More than 6 million people have been displaced inside Syria because of the war
The fall of Aleppo came after one of the most devastating battles of the civil war, now in its eighth year
Updated 12 June 2018
AP
JARABLUS: Nearly 50 children orphaned by the Syrian war escaped the hell that was their hometown of Aleppo after they appeared in a distressing video and appealed for their lives as regime forces moved in under a hail of fire.
In the year and half since, the children and their instructors have been uprooted twice more: Once to escape similar bombardment in another opposition stronghold and again when they fled a town that has been overwhelmed by people seeking shelter from Syria’s war.
The orphanage first established in opposition-held eastern Aleppo, known as the Center for the Exceptional, has finally landed in a small house in the sleepy northern town of Jarablus, which was once a hub for Daesh terrorists along the border with Turkey but has been governed by a Turkey-backed administration since 2016.
More than 6 million people — nearly a quarter of Syria’s pre-war population — have been displaced inside Syria because of the war. For Aleppo’s orphans, the war trauma and the loss of parents were compounded by the recurrent uprooting from the only familiar place they knew.
“It was better back home. We had our toys and our home. We had a court to play in and we had a toys room, a looms area, and a hall for learning singing,” said Yasmine Qamuz, an 11-year-old whose mother is missing and whose father died of a heart condition in Aleppo.
Qamuz said she left her favorite yellow doll behind in Aleppo.
The fall of Aleppo came after one of the most devastating battles of the civil war, now in its eighth year.
Syria’s largest city was for years divided between opposition- and regime-controlled areas. After four years of opposition rule, the regime recaptured eastern Aleppo in December 2016 after a months-long military offensive backed by Russia.
The bombardment of eastern Aleppo drove residents — including the children — underground. One of the children was wounded by shrapnel when he tried to come up from the basement where they had huddled for weeks. During the siege, the orphanage posted an online video in which Qamuz, the little girl, pleaded for an exit route.
Soon after, permission came for their evacuation. There was a hitch as last-minute negotiations over their destination delayed their departure. The children were encircled by gunmen for 22 hours in the buses meant to take them out of the crumbling enclave, until the deal was finally sealed.
First, they went to another opposition-held town in the neighboring province of Idlib. When that came under attack, they were moved north to the town of Azaz. But soon that was hit by a huge wave of displaced people, so they had to leave again.
Jarablus, a border town with just over 10,000 residents before the war, saw its population almost quadruple after the Daesh retreat as newly displaced Syrians moved in.
Still, it remains a small town. There are few places for the children to go. The only day trip they go on is to the river banks.
“They are city children,” said Hikmat Sheihan, one of the orphanage administrators.
“In Aleppo, they had daily visitors or events. Here, there are no events and few visitors. Those with them in school are from different environments.”
Three children who lost their mother — an orphanage worker— and their father in the offensive are expected to be reunified with their extended families in Aleppo, for a short visit.
“When we left we came here because it’s a safe area and there is no gunfire or shelling,” said Asmar Al-Halabi, who founded the orphanage in 2015. But with the move, private donations also shrank as world attention shifted elsewhere.
On a recent afternoon, the children gathered in excitement because of visitors — an Associated Press team escorted by Turkish officials.
Some of the boys were attending math classes in the basement, even though school is on summer recess.
Girls sat in a circle and giggled as they said they prefer the summer because it means they don’t have to wake up early. In keeping with Ramadan, they read the Qur’an during the day and slept early to wake up for the dawn meal. Many said they were fasting.
Al-Halabi, who the children refer to as Baba, or Dad, said the children still reminisce about Aleppo.
“All the kids’ memories are of Aleppo,” he said. “We wish we could go back.”
The Israeli military has intensified its strikes on targets in Syria since its conflict with Hezbollah in neighboring Lebanon escalated into full-scale war in late September after almost a year of cross-border hostilities
Updated 12 min 19 sec ago
AFP
DAMSCUS: The UN special envoy for Syria said on Sunday that it was “extremely critical” to end the fighting in Lebanon and Gaza to avoid the country being pulled into a regional war.
“We need now to make sure that we have immediately a ceasefire in Gaza, that we have a ceasefire in Lebanon, and that we avoid Syria being dragged even further into the conflict,” said Geir Pedersen ahead of a meeting with the Syrian foreign minister in Damascus. “We agree that it is extremely critical that we de-escalate so that Syria is not further dragged into this,” he said.
Since Syria’s civil war erupted in 2011, Israel has carried out hundreds of strikes in the country, mainly targeting the army and Iran-backed groups.
The Israeli military has intensified its strikes on targets in Syria since its conflict with Hezbollah in neighboring Lebanon escalated into full-scale war in late September after almost a year of cross-border hostilities.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights war monitor said Israeli strikes on the city of Palmyra earlier in the week killed 105 people, the vast majority of them pro-Iran fighters, in the deadliest such attack on radical groups to date.
Israel rarely comments on individual strikes in Syria but has repeatedly said it will not allow Iran to expand its presence
in the country.
Frankly Speaking: Will President Trump be able to end the wars in Gaza and Ukraine?
Middle East expert Norman Roule says Trump team members will be no different from Biden officials despite their pro-Israel rhetoric
Lauds clear position of Kingdom’s foreign minister on two-state solution, says Lebanon war has a simple solution with a difficult approach
Updated 14 min 10 sec ago
Arab News
DUBAI: After voting for Donald Trump in anger at the Biden administration’s perceived inaction on the Gaza war, many Arab Americans are now voicing concern as the victorious Republican candidate prepares to return to the White House with top team nominees vocal in their support for Israel.
Former senior US intelligence officer Norman Roule, however, says the incoming Trump administration’s policy in this regard will be largely similar to that of President Joe Biden’s.
“It is certainly true that many of the Trump senior designees are openly pro-Israel, but their rhetoric as to what they would do to support Israel is no different than the Biden administration itself,” he said on the Arab News current affairs program “Frankly Speaking.”
He believes one positive thing to look forward to is that Trump would avoid embroiling the US, Israel, or the region in an endless conflict in the Gaza Strip.
“If there is a difference between the Biden approach and the Trump approach,” he said, “the Trump approach might be more of, to the Israeli government: Do what you feel is necessary, but do it efficiently, humanely, and quickly, we’re not looking to support Israel for an endless war there itself.”
The incoming Trump administration’s policy regarding the Gaza will be largely similar to that of President Joe Biden’s, former senior US intelligence officer Norman Roule tells Frankly Speaking host Katie Jensen. (AN photo)
Roule stressed that America must end the war and facilitate aid access for the Palestinians in Gaza, who have suffered for over a year from a deepening humanitarian crisis, while at the same time ensuring Israel’s security from Hamas militants.
“First, we must provide humanitarian relief to the Palestinian people who have suffered tremendously, largely because of Hamas’ use of this population as human sacrifice, but we must bring in international aid and end the conflict,” he said.
“But at the same time, we must end the role of Hamas in threatening Israel. It’s not unfair that Israel seeks its security to prevent another repetition of Oct. 7.”
On that fateful day in 2023, Hamas-led Palestinian militants carried out a surprise attack on southern Israel, killing some 1,200 people and taking 240 others hostage. Israel retaliated by launching a widespread bombing campaign on Gaza, killing at least 44,000 Palestinians within 14 months, according to the local health authority.
Saudi Arabia has consistently condemned Israel’s actions in Gaza, and Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan has ruled out normalizing relations with Israel until a Palestinian state is established.
Roule lauded the Saudi leadership’s consistency and clear stance on the Palestine issue.
“The Saudi foreign minister’s position has been consistent, it’s been clear, and it’s been directed to achieve what the entire Arab world seeks — a two-state solution that is fair to the Palestinian people, that allows security for Israel, and does not provide undue diplomatic recognition or other inducements to Israel before that diplomatic solution of the two-state relationship comes about,” he said.
“So, I’m a big fan of Prince Faisal bin Farhan. His comments have been appropriate, and the comments of the Saudi leadership have also been quite clear,” he told Katie Jensen, the host of “Frankly Speaking.”
Roule spent 34 years with the CIA covering the Middle East. For nine of those years, he was the national intelligence manager for Iran at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
Roule, a former senior US intelligence officer, believes Saudi-US relations will continue to thrive regardless of the administration in Washington and despite the temporary pause caused by the Gaza war. (AN photo)
Drawing on his background, he expressed skepticism about whether all parties would cooperate in reaching a two-state solution. “If that’s going to be difficult with the Israelis, you just have to imagine yourself right now: Is the president of the Palestinian Authority capable politically of bringing the Palestinians to a two-state solution? Will Hamas tolerate that?” he said.
“And, indeed, the question that we all should ask ourselves is, if two-state discussions began today, what would Hamas, the Palestine Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, Iran and the Houthis say about that? Would they support those talks? Would they try to upend those talks?”
According to Roule, the “great unanswered question” is what the international community is doing to ensure that, if a two-state diplomatic approach is reached, it will be protected from “the malign actions of Iran and its proxies.”
Asked if parts of the much-talked-about Saudi-US deal could still move forward despite the Kingdom’s stance on not normalizing relations with Israel without the two-state solution being achieved, he said the two countries “have a separate relationship that needs to progress at the same time.
“And it’s been doing quite well in recent months,” he said. “Both the Biden administration in its remaining time and the (incoming) Trump administration will seek to implement the parts of the deal that are not related to Israel.”
Despite the temporary pause in a comprehensive strategic agreement owing to the Gaza conflict, he sees collaboration continuing in areas like AI, green energy and regional stability.
“We have a massive technological cooperation that’s ongoing, particularly in artificial intelligence,” Roule said. “The issue of data centers is coming to the forefront of the relationship, but also, as the Biden administration was working on its strategic agreement with the Saudi government, the sense in Washington is the movement of that deal was quite positive and was only upended by the Gaza conflict.”
Roule expects to see continued progress on elements of that deal, which “provides Saudi Arabia and the US with what they need to maintain and build what is a very positive and critical relationship for the US and for the region.”
Moving on to Lebanon, Roule said that to bring peace to the war-torn country, “there’s a simple solution with a difficult approach to get there.
“We need first to remove Lebanese Hezbollah north of the Litani (River) to empower the Lebanese armed forces to come south of the Litani and do their job — and be able to do so without fear of Lebanese Hezbollah,” he said.
Nevertheless, he stressed that the first priority is to “end the conflict” and “end the suffering of the Lebanese people, end the suffering of the Israeli people.”
Pointing to the fact that “60,000 Israelis have left their home and prior to the Lebanese recent conflict, 100,000 Lebanese were not going into their homes, and now we have a million displaced Lebanese,” Roule said: “We’ve got to make that our first priority.”
Achieving peace in Lebanon, according to Roule, hinges on one key factor: “The Lebanese people must be willing to stand up against Lebanese Hezbollah.”
Elaborating on the point, he said: “This isn’t something that we’re going to be able to do. And I’ll close by saying that one bit of diplomatic guidance that in the intelligence community we often give to diplomats is: We can’t want a solution more than the people on the ground.
“The Lebanese people must appoint a president, empower their armed forces, push back on Lebanese Hezbollah.”
He is sure that once the Lebanese decide on the political solution, the US “will assist them and support them and provide them with billions of dollars of aid.
“But, at a certain point, the political solution must be their own.”
Asked about the outlook for the war in Lebanon, especially after Israeli official Michael Freund told the Jerusalem Post that southern Lebanon is actually “northern Israel,” Roule said “harsh rhetoric” is “coming from all sides — Lebanese Hezbollah, elements of the Israeli government, and Palestinians themselves — on all of these issues.”
President-elect Trump pledged throughout his campaign to quickly end the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. Roule believes that Trump, who opposes “endless wars,” will pursue this goal by surrounding himself with people who share his worldview.
“President Trump does see himself as a deal maker and he assigns to key positions around him individuals with the same worldview,” he said.
“So, you’re going to get individuals who are generally sympathetic toward Israel, confident of the strong US relationship with the Gulf Cooperation Council states, willing to deter Iran, willing to do what it takes to keep the US out of regional conflicts, but willing also to push back on adversaries.”
While Trump does not want to see the US in a war in the Middle East or in Europe any more than President Biden, the two administrations’ approach to these issues in significantly different ways, according to Roule.
“President Trump’s goal appears to be how do we bring some sort of agreement together that stops the killing and restores the diplomatic channels so that we can bring about peace in Europe,” he said.
He added that Trump’s goal in regard to Iran is “probably” similar.
“Iran needs to reduce its nuclear program, cease its regional adventurism, and act like a normal nation,” Roule said. “If Iran is willing to do this, as we’ve seen in the previous Trump administration, they will offer engagement.
“But if not, in either of these cases, what you’re going to see is likely the Trump administration not unwilling to provide Ukraine with more weapons, because Russia won’t cooperate — and also to conduct significant pressure against Iran.”
When asked whether Ukrainians and Europeans fear that Trump’s policies might prioritize Russia in a deal and pressure Kyiv, the EU, and NATO to accept it — much like the withdrawal from Afghanistan — Roule responded that the US approach would ultimately depend on whether the issue is deemed existential to its interests.
“The Trump administration’s position is going to be: If this is an existential issue for Europe, then it must act accordingly. And there are some countries in Europe which still will not meet their NATO obligations,” he said.
“The Trump administration’s position is going to be, not unreasonably, if this is existential for us and we must participate accordingly, why isn’t it existential for you?”
Turning to Ukraine, Roule said this has been “a costly, bloody war” within the country. “They’ve lost many of their people to Russian aggression. This is a criminal invasion of another country,” he said.
“That said, if you’re interested in stopping the violence, at some point all wars come to a diplomatic solution. They may not be attractive, but that solution is needed.”
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s top climate change official on Sunday voiced concern over the widening gap between global climate commitments and the needs of vulnerable nations as COP29 ended in Azerbaijan.
Addressing the closing plenary, Romina Khurshid Alam, Prime Minister’s Coordinator on Climate Change, emphasized Pakistan’s acute vulnerability to phenomenon, citing devastating floods, glacial melt, extreme heatwaves and droughts that have affected millions and strained the country’s resources.
“Climate justice is not charity; it is a moral obligation,” she said during her statement, criticizing the mismatch between developed nations’ pledges and the requirements of developing countries to implement their climate plans.
The Pakistani official welcomed the adoption of the Baku Climate Unity Pact, though she expressed “mixed feelings” about the outcomes.
“We note critical gaps in the decisions adopted here,” she said. “Global solidarity is important, but the goals set by developed countries fall short of addressing the needs of developing nations to implement their NDCs [Nationally Determined Contributions] and National Adaptation Plans.”
Alam highlighted the inequity in the international climate finance system, pointing out that countries like Pakistan are being forced into debt to manage the fallout of climate disasters.
“The climate crisis is turning into a debt crisis because the means of implementation are not clear,” she added.
The Pakistani official urged all parties to return to the negotiating table with renewed determination ahead of COP30.
“Multilateralism remains the cornerstone of Pakistan’s climate diplomacy, and we hope for greater equity and commitment in addressing outstanding critical issues,” she added.
Pakistan is ranked as the 5th most vulnerable country to climate change, according to the Global Climate Risk Index. Apart from floods, droughts and heatwaves, the country’s eastern cities in Punjab have also witnessed unprecedented smog, taking the AQI level as high as 2,000.
Second half goals from Fabinho and Houssem Aouar means that Al-Ittihad have 30 points from 11 games
Updated 20 min 16 sec ago
John Duerden
JEDDAH: Al-Ittihad beat Al-Fateh 2-0 on Sunday to move two points clear at the top of the Saudi Pro League to complete what has been a perfect weekend for the Jeddah giants with title rivals with Al-Hilal and Al-Nassr both losing.
Second half goals from Fabinho and Houssem Aouar means that Al-Ittihad have 30 points from 11 games, two clear of Al-Hilal in second and eight ahead of Al-Nassr in third.
It was a hard-fought game against the bottom team but the Tigers thought they had taken the lead after 16 minutes as Saleh Al-Shehri fired home when a corner found its way to the far post but the ball was adjudged to have bounced off Fabinho’s hand.
There were not many other clear chances. Al-Fateh may have started the day at the very foot of the league but knew that a victory would take them out of the bottom three while a point would be welcome.
Al-Ittihad redoubled their attacking efforts after the break but there were so many white shirts in and around the penalty area but three minutes before the hour Fabinho showed his class. Mario Mitaj passed from the left of the area and the former Liverpool midfielder reacted quickly to steer the ball inside the near post with the goalkeeper caught wrong-footed.
Steven Bergwin almost sealed the win with 17 minutes remaining as he sprinted free of the defence but Peter Szappanos got a hand to the shot to keep Al-Fateh in the game.
There was nothing he could do as Aouar struck in the last minute, sweeping home a fine cross from Abdulrahman Al-Oboud.
Earlier in the day, Ettifaq drew 0-0 at Al-Riyadh, a result that does not relieve the pressure on coach Steven Gerrard who has seen the team now go eight games without a win.
What We Are Reading Today: ‘The Physical Nature of Information’
Updated 5 min 56 sec ago
Arab News
Author: Gregory Falkovich
Applications of information theory span a broad range of disciplines today.
It teaches the tools universally used by physicists working on quantum computers and black holes, engineers designing self-driving cars, traders perfecting market strategies, chemists playing with molecules, biologists studying cells and living beings, linguists analyzing languages, and neuroscientists figuring out how the brain works.
No matter what area of science you specialize in, “The Physical Nature of Information” unlocks the power of information theory to test the limits imposed by uncertainty.
