KARACHI: Pakistan’s new tax profiling system has raised widespread fears of data security breaches, with citizens saying sensitive data uploaded on the portal may be misused and legal experts calling it unconstitutional and in violation of the fundamental right to privacy.
The two online portals, unveiled on Friday by the Federal Board of Revenue, hold information regarding the bank accounts, properties, travel history, and other data of at least 53 million Pakistanis, collected from Pakistan’s primary citizenry database, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA).
The tax portal comes on the back of the annual budget announced earlier this month which targets a sharp hike in tax revenues for the new fiscal year to June 2020. Ending a culture of rampant tax evasion is also high on the list of conditionalities attached to a $6 billion International Monetary Fund bailout package (IMF) that cash-strapped Pakistan agreed to last month.
Pakistan’s history is littered with statements by incoming governments announcing crackdowns and pledging tax reforms that fizzle out because of a lack of political will to force the rich and powerful to pay taxes.
As of last year, only 1.6 million people filed tax returns in a country of 208 million. Out of them, 400,000 showed income below the levels that tax cuts in, another 200,000 had minimal tax, and only 950,000 paid tax of any significance.
“Just checked it out. Security is too weak. Should require payment by a card in the name of the payer — as email verification possible if mobile not in taxpayer name,” marketing consultant Assad Ahmad said on Twitter. “Just got my data without giving a phone number registered in my name and answering simple questions about family.”
Experts are similarly alarmed.
“When over 100 million Pakistani citizens were disclosing their private data to NADRA, the understanding was that NADRA would use it only for issuing them an identity card, and not betray them to the tax-man,” Umer Gilani, a lawyer who campaigns for the protection of privacy, told Arab News. “NADRA’s decision to merge its database with FBR’s database is unconstitutional. It violates the fundamental right to privacy guaranteed by Article 14 of Pakistan’s Constitution,” he said, adding that Pakistan’s courts had consistently ruled that the right to privacy extended to the privacy of people’s data.
Sharing NADRA data with tax authorities and uploading it on what he called “a low security online portal” breached confidentiality, and was unsafe, Gilani said.
The FBR insists the data is safe.
“We will ensure the security of the data,” FBR chief, Syed Shabbar Zaidi told reporters on Friday. “The data will be kept centralized at FBR headquarters, even away from regional tax offices,”
Few are not convinced.
“The concerns are that in the absence of data privacy laws, the data the government is collecting through different sources... where will it be utilized and who is authorized to use it?” Dr. Umair Javed, a professor of politics at Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), told Arab News.
According to Javed, the new Pakistan system has borrowed heavily from the blueprint of the United States’ Internal Revenue Services (IRS) which also employs different sources to collect data about citizens.
“Is the government prepared to guarantee its (data’s) security and privacy is the biggest question despite their good intentions and purpose,” he said.
A draft law for personal data protection is pending legislation since October last year, while the government has launched a huge online portal packed full of accessible citizen data with effectively no data privacy laws in place.
“In case of any security lapse, (there) would be dire consequences,” Badar Khushnood, Vice Chairman of the award-winning Pakistan Software Houses Association for IT and ITES (P@SHA), told Arab News. “The law should have been passed before launching the system for the clarity of data privacy,” he said.
Dr. Ikram ul Haq, a legal and taxation expert agreed.
“Security review by independent agencies renowned for awarding certifications is missing... There is no guarantee that data would not be misused or abused by the staff with access to it,” he said.
“It (profiling system) is a good thing, but it must be ensured that the information is not leaked and misused for extortion or... blackmailing,” said Dr. Mirza Ikhtiar Baig, Senior VP at the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry. “Our concern is that it could be leaked and harm any concerned individual.”
Fears of a massive data leak are not unwarranted. In 2018, a cyber-security services provider, the Pakistan Computer Emergency Response Team (PakCERT), reported 1,340 cases of website defacement and hacker attacks on Pakistani web domains (.pk).
“The .pk domain was attacked all over the world where it is being hosted or operated. The data only shows that websites were attacked and not necessarily reflect that the inside of the organizations’ systems were attacked,” Qazi Mohammad Misbahuddin Ahmed, CEO of PakCERT told Arab News. “If the security of the system is properly audited then there (is) no breach,” he said, adding that he assumed the government would have put security controls in place for the tax profiling portal.
There are additional concerns including that it might not take a sophisticated software hacker to break into the system, and that anybody with access to another person’s identity card could get hold of the information by paying a Rs.500 (approx $3) fee.
“The government has made it a source of making money by charging us for our own information,” P@SHA’s Badar Khushnood said. “By using NIC (national identity card) of any other person, anyone can get registered with the portal and get information,” he said, adding that the system could be useful in the documentation of the country’s vast informal economy only if its security protocols were made foolproof.
Pakistan’s new online tax profiling portal sparks data privacy fears
Pakistan’s new online tax profiling portal sparks data privacy fears
- Personal data of 53 million people uploaded to a new tax database accessible through a national ID card number
- Legal experts call the system unsafe, unconstitutional, in violation of privacy rights
Farshi Shalwar: Centuries-old staple of South Asian fashion makes Eid comeback in Pakistan
- Farshi shalwar is characterized by floor-length, flowing and wide, loose pants, creating a dramatic and graceful silhouette
- Stylists say trend dates back to the 17th century and was popular among noblewomen and courtesans of the Mughal era
KARACHI: A centuries-old staple of South Asian closets, the farshi shalwar, is back in Pakistan and ruling fashion trends this Eid Al-Fitr.
The word “farshi” comes from the Persian word “farsh,” meaning “floor,” and the farshi shalwar, particularly popular in Pakistan and northern India, is characterized by its floor-length, flowing and wide, loose pants, creating a dramatic and graceful silhouette.
“Right now, it’s the hottest trend,” fashion stylist and director Tabesh Khoja, popularly known as Khoji, told Arab News, saying he first styled a farshi shalwar in 2023 for the fashion label of model and actress Sadaf Kanwal.
“I styled Sadaf Kanwal actually and after that I have seen every other designer doing a farshi shalwar version of their own,” Khoja said.
No doubt, Kanwal seems to have played a key role in bringing the farshi shalwar back this Ramadan and Eid, with her label Sadaf Kanwal Fashion creating a number of outfits over the last two years featuring the baggy trousers.
“Throughout the [last] year, I shot so many collections of so many designers and all of those designers at least used to have two farshi shalwars for sure in their collections,” Khoja said. “So it took us an entire year to make it a fashion trend.”
According to the stylist, the trend dated back to the 17th century and was popular among noble women in the Mughal era. Modeled after the flowing gowns worn by British noblewomen, the complete outfit consists of three basic parts: a kurta or a long shirt, dupatta or long stole, and the third and most important, the farshi shalwar or pajama, a flowing two-legged trouser held by drawstrings that falls straight to the ankles from where it starts flaring and flowing copiously onto the floor, trailing as one walks.
In media, iconic movies such as Umrao Jaan (1981) and Shatranj Ke Khilari (1977) that depict Muslim culture of 19th-century Lucknow show noblewomen and royal courtesans wearing farshi shalwars.
“They had a variety of silhouettes in terms of a kurta or a jacket on top, among other things. The outfit has been there, the silhouette has been there since the 17th century but how you make it relevant now is very important,” Khoja added.
HOW TO STYLE A FARSHI SHALWAR?
According to Khoja, some of the popular ways to style the farshi shalwar include pairing it with a button down shirt and accessorizing it with different kinds of jewelry pieces and hairdos.
“You can dress it up or dress it down. Sadaf [Kanwal] uses big organza dupattas. You can do big shawls also like [actress] Mahira Khan wore [designer] Banto Kazmi’s when she got an award at the UK Parliament. So something of that sort also with a plain silhouette.”
Pakistani actress Tuba Anwar said celebrities had been wearing farshi shalwars since last year but the trend had “peaked” among the general public in recent months. For her, the fact that everyone would be wearing the baggy trousers this Eid reduced their appeal.
“I was planning to wear farshi shalwar on this Eid and then when everybody started discussing it, I was like ‘No, this is not what I’m going to wear because I have to do something very different’.”
When she wore farshi shalwars at all, Anwar said she preferred them in solid colors.
“In terms of styling, I would like to wear it with solid colors, not a lot of embroidery going on, not a lot of things or abstract things going on in the clothes that I am going to wear,” she said.
The farshi shalwar craze is not limited to women alone.
Actor and host Fahad Mustafa has donned the farshi shalwar look on his hit gaming show Jeeto Pakistan during Ramadan. Singer and songwriter Falak Shabbir has been seen in the outfit as well.
“It’s certainly not limited to women. Fahad Mustafa was of course wearing it on Jeeto Pakistan. I am going to wear it on Eid,” Khoja said. “So, you will see a lot of people of different sorts, male and female, wearing it.”
‘Who would feel like making new clothes?’: Bleak Eid for Afghans facing deportation from Pakistan
- Pakistan government has ordered Afghan Citizen Card holders to leave or face expulsion by Mar. 31, which falls on first day of Eid
- Ultimatum has left nearly 800,000 ACC holders grappling with the prospect of a forced return to a country many have never even visited
KARACHI: Until last year on the days before Eid Al-Fitr, the home of Zahra Arif, 20, used to be filled with laughter and the aroma of kulcha, qatlama, beef pulao and other traditional foods being prepared in anticipation of the religious holiday.
This year, the small apartment in which the family of ten lives on the outskirts of Pakistan’s megacity of Karachi was quiet and the air was tense. They are Afghan Citizen Card (ACC) holders, refugees granted temporary legal status in Pakistan in 2017 but whom the government ordered earlier this month to leave before Mar. 31 or face expulsion — a date that coincides with the first day of Eid this year.
“We haven’t made any preparations for this Eid because the situation is uncertain,” Arif, who was born and raised in Karachi and whose family has lived there for 35 years, told Arab News.
“They are expelling Afghans so who would feel like making new clothes for Eid?”
The move is part of a larger repatriation drive of ‘illegal foreigners’ that began in 2023, with over 884,261 Afghans expelled from Pakistan since, according to government figures. Authorities initially said they were first focusing on expelling foreigners with no legal documentation and other categories like ACC holders would be included later.
More than 800,000 Afghans hold an ACC in Pakistan, according to UN data. Another roughly 1.3 million are formally registered with the Pakistan government and hold a separate Proof of Residence (PoR) card, launched in 2006 to grant legal recognition and protection to Afghan refugees. In total, Pakistan has hosted over 2.8 million Afghan refugees who have crossed the border during 40 years of conflict in their homeland.
Islamabad has in the past blamed militant attacks and crimes on Afghan citizens, who form the largest portion of migrants in the country. The government says militants, especially from the Pakistan Taliban (TTP), are using safe havens in Afghanistan and links with Afghans residing in Pakistan to launch cross-border attacks. The ruling administration in Kabul has repeatedly rejected the accusations.
The latest deadline has left the nearly 800,000 ACC holders, including an estimated 65,000 in Karachi, grappling with the prospect of a forced return to a country many have never even visited.
“We have been living here for 30 to 35 years, how will we survive there,” said Arif, whose family comprises her parents, two brothers, five sisters, and herself. “There is no place for us there, no home, nothing.”
“EID HAS TURNED INTO POISON”
Arif also has other worries.
She fears for the career and higher education prospects for herself and her five sisters in Afghanistan, where over three years of Taliban rule has led to the “striking” erasure of women from public life, according to the UN.
Afghanistan is the only country in the world where secondary and higher education is strictly forbidden to girls and women. According to UNESCO data published last year, 1.4 million Afghan girls have been deliberately deprived of schooling. Access to primary education has also fallen sharply, with 1.1 million fewer girls and boys attending school.
Since the Taliban took power in 2021, professional opportunities for women have also been severely restricted. Many women lost their jobs and others were only allowed to continue if they worked from home. Any woman who still has a job has to be accompanied on their journey to work by a male relative.
Arif, who completed her high-school in Karachi, had dreams of pursuing a career in IT but now believes all her efforts were in vain.
“I have taken computer courses and was thinking of doing a freelancing course but how will I do that there?” she asked. “The twelve years of education I completed here, my intermediate degree, everything will be useless there.”
Idrees Khan, a 25-year-old Afghan refugee who was born in Pakistan and sells French fries at a roadside stall, also wondered what he would do in Afghanistan, a country he has never visited and where he had heard there were few jobs and future prospects.
“For us, Pakistan has always felt like our country but now, on Eid, they are telling us to leave. This is distressing,” he said. “If they had given us some time to process and prepare, it would have been better for everyone. But forcing us to leave now is inappropriate.”
Hajji Abdullah Shah Bukhari, a community elder who represents Afghan refugees in the southern Sindh province, said he was “still in shock” over the government’s decision to expel ACC holders.
“Pakistan has hosted Afghan refugees for 47 years and we are grateful for this hospitality, but the recent announcement of expelling us is heartbreaking.”
The government’s decision was taking an “emotional toll” on the community ahead of the Eid holiday, the community leader said.
“A year ago, around this time, people would be buying clothes and essentials for their children to celebrate Eid,” he said. “But now, if you look inside any Afghan household, you will see people shedding tears of blood, wondering what to do.”
Bukhari urged Islamabad to reconsider its policy and engage with Afghan authorities on any issues between the two governments.
“Why doesn’t the Islamic Republic of Pakistan negotiate with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan?” he asked. “Afghan refugees are not involved in the policies of either Afghanistan or Pakistan. We have always remained away from politics, but what is happening to us now is injustice.”
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) also expressed concerns.
“We have seen and are aware of the [Pakistani] government’s plans regarding ACC holders,” Qaiser Khan Afridi, a UNHCR spokesperson in Pakistan, told Arab News.
“UNHCR is concerned regarding the latest directive, as among the Afghan Citizen Card-holders there may be individuals requiring international protection.”
Afridi called for a humanitarian approach and urged dialogue between Pakistan and Afghanistan:
“It is imperative that returns are voluntary and dignified so that reintegration in Afghanistan is sustainable.”
A statement from the government on Sunday said “no mistreatment will occur during the [repatriation] process,” adding that arrangements had been made for food and health facilities for those returning.
But amid the fear and uncertainty, Gul Jan, a 53-year-old refugee with 11 children and an ailing husband, pleaded for compassion from the authorities.
“This Eid has now become a sorrow for us, it has turned into poison,” she said. “But if the government’s word changes now, then any regular day will be Eid for us.”
Pakistan’s Usman Khan ruled out of second ODI against New Zealand
- The 29-year-old opening batter sustained a hamstring injury while fielding in the first match against New Zealand on Friday
- New Zealand eased to a 73-run win over Pakistan after Mark Chapman struck a sublime century, Nathan Smith claimed four wickets
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan have ruled out opener Usman Khan from the second one-day international (ODI) against New Zealand owing to a hamstring injury, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) said on Sunday.
The 29-year-old opening batter sustained the injury while fielding during his side’s first ODI against New Zealand at the Mclean Park in Napier on Friday.
“The MRI scan confirmed a Low-Grade tear, making Usman unavailable for second ODI scheduled on 2 April at Seddon Park in Hamilton,” the PCB said.
New Zealand eased to a 73-run win over Pakistan in the first ODI after Mark Chapman struck a sublime century and Nathan Smith claimed four wickets.
The recalled Babar Azam top-scored for Pakistan with 78 off 83 balls but it was his dismissal that started the rot.
Both teams feature numerous changes to those who played out a five-match T20 series, won 4-1 by New Zealand.
Pakistan’s decision to expel refugees has ‘shaken’ Afghan community, UNHCR official says
- Islamabad has set a deadline of Mar. 31 for registered Afghan refugees to leave Pakistan
- The UNHCR official calls on world to share responsibility, says ‘stability comes at a cost’
KARACHI: A top official of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Pakistan on Sunday said Islamabad’s decision to expel refugees has “shaken” the Afghan community in the country, urging the international community to keep step up and share the responsibility.
Pakistan this month announced that that Afghan Citizen Card (ACC) holders must leave the country by March 31, which coincides with Eid Al-Fitr. According to UN data, Pakistan hosts more than 2.8 million Afghans, many of whom fled decades of war and instability in their home country. Around 1.3 million of them are formally registered as refugees and hold Proof of Registration (PoR) cards, which grant them legal protections.
Another 800,000 Afghans possess ACCs, a separate identity document issued by the Pakistani government that recognizes them as Afghan nationals without offering refugee status, according to the UNHCR. With the government now requiring ACC holders to leave by March 31, these 800,000 Afghans face the prospect of being forcibly returned to a country many have never even seen.
“For nearly five decades, millions of Afghans have come and gone from Pakistan, fleeing waves of violence since 1979 and returning home under mixed circumstances over the years. Some have chosen to repatriate voluntarily, while others have felt compelled to do so,” UNHCR representative in Pakistan Philippa Candler said on Sunday.
“Recent Government announcements about departure deadlines have again shaken the Afghan community in Pakistan.”
The move is part of a larger repatriation drive for foreign citizens that began in 2023, following a string of suicide attacks that Islamabad said involved a number of Afghan nationals. Over 800,000 Afghans have since been expelled from Pakistan.
In 2023, the Pakistani government said it was first focusing on expelling foreigners with no legal documentation and other categories like ACC holders would be included later.
Candler said it was “heartbreaking” to see how fearful these ACC-holders are of their forced return, adding that “their hopes and dreams have been shattered.”
She said Pakistan’s continued support for Afghan refugees, who have become woven into the fabric of Pakistan’s society, is “admirable” but undeniably a challenge for the host state.
“Healthcare, education, and other public services are often overburdened, and host communities are feeling the strain. Pakistan is stuck in a tough spot – balancing the needs of its own people, dealing with a growing security challenge, and shouldering the financial impact of hosting refugees,” she said.
“At the same time, the world expects Pakistan to keep delivering. The international community needs to keep stepping up and acknowledge that this stability comes at a cost, and that the responsibility must be shared.”
The situation requires a multifaceted approach, according to the UNHCR official. Pakistan and Afghanistan must work together to make sure that Afghan refugees can voluntarily and safely return home.
She called for a “sustainable return” of Afghan refugees, saying that many of those forced to return in 2023 were back in Pakistan again.
“Sustainable return means creating a peaceful and secure environment in Afghanistan, so refugees don’t have to fear persecution or discrimination when they go back. For Afghans who cannot return safely for the moment, efforts must be made in Pakistan to expand access to education, health care, and employment opportunities, while also granting them legal recognition and protection under international refugee law,” Candler said.
“The international community has a significant role to play. The responsibility on Pakistan should not be borne alone. Humanitarian aid needs to continue, not just to provide short-term relief but to support long-term development programs. Promises were made for the relocation of Afghans who entered the country since 2021. While many Afghans have left to third countries, thousands still remain in limbo in Pakistan. UNHCR is calling for their speedy departures, which means a durable solution and stability for the refugees.”
Middle class families head to Karachi’s Kagzi Bazar for ‘affordable’ shopping on eve of Eid
- 50-year-old market is located in densely populated area of old city of Karachi
- Buyers and sellers both say prices are more affordable than at other markets
KARACHI: Amid Ramadan price hikes and low wage growth across households on the eve of Eid Al-Fitr, there is one safe haven for middle- and working-class shoppers in the Pakistani megacity of Karachi: Kagzi Bazar.
The at least 50-year-old market in the heart of old Karachi, one of the most densely populated areas in the city of over 20 million people, offers a wide range of goods including clothes, jewelry, footwear, bangles, hand bags and other accessories at affordable prices, buyers and sellers told Arab News ahead of the Eid Al-Fitr holiday.
The Pakistan government has announced Eid holidays from Monday, Mar. 31 to Wednesday, Apr. 2.
“It’s comfortable for us in terms of affordability. This market is within our budget, we can’t go to other markets,” Zainab Shafiq, a housewife and mother of two who has been shopping at Kagzi Bazar since she was a child, told Arab News.
“My entire family, including my in-laws as well as my own family, shop here,” she added as she browsed through glittery sandals and bangles at a roadside stall.
Pakistan was beset by inflation above 20 percent since May 2022, registering a high of 38 percent in May 2023, as it navigated reforms under an International Monetary Fund bailout program. While the annual inflation rate slowed to 1.5 percent this February, the lowest in nearly a decade, and the prices of goods are now rising more slowly, the cost of living has not become more affordable in the absence of wage growth for most households.
That is why many middle class and low-income families turn to Kagzi Bazar for Eid shopping over other markets like Tariq Road and Gulf Market in Karachi.
“The prices here are quite reasonable compared to other markets, that’s why we shop here,” 9th grader Mehek Fatima, who was visiting the market with her mother, said.
“Malls have the same variety but the prices here are reasonable compared to them.”
Mohammad Haroon Abdullah, who has been running a garment shop in Kagzi Bazar for the last 25 years, said people visited the market from different parts of Karachi and even from outside the Sindh province because of cheaper rates.
“The entire Balochistan, interior Sindh [provinces] come to shop here,” he said. “The entire Lyari [neighborhood], customers from Keamari, Saddar, New Karachi and so many other localities come to us. Even people who have shifted from this locality come from Soldier Bazar and Garden.”
Indeed, the low prices have been bringing loyal customers to Kagzi Bazar for decades.
“He is more like my brother,” Shenila Abdul Ghaffar told Arab News, pointing toward the owner of a cosmetics shop.
“For almost 28 years, I have been coming to this shop and buying everything from here. My children, daughter-in-law, everyone shops here,” she added.
“At a time when inflation rate is high, it’s easier for us to adjust with our budget here.”
