LONDON: Journalists from the UK and US must do more to recognize the diversity between nations in the Middle East, according to a new book edited by a London-based academic.
Dr. Zahera Harb, a senior lecturer at the City, University of London, said news organizations in the West can present negative and simplistic views of Islam and the Arab world, despite there being more than a billion Muslims worldwide and more than 350 million Arabs spread across multiple countries.
Dr. Harb told Arab News: “Some Anglo-American journalists apply their own prejudice and stereotypes of Islam, Muslims and Arabs to their reporting … Some seem to have the tendency to apply their preconceived perceptions on the region and its people without any effort to question them. Discourses matter; blanket labeling and generalization lead to the rise of (a) phenomenon like Islamophobia, which recent incidents in London show (is) indeed on the rise.
“Some of the reporting (on the Middle East) reflects ignorance on behalf of the journalist (and a reluctance to learn) basic knowledge of the cultural sensitivities and complexities of the region. The one-model-fit-for-all approach has misinformed (rather) than informed readers in the West.”
In “Reporting the Middle East: The Practice of News in the Twenty-First Century,” the book edited by Dr. Harb, authors including journalism academic Dr. James Rodgers recommend a country-by-country approach to (the) analysis of the region.
The book provides a detailed analysis of the complexities of reporting from the Middle East and how the media represents the region. Each chapter provides an overview of a country, including the political context, relationships to international politics and key elements relating to the place, as covered by the Western media.
Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Palestine, Turkey and Iran are among the countries that come under focus, with chapters written predominantly by writers and scholars of Arab origin.
Dr. Harb said of the book: “Journalist readers will have the opportunity to compare practice and think more deeply about it, with the aid of these ideas. Media academics and students interested in the Middle East will add to their bodies of knowledge about the issues, but with the addition of the fine-grained and vivid detail that only eyewitness reporting can bring.”
The authors explore how media can be used to serve particular political agendas on both a regional and international level. They also consider the changes to the media landscape following the growth of digital and social media, showing how access to the media is no longer restricted to state or elite actors.
Western media ‘need to recognize Mideast differences’
Western media ‘need to recognize Mideast differences’
Syria’s new information minister promises free press
- Syria’s ruling Baath party and the Assad family dynasty heavily curtailed all aspects of daily life, including freedom of the press
- Reporters Without Borders, a freedom of information watchdog, ranked Syria second-last on its 2024 World Press Freedom Index
Damascus: Syria’s minister of information in the country’s transitional government told AFP he is working toward a free press and committed to “freedom of expression,” after decades of tight control under the country’s former rulers.
“We are working to consolidate freedoms of the press and expression that were severely restricted” in areas controlled by the former government of Bashar Assad, said the minister, Mohamed Al-Omar, after Islamist-led rebels on December 8 ended more than five decades of rule by the Assad clan.
Syria’s ruling Baath party and the Assad family dynasty heavily curtailed all aspects of daily life, including freedom of the press and expression with the media a tool of those in power.
Reporters Without Borders, a freedom of information watchdog, ranked Syria second-last on its 2024 World Press Freedom Index, ahead only of Eritrea and behind Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.
“There was a heavy restriction on freedom of the press and expression under the regime which practiced censorship. In the period to come we are working on the reconstruction of a media landscape that is free, objective and professional,” Omar said during an interview with AFP on Tuesday.
He is part of the interim administration installed in Damascus by the victorious rebel coalition led by Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham.
The group has its origins in the Syrian branch of the jihadist group Al-Qaeda and is designated a terrorist organization by numerous governments, but has sought to soften its image in recent years.
Diplomats from around the region and from the West have made contact with Syria’s new rulers, who have also vowed to protect the country’s religious and ethnic minorities.
Omar was previously minister of information in the self-proclaimed Salvation Government, the civil administration set up in 2017 by HTS in the rebel holdout of Idlib province, in Syria’s northwest. It was from Idlib that the rebels began their lightning advance toward Damascus, 13 years into the country’s civil war.
After the conflict erupted in 2011 with the government’s brutal repression of pro-democracy protests, Assad tightened restrictions on independent journalism.
“We don’t want to continue in the same way, that is, have an official media whose aim is to polish the image of the ruling power,” Omar said.
Following Assad’s overthrow and flight to Moscow, Syrian media outlets which had trumpeted his regime’s glories quickly adopted a revolutionary fervor.
On Tuesday Omar held an exchange with dozens of Syrian journalists to discuss the transition.
2024 ends with 122 journalists killed worldwide: IFJ report
- Middle East topped ranking as most dangerous region for journalists with 77 killed
LONDON: The year 2024 has been one of the deadliest for journalists in recent history, with 122 media workers killed worldwide, the International Federation of Journalists revealed on Tuesday.
The Brussels-based organization described the year as “one of the deadliest” for the profession, with an average of one journalist killed every three days.
“Our thoughts are with the families and friends of 122 media professionals killed this year. Behind this high figure, there are 122 truncated stories,” said IFJ General Secretary Anthony Bellanger.
The IFJ, the world’s largest union of journalists’ trade unions, reiterated its call for stronger protections for media workers and accountability for their killers
“To guarantee that the deaths of journalists do not go unpunished and to put an end to this scourge once and for all, we urge UN member states to take steps to ensure the adoption of a binding convention on the safety of journalists,” added Belanger.
The report, initially published on Dec. 10 but updated to reflect deaths in the final weeks of the year, highlighted the Middle East and Arab world as the most dangerous region, with 77 media professionals killed in 2024.
This figure, representing over 63 percent of the global total, was driven by conflicts in Gaza and Lebanon, where 71 journalists lost their lives.
The Asia-Pacific region ranked second, with 22 killings, concentrated in Pakistan (seven), Bangladesh (five), and Myanmar, where the military junta has continued to target journalists.
In Africa, 10 journalists were killed, with Sudan bearing the brunt amid a civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces that has raged since April 2023, claiming six media professionals’ lives.
The Americas and Europe recorded nine and four journalist killings, respectively, with deadly incidents reported in war zones such as Ukraine and Haiti. In Haiti, two journalists were recently killed when gunmen opened fire at a press conference to announce the reopening of the country’s largest public hospital.
The IFJ also reported a sharp rise in the number of imprisoned journalists, with 516 media workers detained globally as of Dec. 31, up from 427 in 2023 and 375 in 2022. China and Israel led the list of countries with the highest number of incarcerated journalists.
Meanwhile, a December report by Reporters Without Borders found that 55 journalists remain held hostage, primarily in Syria and Yemen, and 95 are missing.
Journalist killed in West Bank during Palestinian Authority raid
- Family of slain Jenin-based journalist Shatha Al-Sabbagh accuses PA of a ‘repressive campaign against its own people’
- Al-Sabbagh is 10th journalist killed in Gaza and West Bank in past two weeks
LONDON: A 21-year-old journalist was killed in the West Bank on Sunday, with her family saying Palestinian Authority security forces were responsible for her death.
Shatha Al-Sabbagh died from gunshot wounds to the head near her home in the Jenin refugee camp, according to Jenin Governmental Hospital.
Her death brings the number of journalists killed in Gaza and the West Bank in the past two weeks to 10.
In a statement, Al-Sabbagh’s family said: “We hold the Palestinian Authority and its security services directly responsible for this crime.
“This dangerous escalation shows that these agencies have become repressive tools practicing terrorism against their people, instead of protecting their dignity and confronting the Israeli occupation,” the family added.
The PA has been accused of a brutal crackdown on anti-Israel armed groups in Jenin and other areas since early December.
The authority said the campaign is part of a broader effort to “pursue criminals” and prevent areas like Jenin from becoming battlegrounds similar to Gaza.
At least six West Bank residents and five PA security officers were reportedly killed during clashes in these operations.
Palestinian security forces spokesman Anwar Rajab denied the accusations, attributing Al-Sabbagh’s death to “outlaws” in the camp.
He said that preliminary investigations and eyewitness testimonies indicated no PA security forces were present at the scene, a claim rejected by the family and residents of the Mahyoub neighborhood in Jenin.
The Palestinian Journalists Syndicate has called for an independent investigation into Al-Sabbagh’s killing, urging the inclusion of a syndicate representative to ensure transparency and accountability.
Criticism of the PA’s campaign has also come from factions such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad, who accuse the authority of targeting resistance fighters in Jenin.
Some experts said that the PA is trying to impose its dominance over the region and demonstrate its ability to govern and manage internal security in postwar Gaza.
Local reports suggest the PA also stopped Qatar-based Al Jazeera’s operations in several West Bank cities, including Jenin and Tubas, earlier this month.
Al Jazeera condemned what it described as an “incitement campaign” by the PA’s ruling Fatah party against the network and its journalists.
Tensions throughout the West Bank remain high, exacerbated by Israel’s ongoing war on Gaza, which has killed nearly 44,500 people, the majority of them women and children.
The year has been especially deadly for media workers in Palestine. At least 60 journalists were killed in 2024, most of them by Israeli forces.
On Friday, five media workers were killed in Gaza in an Israeli strike on their vehicle, which was clearly marked with the word “Press.”
Earlier in December, Israeli airstrikes killed four other journalists in separate incidents on Dec. 14 and 15.
Iran confirms arrest of Italian journalist Cecilia Sala
DUBAI: Iran confirmed the arrest of Italian journalist Cecilia Sala for “violating the laws of the Islamic Republic,” Iran’s official IRNA news agency reported on Monday.
Sala, 29, who works for the newspaper Il Foglio and the podcast company Chora Media, was detained in Tehran on Dec. 19, according to the Italian foreign ministry.
Italy’s Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani on Saturday declined to say whether the case might be linked to the arrest of an Iranian in Italy this month at the request of the United Sttates.
The case of the Italian journalist being held in Iran is “complicated,” but Rome hopes to bring Sala home quickly, Tajani
said.
“Italian national Cecilia Sala traveled to Iran on Dec. 13 with a journalist visa and was detained on Dec. 19... for violating the laws of the Islamic Republic,” a statement by Iran’s Culture Ministry said, according to IRNA.
Chora Media said Sala had left Rome for Iran on Dec. 12 with a valid journalist visa and had conducted several interviews and produced three episodes of her “Stories” podcast. She had been due to fly back to Rome on Dec. 20.
Sala has been in contact by phone with her family and the Italian embassy in Tehran was notified of her detention, the statement said.
In recent years, Iran’s security forces have arrested dozens of foreigners and dual nationals, mostly on charges related to espionage and security.
Rights groups have accused Iran of trying to extract concessions from other countries through such arrests. Iran denies taking prisoners to gain diplomatic leverage.
Italian journalist arrested in Iran: Rome
- Cecilia Sala was detained on Dec. 19 by police in Tehran
- Foreign ministry said it had been following case closely
ROME: Italy denounced Friday the “unacceptable” arrest of an Italian journalist in Iran, who her employer said was being held in solitary confinement in Tehran’s notorious Evin prison.
Cecilia Sala was detained on Dec. 19 by police in Tehran, the Italian foreign ministry said in a statement, adding that Italy’s ambassador, Paola Amadei, had visited her earlier Friday.
Defense Minister Giudo Crosetto said on X that her arrest was “unacceptable,” adding that Italy was using “high-level political and diplomatic action” to try to secure her release.
Chora Media, an Italian podcast publisher for which Sala worked, said she had left Rome for Iran on Dec. 12 with a journalism visa, and was due to return on December 20.
But she went quiet on Dec. 19 and then did not board her flight. Shortly afterward she called her mother to say she had been arrested, it said.
“She was taken to Evin prison, where dissidents are held, and the reason for her arrest has not yet been formalized,” Chora said in a statement.
Sala also worked for Italian newspaper Il Foglio, which said she had been in Iran “to report on a country she knows and loves.”
“Journalism is not a crime, even in countries that repress all freedoms, including those of the press. Bring her home,” it said.
Chora said it had not publicized her case until now in the hope that she would swiftly be returned home. It called for her immediate release.
The foreign ministry said it had been following the case closely and was working with Iranian authorities to clarify Sala’s situation, including the conditions of her detention.
Sala, reported to be 29-years-old, had been able to make two phone calls to relatives, it said, without giving further details.
