ISLAMABAD: A leading Pakistani non-profit on Tuesday said the 2024 general elections led to a “fracture of popular mandate” and intensified political instability in the country, though it also expressed optimism over the newly initiated negotiations between the government and opposition.

The Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT), which focuses on democratic governance, released its end-of-year Quality of Democracy in Pakistan 2024 report a day earlier. The report provides an overview of the state of politics in Pakistan over the past year, marked by increasing polarization and systemic issues.

“The 12th General Election held in February 2024 after a considerable delay was a largely flawed exercise that served to fracture popular mandate and to provide citizens only with a modicum of political and electoral choice,” it said.

Pakistan’s national polls were marred by accusations of irregularities, including delayed results, amid claims by former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party that its candidates faced significant obstacles in running their campaigns.

PTI candidates were also forced to contest as independents after the Supreme Court ruled its intra-party elections flawed, stripping it of its election symbol. Party leaders alleged the system was heavily rigged against them.

The subsequent election results did not leave any party positioned to form a government independently, leading to political negotiations that helped the ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif build a coalition with a razor-thin majority.

“Pakistan’s leading political parties have continued to display a sad and familiar proclivity to assist the establishment against a political opponent of the time in return for short-term selfish political gains,” the report noted, using a popular euphemism for the country’s powerful military and adding that the current political set-up “is no different.”

It also highlighted controversial developments, including amendments restructuring the judiciary and extending the tenures of defense chiefs, which it described as evidence of growing centralization of decision-making influenced by the establishment.

The PILDAT report also addressed persistent social media blackouts in the country, describing them as a means of suppressing critical political voices.

“To manage and silence political dissent, the current set-up has stepped up efforts to manage the use of Internet and social media platforms by blocking certain applications and controlling the flow of communication through others,” it said.

However, the report welcomed the dialogue between the government and PTI, which formally began last month, calling it a potential path to political and economic stability.

“Against this bleak horizon, the improving economic stability and the stated willingness and initiation for political dialogue between the PTI and the government offer the only silver lining,” PILDAT noted.

“Despite grandstanding by the government and its backers and tough bargaining and threats of civil disobedience by the PTI, it is our belief that a comprehensive dialogue must be sustained to find politically negotiated solutions,” it added.

KARACHI: In a modest rented apartment in Karachi’s Gulistan-e-Jauhar neighborhood, Ednan Effendi and his wife, Samreen, recall a time when annual family trips to northern Pakistan were a cherished tradition. Now, stagnant incomes, inflation and higher taxes have left the Effendis, like millions of other Pakistani families, struggling, as the country tries to recover from a prolonged economic crisis.
Pakistan’s inflation rate in November fell to 4.9 percent, a six-year low, with the finance ministry projecting December’s rate to hover around 4-5 percent. The central bank expects consumer prices to average below 13.5 percent this fiscal year, attributing the improvement to sound monetary policy, a stable currency and declining global commodity prices.
Yet, countless middle-class families like the Effendis— a key indicator of any country’s economic health— are reeling from rising fuel and food costs, along with increased taxes.
“Four years ago, we used to go on family trips to Pakistan’s northern areas annually,” Samreen Effendi, 45, told Arab News. “But now the budget doesn’t allow it.”
Last year in September, Pakistan secured a 37-month, $7 billion financial bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing to financial reforms such as raising taxes and utility prices. While aimed at long-term stabilization, these measures have deepened financial hardship for families like the Effendis, forcing difficult trade-offs.
“We have no choice but to live within our income,” said Effendi, a 53-year-old government officer and father of two. “In the same salary, we must pay children’s school fees, buy groceries and manage household expenses.”
Four years ago, the Effendis could afford items like ketchup, chocolate spread and cheese in their monthly groceries. Surging inflation has slashed their grocery budget from Rs30,000 [$107] to Rs15,000 [$53.68]. Now, their monthly shopping is limited to staples such as rice and lentils.
“Gone are the days when we could buy everything in bulk,” Samreen lamented.
She said that she once dreamed of providing her children with an education better than her own, though she has now been facing harsh realities.
“Even the fees for government colleges and universities have become so high they have gone beyond our budget,” she said. “What can we do? We are middle-class people.”
‘ENJOYING LIFE OUT OF THE QUESTION’
As living costs soared, Samreen let go of domestic help and now takes on all the household chores herself.
“We’ve let go of our maids. Now we sweep and mop the house ourselves, wash clothes ourselves,” she said. “A regular woman can do these tasks, but how can she also work a job alongside them?”
Millions of families in Karachi grapple with daily water and gas shortages, resorting to costly gas cylinders and private water tankers charging exorbitant rates.
Samreen says managing groceries, education bills and rising utility expenses has become nearly impossible.
“Going out and enjoying life is out of the question now. Even having two meals a day at home has become a blessing,” she added.
Despite the challenges, the Effendis hold on to hope as the new year approaches. Effendi longs for the day prices stabilize, allowing him to take his family on outings and fulfill his father’s modest wish of traveling to the scenic hill station of Murree by train.
“I could take my children and my wife for outings, seeing a smile on her face,” Effendi said. “I could take my father, who has been asking for a trip to Murree or a train ride for so long.”
“My biggest wish is for 2025 to be a great year for me and everyone else,” he added.