PESHAWAR: At 12.7 percent, the literacy rate among girls and women in the newly-merged tribal districts of Pakistan is discouragingly low and presents a bleak picture of education in the region, educators and officials said on Thursday.
Add to that the lack of residential and other facilities for women teachers in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and the problem increases manifold.
However, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s (KP) Education Minister, Ziaullah Bangash reasoned with Arab News that the tribal areas have just been merged with KP and that his government has inclusive plans to support women teachers working in the region. “We have plans to establish a separate directorate for female teachers in tribal districts to specifically focus on their issues. We will offer additional allowances and incentives to female teachers working in remote stations,” he added.
Dr. Rukhsana Aziz Wazir, assistant director at the Directorate of Education (DoE) in KP said that complaints about women teachers — not discharging their duties in FATA — were rampant.
“Female teachers work in the tribal areas’ schools in a tough environment. Yes, there are cases of habitual absenteeism among female teachers but the government is striving to ensure the provision of all facilities to teachers there,” she said, adding issues such as lack of residential facilities and basic amenities, such as electricity, acted as an additional impediment.
“The installations of solar panels at the girls’ schools in the tribal districts will help resolve the electricity issue,” Wazir said.
Gul Rukh Wazir, a computer programmer at the DoE in KP, said that a total of 1,030 women teachers worked in the girls’ schools across the area. A school teacher, who wished to remain anonymous fearing a backlash from the community, said that she had spent more than one year at a girls’ school in the North Waziristan tribal district where she had to live with the school’s owner due to the absence of a residential facility. “We are in dire need of residential facilities, [and basic amenities such as] clean drinking water, a proper toilet system, and security while working in remote schools,” she said.
Gul Rukh added that the 1,030 teachers were hired from other districts of KP, which is difficult for them as they are residing at duty stations due to a lack of proper housing facilities.
According to data reviewed by Arab News, at least 61 teachers are working in Bajaur, 133 in Mohmand, 150 in Khyber, 65 in the Frontier Region (FR) of Peshawar, 128 in FR Kohat, 81 in Orakzai, 30 in Kurram, 70 in FR Bannu, 39 in FR Lakki, 124 in North Waziristan, 99 in South Waziristan, 13 in FR Tank, and 37 in FR Dera Ismail Khan. All these teachers are from other districts of the province.
When contacted by Arab News, several of the teachers complained that they could not ensure regular attendance due to the non-availability of residential facilities in the areas where they have been stationed to teach.
A previous report filed by KP’s DoE also presented a dismal picture of education in the tribal region. The report, compiled by the Education Management and Information System (EMIS), said that the literacy rate in the tribal areas was 33.3 percent (with 49.7 percent men and 12.7 percent women).
The report added that only 45.2 percent of the schools have a drinking water facility, 43 percent have electricity, 45 percent have toilets, while 70 percent have boundary walls.
When contacted, Khan Malik, former president of the FATA Teachers Association, said that the education-related issues — including the low literacy rate among girls and women — were extremely tragic developments which could have a far-reaching negative impact on the region in the long-run.
He added that after the merger with KP, the government should expedite efforts to bring the vital education sector back on track.
Offering viable solutions to the main issues faced by the teachers, he said that the government should ensure that the owner of the school is responsible for providing housing and food, or build a community residential facility for the teachers, or post them at a station which is closest to their area of residence.
“Without introducing drastic reforms and changes, the girls’ literacy rate tends to show a downward trend,” he warned.
The education minister said that the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government is adopting several measures and would leave no stone unturned in improving the overall literacy rate in the tribal areas.
“We are assessing the ground realities and simultaneously taking steps to remove the bottlenecks in the education sector,” he noted.
Women teachers in tribal areas put to test due to lack of amenities
Women teachers in tribal areas put to test due to lack of amenities
- Questionable number of educators main reason for region’s 12.7% literacy rate
- KP government to take up several measures to address the problem
Supreme Court dismisses petition challenging extension in tenure of army chief
- Pakistan earlier this month passed bills to extend the tenures of heads of the armed forces to five years from three
- Rights advocates say measures by PM Sharif’s coalition could be aimed at shoring up support from powerful military figures
ISLAMABAD: The Constitutional Bench of the Pakistan Supreme Court on Tuesday dismissed a petition challenging the extension of the tenure of Army Chief Gen. Asim Munir, state news agency APP said.
Pakistan’s parliament earlier this month passed bills to extend the terms of the heads of the armed forces to five years from three, a move that has been opposed by rights activists as well as the opposition Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party of jailed ex-Prime Minister Imran Khan.
The PTI believes extending the term of commanders including the army chief would deal another blow to the embattled Khan and his party, which blames the military for his downfall. The army denies involvement.
“The petition was dismissed after the petitioner Mahmood Akhtar Naqvi failed to appear before the court and defend his argument in spite of repeated notices,” APP said. “Also, the new legislation fixing the tenure of all three service chiefs paved the way for the dismissal of the petition.”
The office of the army chief is considered to be the most powerful in the country, with the military having ruled Pakistan for almost half of its 75-year history. Even when not directly in power, the army is considered to be the invisible guiding hand in politics and holds considerable sway in internal security, foreign policy, and economic affairs, among other domains.
The coalition government led by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has defended the passage of the new bills that extend the tenures of the army, navy and air force chiefs, saying the move would check against services chiefs granting themselves extensions and “formalize” the duration of their service. The government says the bills are aimed at building continuity and avoiding the political turmoil that usually surrounds the appointment of the army chief every three years.
Rights activists and democracy advocates say the measures by the Sharif-led coalition, which is opposed to Khan and took power after an election in February, could be aimed at shoring up support from powerful military figures.
Under the new law, Gen.l Munir, who took office in November 2022 with a timeline to retire in 2025, will serve until 2027 irrespective of a retirement age of 64 for a general.
Khan, who has been in jail since August last year, has been at odds with generals he blames for his 2022 ousting, after he fell out with then-army chief Qamar Javed Bajwa. The military denies it interferes in politics.
Khan’s party-backed candidates won the most seats in February’s election but fell short of a majority, clearing the way for his opponents led by Sharif to form a government.
Khan’s supporters have since been agitating in parliament and on the streets, alleging that the election was rigged to keep them out of power, which the election commission denies. The PTI says the ruling alliance does not enjoy legitimacy, an accusation the government rejects.
The passage of the new bills on extension in service tenure follows controversial amendments made to the constitution last month, granting lawmakers the authority to nominate the chief justice of Pakistan, who previously used to be automatically appointed according to the principle of seniority.
The amendments allowed the government to bypass the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court, Justice Mansoor Ali Shah, and appoint Justice Yahya Afridi as the country’s top judge.
The opposition and the legal fraternity have opposed the amendments, arguing that they are aimed at granting more power to the executive in making judicial appointments and curtailing the independence of the judiciary. The government denies this.
All schools to reopen in Pakistan’s Punjab province as air quality improves
- Lahore’s air quality index fell to 158 on Tuesday, which IQAir categorizes as unhealthy, after crossing 2,000 last week
- Record air pollution has triggered mass hospitalizations, school closures and lockdown orders in Punjab province
ISLAMABAD: Air quality improved in Pakistan’s Punjab province on Tuesday, prompting authorities in the worst-affected Lahore and Multan cities to reopen schools from Wednesday after over ten days of being closed due to record-high pollution levels.
Lahore’s air quality index (AQI) fell to 158 late on Tuesday, which Swedish group IQAir categorizes as unhealthy, after crossing 2,000 in some locations last week.
On Monday, the Punjab government had said schools would reopen across Punjab province, except for in the Lahore and Multan divisions.
“The ambient air quality has improved in Punjab, due to rain in upper parts of Punjab, change in wind direction and speed,” a notification said.
“Therefore, all the educational institutions in the whole province, including Lahore and Multan Division, shall be opened w.e.f. 20-11-2024 (Wednesday).”
The notification said school opening timings could not be before 845am, as smog is thickest in the early morning hours, and all students and staff had to wear face masks.
“There shall be a complete ban on outdoor sports and outdoor co-curricular activities till further orders,” the notification added. “All educational institutions shall introduce class wise school closing timing to avoid traffic congestions.”
Record-high air pollution levels have triggered hundreds of hospitalizations, junior and high school closures and stay-at-home orders in several districts of Punjab, including the provincial capital of Lahore, which has been enveloped in a thick, toxic smog since last month.
Schools and government offices were closed earlier this month in many districts of Punjab, with the closures affecting the education of more than 20 million students, according to associations representing private and government schools.
Authorities in 18 districts of Punjab also closed all public parks, zoos and museums, historical places, and playgrounds for ten days last week.
A court in Lahore ordered the government to shut all markets after 8pm, while authorities have already banned barbecuing food without filters and ordered wedding halls to close by 10pm.
Last week, the UN children’s agency said the health of 11 million children in Punjab province was in danger because of air pollution.
Pakistan, ADB sign ‘landmark’ $500 million climate loan agreement
- Program is aimed at strengthening Pakistan’s capacity for climate change adaptation and disaster risk management
- Finance minister said last month Pakistan is also targeting around $1 billion in a formal request for climate cash from IMF
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on Tuesday signed a “landmark” $500 million dollar loan agreement under the ‘Climate and Disaster Resilience Enhancement Program,’ state broadcaster Radio Pakistan reported.
Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, according to the Global Climate Risk Index.
Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb said last month Pakistan was targeting around $1 billion in a formal request for funding from an IMF facility that helps low and middle income countries mitigate climate risk. The IMF already agreed to a $7 billion bailout for Pakistan in September but has additional funding available via its Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST), created in 2022 to provide long-term concessional cash for climate-related spending such as adaptation and transitioning to cleaner energy.
“The signing of the [ADB] agreement underscores Pakistan’s commitment to prioritize climate change initiatives and scaling up disaster risk financing using a risk-layered approach,” Radio Pakistan said, quoting Pakistan’s Minister for Economic Affairs, Ahad Cheema.
The program is aimed at strengthening Pakistan’s capacity for climate change adaptation and disaster risk management and will address the country’s vulnerabilities to natural disasters and climate impacts.
“The core objective of the program is to enhance institutional frameworks for disaster risk management by improving disaster risk mapping, response coordination, and gender-sensitive public investments,” Radio Pakistan added.
Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, who spoke at a number of events at the UN COP29 climate summit last week, used the forum to highlight the need to increase climate finance for vulnerable, developing countries. He said developing countries would need an estimated $6.8 trillion by 2030 to implement less than half of their current nationally determined contributions (NDCs) or national action plans for reducing emissions and adapting to climate impacts defined by the Paris Agreement.
The main task for nearly 200 countries at the COP29 summit, taking place from Nov. 11-22, is to broker a deal that ensures up to trillions of dollars in financing for climate projects worldwide.
Pakistan Stock Exchange crosses 96,000 to hit record intraday high
- Higher remittances, exports, foreign investment credited for bullish activity, analysts say
- Stock Exchange witnessing bullish trend since government slashed policy rate this month
ISLAMABAD: The Pakistan Stock Exchange on Tuesday surged past 96,000 points to hit a record high in intraday trading, with analysts attributing the rally to a current account surplus in October due to higher remittances, exports and foreign direct investment.
The benchmark KSE-100 index climbed to a record 935.66 points or 0.98 percent to stand at 95,931.33 from the previous close of 94,995.67 points. It touched the 96,036.48 mark for the first time at 2:44pm PST.
Ahsan Mehanti at the Arif Habib Corporation told Arab News potential investors had weighed surging foreign reserves as well as government decisions over reforms for loss-making state-owned enterprises, independent power producers and energy pricing.
“Stocks bullish on reports of current account surplus of $349 million in Oct. 2024 on higher remittances, exports and FDI rising by 32pc to $904m for Jul-Oct. 2024,” he said. “The next triggers could be easing political noise amid protest calls by opposition.”
Pakistan’s external current account recorded a surplus of $349 million in October 2024, marking the third consecutive month of surplus and the highest in this period. The current account reflects a nation’s transactions with the world, encompassing net trade in goods and services, net earnings on cross-border investments and net transfer payments.
A surplus indicates that a country is exporting more than it is importing, thereby strengthening its foreign exchange reserves.
A bullish trend has been observed at the stock market since Pakistan’s central bank cut its key policy rate by 250 basis points, bringing it to 15 percent earlier this month. It’s economic indicators have also steadily improved since securing a 37-month, $7 billion bailout from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in September.
Before this, the country went through a prolonged economic crisis that drained its foreign exchange reserves and saw its currency weaken amid double-digit inflation.
Last year, Pakistan narrowly avoided a sovereign default by clinching a last-gasp $3 billion IMF bailout deal.
Pakistan dispatches aid consignment to Syria amid Israeli strikes
- Israel has been hitting what it calls Iran-linked targets in Syria for years but has ramped up such raids since Oct. 7, 2023
- Before latest dispatch, Pakistan has sent 12 aid consignments to Palestine, six shipments to Lebanon, one to Syria
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) on Tuesday dispatched a consignment of aid for Syria where Israel has been carrying out strikes as part of its military actions in the Middle East.
Israel has been hitting what it calls Iran-linked targets in Syria for years but has ramped up such raids since the Oct. 7, 2023, attack by Hamas on Israel, leading Israel to launch a military campaign in which more than 43,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza and more than 3,500 people in Lebanon.
Israel launched its campaign in Gaza after a Hamas-led assault on southern Israeli communities in which some 1,200 people were killed and another 250 taken hostage, according to Israeli tallies.
“On Tuesday, 20th consignment of aid was dispatched from Karachi to Syria,” the NDMA said in a statement.
“This aid shipment, sent by NDMA in collaboration with Al-Khidmat Foundation [NGO], comprised approximately 17 tons of supplies, including rice buckets, powdered milk, tin food, family packs, sleeping bags, medical support kits and generator. The aid was dispatched via chartered flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, to Damascus, Syria.”
Before Tuesday’s dispatch, the government of Pakistan had sent 12 aid consignments to Palestine, six to Lebanon, and one to Syria.
Pakistan does not recognize nor have diplomatic relations with Israel and calls for an independent Palestinian state based on “internationally agreed parameters” and the pre-1967 borders with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital.
Since the beginning of the war in October last year, Pakistan has repeatedly called for a ceasefire in Gaza and raised the issue at the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and other international forums, urging an end to Israeli military actions.
