ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has repatriated nearly 800,000 Afghan nationals that were residing in the country ‘illegally,’ according to government figures released on Wednesday, a year after the launch of a deportation drive that has drawn widespread criticism from international governments and rights organizations.

Authorities began expelling foreigners living in the country illegally from Nov. 1, 2023, following a spike in suicide bombings which the Pakistan government says were carried out by Afghan nationals or by militants who cross over into Pakistan from neighboring Afghanistan. Islamabad has also blamed illegal Afghan immigrants and refugees for involvement in smuggling and other crimes. The Taliban government in Kabul says Pakistan’s security and other challenges are a domestic issue and cannot be blamed on the neighbor. 

A cash-strapped Pakistan that was navigating record inflation, alongside a tough International Monetary Fund bailout program last year, had also said at the time it announced the deportation drive that undocumented migrants had drained its resources for decades and it could no longer afford to house them.

“Repatriation of Afghans residing illegally in Pakistan is continuing,” state broadcaster Radio Pakistan reported on Wednesday as it shared latest figures of the deportation drive. “The total figure of returnees has reached 799,208.”

Until the government initiated the expulsion drive last year, Pakistan was home to over four million Afghan migrants and refugees out of which around 1.7 million were undocumented. 

Afghans make up the largest portion of migrants, many of whom came after the Taliban took over Kabul in 2021, but a large number have been present since the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

Islamabad insists the deportation drive is not aimed at any particular nationality but at all ‘illegal aliens’ but the drive has disproportionately hit Afghans. 

Last July, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced an extension for expired UNHCR-issued Proof of Registration (PoR) cards given to almost 1.5 million Afghans for a year after the UN refugee commissioner asked for a pause in the country’s plan to repatriate refugees. The cards, which the UN describes as a “critical” identity document, would now be valid until June 30, 2025.

In October 2023, when Pakistan announced phase one of the “Illegal Foreigners’ Repatriation Plan,” it gave a 30-day deadline for “undocumented” aliens to leave the country or be subject to deportation, putting 1.4 million Afghan refugees at risk.

In phase two of the “repatriation plan,” around 600,00 Afghans who hold Pakistan-issued Afghan citizenship cards (ACCs) will be expelled while phase three will target those with Proof of Registration cards.

The deportation drive has also effected trade and the flow of people between Pakistan and Afghanistan. 

Before the repatriation plan, Pashtun tribes straddling both sides of the British-era border’s Durand Line historically moved freely for businesses and communal life. But since last year, for the first time since the border was drawn over a century ago, Pakistani authorities are requiring residents to show a passport and visa before crossing over, paperwork virtually none of them possess. Previously, residents living in border towns could pass through using only their Pakistan national identity cards.

The deportation drive and border restrictions have also led to a spike in tensions between Pakistan and the Taliban rulers in Afghanistan. The Taliban deny militants are using Afghan soil to launch attacks or that Afghans are involved in militancy in Pakistan.

SEDAVI: Francisco Murgui went out to try to salvage his motorbike when the water started to rise.
He never came back.
One week after catastrophic flooding devastated eastern Spain, María Murgui still holds out hope that her missing father is alive.
“He was like many people in town who went out to get their car or motorbike to safety,” the 27-year-old told The Associated Press. “The flash flood caught him outside, and he had to cling to a tree in order to escape drowning. He called us to tell us he was fine, that we shouldn’t worry.”
But when María set out into the streets of Sedaví to try to rescue him from the water washing away everything in its path, he was nowhere to be found.
“He held up until 1 in the morning,” she said. “By 2, I went outside with a neighbor and a rope to try to locate him. But we couldn’t find him. And since then, we haven’t heard anything about him.”
Spanish authorities issued their first tally of the missing on Tuesday when a Valencia court said that 89 people are confirmed to be unaccounted for.
The number only corresponds to the eastern Valencia region, where 211 of the 217 confirmed deaths took place when entire communities were swamped by tsunami-like floods on Oct. 29-30. Most people were caught off guard by the deluge. Regional authorities have been heavily criticized for having issued alerts to mobile phones some two hours after the disaster had started.
The Superior Court of Valencia said that the figure was based on those cases whereby families had provided information and biological samples of their unlocated loved ones. It added that there could easily be more missing people whose families have not officially reported to authorities.
The court said that 133 of the dead had been identified using fingerprints or DNA samples. Another 62 bodies remained unidentified.
Spanish state broadcaster RTVE has shown a steady stream of appeals by people searching for family members.
María Murgui herself has posted a missing person’s message on social media with a photo of her father, a 57-year-old retiree.
“This is like riding a rollercoaster. Sometimes I feel very bad and sometimes I feel better. I try to stay positive,” she said. “This truly is madness. We don’t know what else to do. Neither does anybody else in town.”
Central government passes relief package
Meanwhile, the gargantuan recovery efforts in Sedaví and dozens of other communities slowly moved forward.
The central government on Tuesday approved a 10.6-billion-euro ($11.6-billion) relief package for 78 communities where at least one person has died from the floods. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez compared it to the measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The package includes direct payments of 20,000 euros to 60,000 euros ($21,800-65,000) to owners of damaged homes, and financial aid for businesses and municipal governments.
“We have a lot of work left to do, and we know it,” Sánchez said.
Sánchez said he will ask the European Union to help pay for the relief, saying “it is time for the European Union to help.”
Many people are still without basic goods amid scenes of devastation
The floods have left behind post-apocalyptic scenes.
In town after town, streets are still covered with thick brown mud and mounds of ruined belongings, clumps of rotting vegetation and wrecked vehicles. A stench arises from the muck.
In many places, people still face shortages of basic goods, and lines form at impromptu emergency kitchens and stands handing out food. Water is running again but authorities say it is not fit for drinking.
The ground floors of thousands of homes have been ruined. It is feared that inside some of the vehicles that were washed away or trapped in underground garages there could be bodies waiting to be recovered.
Thousands of soldiers are working with firefighters and police reinforcements in the immense emergency response. Officers and troops are searching in destroyed homes, and in the countless cars strewn across highways and streets or lodged in the mud in canals and gorges.
Authorities are worried about other health problems in the aftermath of the deadliest natural disaster in Spain’s recent history. They have urged people to get tetanus shots, to treat any wounds to prevent infections and to clean the mud from their skin. Many people wear face masks.
Thousands of volunteers are helping out, but frustration over the crisis management boiled over on Sunday when a crowd in hard-hit Paiporta hurled mud and other objects at Spain’s royals, Sánchez and regional officials. It was their first visit to the epicenter of the flood damage.