar to anyone living in the Gulf and indicative of the remembered daily routines from which Hawsawi draws inspiration for much of her work. Cleansing also carries a spiritual symbolism — the purification of the self — that features regularly in Hawsawi’s work.
‘Theater Tour’ initiative celebrates local culture across Saudi Arabia
- Award-winning play ‘Bahr’ debuts in Baha, with performances in Jubail, Dammam, Al-Ahsa to follow
- New project boosts local theater, community engagement and cultural awareness nationwide
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s Theater and Performing Arts Commission launched the “Theater Tour” initiative on Thursday to bring exceptional theatrical performances to cities, governorates and villages across the Kingdom.
The project aims to promote the cultural and performing arts scene while encouraging community engagement, the Saudi Press Agency reported.
The first phase begins with the play “Bahr” (Sea), running from April 3 to May 3, the SPA added.
The production will debut in Baha from April 3-5 at the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Theater in the Cultural Center, before moving to Jubail from April 17-19 at the Royal Commission’s Conference Hall in Al-Fanateer.
It will then continue in Dammam from April 24-26 at the Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University Theater, and conclude in Al-Ahsa from May 1-3 at the Society for Culture and Arts’ Theater.
The project is part of the commission’s broader efforts to raise awareness of the theater and performing arts sector, while ensuring that cultural services are accessible in underserved areas and to marginalized communities, according to the SPA.
It also aims to support local theater groups, boost theatrical production and strengthen the cultural sector’s contribution to the national gross domestic product.
Additionally, the initiative fosters investment opportunities and serves as a platform for discovering and nurturing emerging talent, the SPA reported.
The play “Bahr,” written by Abdulrahman Al-Marikhi and directed by Sultan Al-Nawa, has received critical acclaim, winning several prestigious awards, including for best actor, best script, and best overall production at the inaugural Riyadh Theater Festival, as well as best musical effects and best director at the 19th Gulf Theater Festival.
Art Week Riyadh: A ‘constellation of events’ that ‘pushes the boundaries’
- Curatorial team discuss the aims and intentions behind inaugural edition of AWR
RIYADH: The inaugural Art Week Riyadh begins April 6 in the Kingdom’s capital. A non-commercial initiative, AWR builds on the city’s already thriving art community while inviting international artists and art lovers to join in.
Princess Adwaa bint Yazeed bin Abdullah, head of Art Week Riyadh, explained the event’s inspirations and goals in a statement, writing: “Art Week Riyadh is born from a belief in the power of art to inspire, challenge, and connect us. Riyadh has long been a city of growth, and through this platform we hope to contribute to its cultural future — one that is open, dynamic and deeply rooted in both heritage and innovation.”
Curator Vittoria Mataresse heads a team including associate curators Basma Harasani and Victoria Gandit-Lelandais and public program curator Shumon Basar who have worked tirelessly across multiple time zones over several months to bring the event to life.
“It was very important for us to be playful and not have the kind of rigid structure or format we’re used to seeing. Art Week Riyadh sits in between an exhibition and an art fair. It’s really a constellation of events,” Matarrese tells Arab News. “Unlike major art events that often impose universal themes and rely on globally established artists, we wanted to work within the frame of a regional art ecosystem, embracing the textures, the urgencies, the sensibilities of the Arabian Peninsula. We are trying to retrace something which is very specific and, in this way, we propose a critical departure (from the normal) format.”
The theme of AWR’s inaugural edition is “At the Edge” and the event brings together more than 45 galleries from the Kingdom, the wider Arab world, and beyond. There are three main sub-themes: “Everyday Life,” “Landscapes,” and “Motifs.”
JAX District in Diriyah will host three major exhibitions offering an expansive insight into Saudi Arabia’s cultural identity. A number of established Saudi artists whose studios are based in JAX will also be opening their doors to the public. Meanwhile, in central Riyadh, more than 15 galleries housed in the Al-Mousa Center will present exhibitions, and a wider program across the city will feature several talks and collaborations.
Gandit-Lelandais, who has worked in the region for more than two decades focusing on contemporary Arab art, tells Arab News: “Art Week Riyadh really is different, because the market and the ecosystem is different. I think it’s about making people stop implementing the European and American formats into different places because they don’t have to fit — the format can be adapted.”
The team have designed the event as “an umbrella for everyone to gather under,” Gandit-Lelandais says. “It is inclusive and it’s meant to be niche — it is for the public, and for the art enthusiasts and for the collectors.
“With Riyadh growing so fast, the kind of dialogues that we have built are so important to bring people here, but not with a Western look at how art should be,” she adds.
Harasani, the lone Saudi in the curatorial team, tells Arab News: “I’m really excited to link our local artists and our local scene (with the world). I think an educational foundation is super-exciting and super-necessary at this time for artists, art practitioners, young collectors and everyone that comes under that umbrella. We wanted to allow these generations of artists from Saudi Arabia to narrate themselves, beyond the usual framework.”
While none of the curators live in Riyadh, they all offer a nuanced and sensitive take on the capital.
“I’ve been working in Riyadh so much that it does feel like a second home,” Harasani says. “Riyadh is culturally different from Jeddah, where I’m from, and it was interesting to delve into the art scene. I thought it would be similar to the Hajazi scene, but it’s completely different. It was a massive learning experience for me to see that — given that we’re all from Saudi — there are so many different ways of working, ways of producing, ways of communicating.”
Riyadh’s rapid expansion, both physically and culturally, over the past decade contributes to the richness and diversity on show at AWR, the curators say.
“That’s the beauty of the Middle East, 10 years here is 100 years elsewhere,” Matarrese says. “I think what’s really smart about what Saudi is doing right now is they’ve learned from other people’s mistakes and they’re looking at how to navigate this in a better way.
“There’s one thing that is important in the DNA of what we are doing,” she continues. “Our visitors are not going to know what to expect. We really pushed the boundaries of what this could be showing; we are trying to deconstruct the conventional display models, to experiment with something else and re-articulate the dialogue between the different parts of the art world.”
For Harasani, the event is another marker of the artistic progress that has been made in the Kingdom in recent years.
“This did not exist when I was growing up,” she says. “The fact that we can see our dreams come to fruition now — and (see) bigger projects like Art Week Riyadh — I feel very lucky and privileged to be a part of that.”
New York Arab Festival returns with diverse lineup
- The New York-based dance music collective showcases beats from the Arab, Asian, and Pan-African diasporas
DUBAI: The fourth edition of the New York Arab Festival (NYAF) runs from April 1- May 30, with headlining acts including DJ duo Haza Party.
The New York-based dance music collective showcases beats from the Arab, Asian, and Pan-African diasporas. The festival will play host to a special version of the collective’s signature “Haza Souk” event, featuring a lineup of DJ sets, merchandise outlets and food.
On April 8, Palestinian poet Ahmad Almallah will present his latest book “Wrong Winds” while April 13 will see Palestinian rockstar, singer and songwriter Rasha Nahas perform at Brooklyn Art Haus.
A double bill dedicated to the centennial of dancer Samia Gamal will take place at the Jalopy Theatre on April 16, with New York based choreographers and dancers Angie Assal and Soumaya MaRose celebrating the history of the late Egyptian choreographer.
Meanwhile, the NYAF Arab Shorts Film Program at the Bartos Screening will feature the work of filmmakers including Alia Haju and Khaled Jarrar.
From May 1-4, NYAF will collaborate with experimental theater club La MaMa ETC for a “festival within a festival” celebrating Arab artists in four multidisciplinary “happenings” featuring spoken word performances based on texts by the late poets Etel Adnan and Joyce Mansour, dance, music and multimedia visuals. Performers include Andrew Riad, Nadia Khyrallah, Sarah Brahim, and Amr Kotb, among others.
On May 14, Lebanese American singer-songwriter H.Sinno’s “Poems of Consumption” — which turns Amazon customer reviews into pop songs — will be presented.
NYAF was established in 2022 to commemorate Arab American Heritage Month and “fight the erasure of Arab and Arab American identities from NYC, a place Arabs have called home for over three centuries,” the festival said in a released statement.
Maja-Ajmia Zellama tackles cultural identity and grief in ‘Têtes Brûlées’
- The Belgian-Tunisian director discusses her Saudi-backed debut feature
RIYADH: Belgian-Tunisian-Danish filmmaker Maja-Ajmia Zellama’s debut feature “Têtes Brûlées” (‘Hotheads’) received two special mentions at last month’s Berlin International Film Festival.
The film, which was backed by Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea Fund, has been praised for its depiction of a universal story through a singular lens. Zellama wrote and directed the movie, which follows the story of Eya (played by Safa Gharbaoui), a 12-year-old girl growing up in a Tunisian-Muslim family in Brussels, whose life revolves around her beloved 25-year-old brother Younès and his friends. Following Younès’ sudden and unexpected death, Zellama takes viewers through the culture, customs, resilience, and solidarity of this tight-knit community through the family’s mourning period.
“I didn’t expect so many compliments about the film from people who are not Muslims or not from immigrant backgrounds,” Zellama told Arab News. “I spoke a lot with a teenager from Germany, and I understood at that moment how grief is so universal. There are other people who say, ‘Oh yes, I’m learning a new thing about a new culture and new religions.’”
Zellama also expressed her appreciation for the Red Sea Fund’s support of a “multicultural” story. “For me, it was a major recognition to have this help and support from a Muslim country. It helped me to make this kind of film, and I’m also very curious about working more with Middle Eastern countries,” she said.
The film tackles aspects of identity, the Arab diaspora, collective grieving, religion, cultural customs, and commentary on street crimes. Largely set in the family house, constantly filled with people after Younès’ tragic death, one of the director’s goals was to show the contrasting comfort and simplicity of immigrants’ family lives compared to their lives outside of their homes.
“For me, the most complicated part of identity and immigration is systemic racism,” Zellama said. “It’s oppression in the society. But in the home, it’s not always so complicated. There are nuances; it’s complex, but in a positive way.”
Zellama’s own life was a major inspiration for the film. Her father is Tunisian and her mother Danish. She was born and raised in Belgium around a large Tunisian community. Her household was home to two religions and three languages. “The question of identity has been present all my life, of course, as a mixed kid, but also as a person of the diaspora,” she explained.
And Zellama’s experience of losing a much-loved family member was central to the narrative. “When I was grieving with my family, it was the most difficult time in my life. But it was also one of the moments in my life when I felt the most love and solidarity, because we were surrounded by so many people who were (making us) dinner, going to the grocery, giving money,” she said. “So, for me, yes, there is the grief that we had in our family, but also — and most of all — the love.”
The film explores spirituality in a nuanced and open way, particularly in its funeral and burial scenes, inspired by Zellama’s own journey with faith. She was keen to have Eya find a kind of forbearance through religion while also providing representation and an alternate, more complex, portrayal of Islam in countries outside the Middle East.
“Muslims are very different, and each person practices religion in a different way,” Zellama said. “She finds this way, and she’s good with it.”
And the film has proven to cross cultural and religious boundaries, with viewers from other faiths and backgrounds connecting to its central themes.
“Just to hear the Qur’an, (even if) you don’t understand it, you can feel something,” she said. “You don’t know what it is, but you can feel something. When you see her praying, you can imagine. And, for me, that’s enough.”
The character of Eya is key to the film’s success: she’s mature, but also playful; she’s creative, clever, defiant, and works to break stereotypes throughout the film. One of the most affecting, and effective, scenes is when she breaks away from the group of mourning women to help bury her brother alongside the men.
“I wanted to have a character who grows up in a lovely family who give space for this young girl to be what she wants,” Zellama said. “She doesn’t (think to) herself, ‘Oh, this is a boy thing or a girl thing.’ No, she’s doing what she wants to do at this moment.
“She’s very impulsive, and the impulsivity was also an important thing in the character of Eya,” she continued. “She looks like so many Muslim women and children I see around me. So, this was not me making a ‘statement.’ It was more me thinking that there are so many strong little girls around me, and I wanted to have a character like that.”
