OECD: Fourth Industrial Revolution ‘exciting’ but has downsides

Face of the future: The humanoid robot Sophia was granted citizenship in Saudi Arabia, the first robot in the world to be given nationality. (Getty Images)
Updated 12 February 2019
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OECD: Fourth Industrial Revolution ‘exciting’ but has downsides

  • Challenge is how to empower half of the workforce that will be displaced
  • National leaders urged to broaden their horizons and make appropriate decisions to create a better future

DUBAI: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) will be exciting and full of promise, but carries downsides, Jose Angel Gurria, the secretary-general of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, said on Monday.

In a discussion with CNN’s Becky Anderson at the World Government Summit (WGS) in Dubai, Gurria said: “The danger is not just about knowing the technology that is growing at breakneck speed, but how you empower half of the workforce that will be displaced.

“The Fourth Industrial Revolution will carry with it many promises and challenges in employing technology and how to use it. Half of the workforce is going to be disrupted by technology, due to over- or under-qualification. How can we motivate and upskill those that will be displaced in the process?”

Gurria focused on the need for countries to realize the effects on labor forces and on generations yet to enter the world of work.

He also urged national leaders to “broaden their horizons and make appropriate decisions in order to create a better future.”

 

Intellectual property in the 4IR

Intellectual property governance policies promote innovation and creativity, according to the World Intellectual Property Organization’s director general, Francis Gurry.

“Effective intellectual property systems ensure that ideas are transformed into products and services that are beneficial to people,” Gurry said. “Through intellectual property, we ensure that good ideas are translated into economic products, balance of interests and competitiveness.”

In 2018 alone, 2.5 million patent applications were filed worldwide, which, Gurry said, explained the need for stricter protection laws.

China and the US lead the world in terms of patent numbers, followed by Japan.

“We have a large number of patents on artificial intelligence, so this sequence must be protected,” Gurry added. “We expect significant changes in the distribution of capacity around the world as a result of the development of artificial intelligence in robots.”

 

Mobility in the 4IR

Artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnologies are among the UAE’s key priorities during the 4IR, according to Mattar Mohamed Al-Tayer, Dubai Road and Transport Authority (RTA) general manager.

“The importance of artificial intelligence in the transportation sector lies in three objectives: supporting the management of major events, forecasting traffic, and monitoring and dealing with accidents,” Al-Tayer said during a session at the WGS on “The Future of Mobility in the Age of 4IR.”

He highlighted the accomplishments the RTA has made over the years, turning Dubai into one of the world’s most efficient cities when it comes to mobility and transportation.

“In Dubai, we organized with international transport companies, such as Uber and others, to provide intelligent services to community members.

“The transport sector in Dubai is moving over a million people, and this figure makes us aware of the importance of establishing a solid infrastructure that enhances transportation,” he said.

 


Saudi private sector powers $314bn investment boom, exceeding Vision 2030 target pace

Updated 6 sec ago
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Saudi private sector powers $314bn investment boom, exceeding Vision 2030 target pace

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s gross fixed capital formation rose to SR1.18 trillion ($313.68 billion) in 2024, marking a 5.3 percent annual increase, recent data showed. 

A report from the Ministry of Investment attributed this growth to rising non-government sector investments, which expanded by 7.6 percent during the year. 

The Kingdom’s GFCF has outperformed expectations, with cumulative investments from 2021 to 2024 reaching SR4.11 trillion — 28 percent above the initial target of SR3.22 trillion for the period. 

By 2030, the National Investment Strategy, a key driver of Vision 2030, aims to push total annual GFCF to SR2 trillion, contributing 30 percent to gross domestic product. The plan also targets SR1.7 trillion in domestic investments within GFCF, reinforcing Saudi Arabia’s commitment to private sector expansion and sustainable economic growth.   

GFCF, which measures the net increase in physical assets within an economy, is a crucial component of GDP as it reflects capital accumulation supporting future production capabilities and economic growth. 

In 2024, the private sector accounted for 88 percent of total GFCF, reaching SR1.03 trillion. Meanwhile, the government sector, which made up 12 percent, saw an 8.3 percent decline to SR144.3 billion, signaling a strategic shift toward private sector-led growth. 

Foreign direct investment has also exceeded projections, with total inflows from 2021 to the third quarter of 2024 reaching SR391 billion, including SR104 billion from the Aramco deal, according to the ministry. This surpasses the SR295 billion target for the period by 33 percent, reflecting strong investor confidence and Saudi Arabia’s success in attracting capital under Vision 2030. 

The Kingdom has implemented a range of pro-business reforms, including regulatory streamlining, tax incentives, and the Regional Headquarters Program to attract multinational corporations. Giga-projects like NEOM, the Red Sea, and Qiddiya, along with public-private partnerships and sovereign investment initiatives, are also drawing investor interest across sectors.  

In a recent milestone, the Kingdom approved the organization of the Saudi Investment Promotion Authority to enhance its investment ecosystem and attract global capital. Endorsed during a Cabinet meeting chaired by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman earlier in March, the authority will promote investment opportunities domestically and internationally while working closely with key stakeholders.   

Investment Minister Khalid Al-Falih noted that the initiative strengthens Saudi Arabia’s position as a premier investment hub, leveraging its strategic location, investor-friendly policies, and world-class infrastructure. 


Oil Updates — prices inch up despite tariff concerns, slowdown fears

Updated 11 March 2025
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Oil Updates — prices inch up despite tariff concerns, slowdown fears

SINGAPORE: Oil prices pared earlier losses to inch up during trade on Tuesday, despite concerns over a potential US recession, the impact of tariffs on global growth and as OPEC+ sets its sight on ramping up supply.

Brent futures edged up 18 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $69.46 a barrel at 9:40 a.m. Saudi time after falling in early trade. US West Texas Intermediate crude futures rose 9 cents, or 0.1 percent, to $66.12 a barrel after previous declines as well.

Despite the market noise, Brent at around $70 a barrel is quite a strong support and oil prices may look to stage a technical bounce at current levels, said Suvro Sarkar, energy sector team lead at DBS Bank, adding that the OPEC+ supply response will continue to remain flexible depending on market conditions.

“If oil prices fall below the $70 per barrel mark for an extended period, output hikes may be paused in our opinion. OPEC+ will also keep a careful eye on Trump’s Iran and Venezuela policies,” he said.

“The US has already taken back Chevron’s license to operate in Venezuela and it remains to be seen whether Iran sanctions will be intensified. However, in the interim, worries about global growth amid policy uncertainties and trade wars will dominate.”

US President Donald Trump’s protectionist policies have roiled markets across the world, with Trump imposing and then delaying tariffs on his country’s biggest oil suppliers, Canada and Mexico, while also raising duties on Chinese goods. China and Canada have responded with tariffs of their own.

Over the weekend, Trump said a “period of transition” for the economy is likely but declined to predict whether the US could face a recession amid stock market concerns about his tariff actions.

“Trump’s comments triggered a wave of selling as investors started pricing in the risk of weaker growth in demand,” Daniel Hynes, senior commodity strategist at ANZ said.

Stocks, which crude prices often follow, slumped on Monday, with all three major US indexes suffering sharp declines. The S&P 500 had its biggest one-day drop since Dec. 18 and the Nasdaq slid 4 percent, its biggest single-day percentage drop since September 2022.

US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said on Sunday Trump would not let up pressure on tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China.

On the supply front, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak said on Friday the OPEC+ group agreed to start increasing oil production from April, but could reverse the decision afterwards if there were market imbalances.

In the US, crude oil stockpiles were expected to have risen last week, while distillate and gasoline inventories likely fell, a preliminary Reuters poll showed on Monday.

The poll was conducted ahead of weekly reports from industry group the American Petroleum Institute, due at 11:30 p.m. Saudi time on Tuesday, and the Energy Information Administration, the statistical arm of the US Department of Energy, at 5:30 p.m. Saudi time on Wednesday. 


Pakistan oil regulator in crosshairs of refineries, marketing firms over ‘take or pay’ clause

Updated 11 March 2025
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Pakistan oil regulator in crosshairs of refineries, marketing firms over ‘take or pay’ clause

  • OMCs strongly oppose proposal due to fear of liquidity crises, supply disruptions and potential market exits
  • Refineries say oil marketing firms failing to lift product disrupts operations, threatens supply chain stability

ISLAMABAD: The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) said this week it would mediate between refineries and Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) to reach a “mutually agreeable” resolution on differences over the authority’s proposal to impose a “take or pay” clause in purchase agreements with refineries, which OMCs argue would unfairly burden them.

Pakistan has five oil refineries that process crude oil to produce refined petroleum products. Around 30 OMCs are licensed by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) to ensure the availability of petroleum products in the country.

A conflict emerged between local oil refineries and OMCs over OGRA’s proposal to include a take or pay clause in Sales Purchase Agreements (SPAs), with OMCs strongly opposing the move fearing liquidity crises, supply disruptions and potential market exits. Under the new contracts, oil marketing companies would have to pay at least cost to refineries if they are unable to pick up their allocated quantities of product.

The chairman of the Oil Marketing Association of Pakistan (OMAP), a body representing two dozen small and medium-sized Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs), wrote a letter to OGRA Chairman Masroor Khan this week to formally oppose the proposed clause, saying it would serve the interests of refineries and large OMCs at the expense of smaller players, further consolidating the monopolistic control of big fish in the oil sector. 

OGRA spokesperson Imran Ghaznavi told Arab News refineries and OMCs had been asked to enter into written sale and purchase contracts. 

“The take or pay clause means if an OMC does not buy the contracted quantity, it will still have to pay the purchase price or a penalty and vice versa,” he said. 

OMAP chairman Tariq Wazir Ali told Arab News on Monday the body had “expressed our grave concerns regarding the proposed imposition of the take or pay clause in the SPAs between refineries and OMCs as it poses significant risks to the financial sustainability of OMCs.” 

He said imposing a take or pay clause would hamper competition, discourage new entrants, and ultimately harm the overall efficiency of the petroleum supply chain. He also said the proposed clause overlooked refineries’ opportunistic behavior as they often withheld supply when prices were expected to rise, forcing OMCs into costly imports, and offloaded maximum stock when prices fell, causing financial losses to OMCs.

Given these circumstances, it was unreasonable to expect OMCs to bear inventory losses while refineries remained insulated from the market’s volatility, Ali said. 

“The proposed mechanism must be accompanied by a robust enforcement framework ensuring that refineries adhere to the same rules of fair play and supply commitments, regardless of market price trends,” he added, urging OGRA to convene an inclusive consultative meeting with equal representation of all stakeholders, including small and medium OMCs, before finalizing a decision. 

“MUTUALLY AGREEABLE CONTRACTS“

The conflict has emerged after five leading oil refineries wrote a letter to the OGRA chairman, arguing that OMCs had frequently failed to pick up agreed quantities of High-Speed Diesel (HSD) and Motor Gasoline (MOGAS), which had disrupted refinery operations and threatened supply chain stability. The refineries said while they maintained commercial agreements with OMCs, it was OGRA’s responsibility to enforce compliance with these contracts.

The refineries pointed to Rule 35(g) of the Pakistan Oil (Refining, Blending, Transportation, Storage, and Marketing) Rules 2016, which mandates that local production must be prioritized before allowing imports. Keeping this in mind, they have supported OGRA’s suggestion of introducing a take or pay clause to ensure product uplift but say it should be implemented through mutual agreement and strict regulatory oversight. 

“The engagement sessions with the OMCs will start soon,” OGRA spokesperson Ghaznavi said, “and OGRA will, in the best national interest and for achieving efficiency in the oil supply chain, mediate between refineries and OMCs for a mutually agreeable sale and purchase contracts.”


Aramco’s CEO calls for new global energy model during CERAWeek address

Updated 11 March 2025
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Aramco’s CEO calls for new global energy model during CERAWeek address

  • ‘Investments in all sources is needed,’ says Amin Nasser 

DHAHRAN: Aramco’s president and CEO has called for a fundamental shift in global energy transition planning, warning that the current approach risks severe economic and energy security consequences.

The planning of global energy transitioning needs a fundamental shift as the current approach is a severe economic risk, said Amin Nasser.

Delivering a keynote speech at CERAWeek 2025 in Houston on Monday, Nasser stressed the urgent need for a new global energy model that balanced sustainability, security, and affordability.

He pointed to annual funding needs of up to $8 trillion that would be required for global climate action and cautioned that neglecting conventional energy sources in the transition process could lead to dire outcomes, describing it as a “fast track to dystopia.”

Criticizing the belief that traditional energy sources could be rapidly phased out, Nasser said: “The greatest transition fiction was that conventional energy could be almost entirely replaced, virtually overnight. Hydrocarbons still provide over 80 percent of primary energy in the US, almost 90 percent in China, and even in the EU it is more than 70 percent.”

He added: “New sources add to the energy mix and complement existing sources; they do not replace them. New sources cannot even meet the growth in demand, while the proven sources needed to fill the gap are demonized and discarded. It is a fast track to dystopia, not utopia.”

Nasser also stressed that a new global energy model was essential to meet rising energy demand.

He said: “First, all sources must play a growing role in meeting rising energy demand in a balanced, integrated manner. Certainly, that includes new and alternative energy sources but they will complement conventional energy, not replace it in any meaningful way.

“So, we need investments in all sources. And to further free up such investments globally, we need extensive deregulation and greater incentives for financial institutions to provide unbiased financing. Second, the model must genuinely serve the needs of developed and developing nations alike, as originally promised, especially when it comes to technology. Third, and crucially, this has to be about delivering real results.”

Addressing the importance of reducing emissions, Nasser added that environmental concerns should remain at the forefront but must be approached pragmatically.

He said: “Let me be absolutely clear: This does not mean stepping back from our global climate ambitions. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions must still get the highest possible priority.

“That means prioritizing technologies that drive efficiency, lower energy use, and further reduce greenhouse gas emissions from conventional energy — and AI (artificial intelligence) will clearly be a game-changing enabler. But the future of energy is not only about sustainability; security and affordability must share the stage, with all energy sources working in harmony as one team, delivering real results.”

CERAWeek is one of the world’s most influential energy conferences, bringing together industry leaders, government officials, policymakers, and CEOs to discuss critical issues such as energy security, supply, climate, technology, and sustainability.

More than 10,000 participants from over 2,000 companies and 80 countries are attending this year’s event, which features over 1,400 expert speakers.


Mideast set for private equity boom amid global market revival: report

Updated 10 March 2025
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Mideast set for private equity boom amid global market revival: report

RIYADH: The Middle East is rapidly emerging as a prime destination for private equity investment, spurred by a global resurgence in dealmaking, according to Bain & Co.’s latest Global Private Equity report.

The report highlights a 37 percent rise in global buyout investment value, reaching $602 billion in 2024, fueled by declining interest rates, renewed investor confidence, and the growing need to deploy idle capital.

As economic diversification accelerates across the Gulf, government-backed initiatives are driving investments in technology, renewable energy, and infrastructure, positioning private equity firms to capitalize on these shifting dynamics.

“The Middle East is entering a dynamic period of growth and transformation, creating unprecedented opportunities for investors,” said Gregory Garnier, head of Bain & Co.’s private equity practice in the region.

He emphasized that success in this market will depend on leveraging local expertise, forming strategic partnerships, and adopting innovative value-creation models.  

This rise in Middle Eastern activity mirrors broader global trends. Public-to-private transactions, for example, are leading the private equity market, accounting for $250 billion in 2024—representing nearly half of transactions over $5 billion in North America.

Global challenges persist

Despite a strong recovery in dealmaking, fundraising remains difficult, with investor caution driven by ongoing economic and geopolitical uncertainties.

While exit activity rebounded by 34 percent to $468 billion, private equity firms still face a backlog of 29,000 unsold companies, limiting distributions to limited partners.

Rising competition for high-quality deals has kept valuation multiples elevated, and increasing debt costs are complicating traditional leveraged buyouts. However, the Middle East stands out as a key market, with governments actively supporting private equity investments through initiatives like Saudi Vision 2030, the UAE’s economic diversification strategy, and Qatar’s long-term plans.

Sovereign wealth funds in the region have also become major players, acting as key limited partners and co-investors in both local and global deals.

Rising sectors and investment focus

Technology continues to dominate private equity globally, accounting for 33 percent of all buyout deals by value. In the Middle East, key areas of focus for investors include fintech, artificial intelligence, digital healthcare, and sustainable infrastructure projects. These sectors align with a growing trend toward impact investing and sustainability, driven by government efforts to foster long-term, eco-friendly economic growth in the Gulf.

Looking ahead, Bain & Co. forecasts that private equity will continue its recovery through 2025, assuming stable economic policies and trade conditions.

Hugh MacArthur, chairman of Bain’s Global Private Equity practice, noted that despite ongoing challenges such as inflation, interest rates, and geopolitical risks, the overall sentiment in the industry remains one of cautious optimism.