Oslo Accords’ peace promise

The peace with Egypt went cold as criticism continued to mount from other Arab countries that Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat had “sold out” the Palestinians and the Arab cause. (Getty Images)
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Updated 10 May 2020
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Oslo Accords’ peace promise

Hope arising from the landmark deal was quickly cut short by violence, including the killing of Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin

Summary

After the excitement of the Egyptian-Israel peace accords of 1978 and 1979 tapered off, there was an 11-year lull in which peace was stymied. Jordan refused to negotiate with Israel without the latter first agreeing to recognize Palestinian rights. Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin refused to recognize Palestinian rights. The peace with Egypt went cold as criticism continued to mount from other Arab countries that Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat had “sold out” the Palestinians and the Arab cause.

Then came an intervention by US President George H.W. Bush, who sought to capitalize on goodwill in the region after forcing Iraq’s Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait during the Gulf War on Feb. 28, 1991. Using friendships among Gulf Arab countries, Bush spoke about the concept of “territory for peace” and also the “fulfilment of Palestinian rights.”

It wasn’t until Yitzhak Rabin was elected Israel prime minister in 1992 that serious discussions began directly between Israelis and Palestinians leading up to the Oslo Accords, signed in September 1993.

Chicago: As a Palestinian, I grew up under the shadow of the pain and suffering of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Israeli violence during the 1947 and 1948 war forced my father’s family tflee their homes in West Jerusalem and live for more than two years in the squalor of a refugee camp in Jordan until my father could help bring them to the US in 1951.

My mother and her family in Bethlehem were forced to suffer through constant Israeli military assaults after the war, even though they lived under Jordanian control and there was an uncertainty about whether they could survive. They fled to the sanctuary and welcoming arms of the diaspora, living in Colombia and Venezuela.

They lost much. And until today, more than 10 acres of family land on my mother’s side adjacent to the Israel settlement of Gilo remains under Israeli control and outside our reach simply because we are Christian Palestinians, not Jews.

That cumulative weight of suffering was lifted from me as I sat and watched my hero, Yasser Arafat, shake the hand of our oppressor, Yitzhak Rabin, during the signing of the Oslo Peace Accords at the White House on Sept. 13, 1993.

Rabin was a monster to Palestinians. In January 1988, as a general, Rabin ordered his soldiers to “break the bones” of Palestinian civilians identified as “inciters” at protests against Israeli policy. Rabin was never charged, but his lower-ranking officers faced a public outcry that was covered up by Israel’s government and the pro-Israel news media.

Yet, we were willing to set that aside for an Israeli who was willing for the first time to recognize Palestinians as a people — a people denied by all of his predecessors, including Golda Meir, a Milwaukee school teacher who became an immigrant prime minister and once cruelly declared the Palestinians “did not exist.”

Yet on Sept. 13, 1993, we were willing to put the pain of the past aside and move forward with a new beginning at “a great occasion of history and hope,” as President Bill Clinton declared at the opening of the momentous event.

I remember grabbing a chunk of grass from the White House lawn in front of the stage as a souvenir to place in the program that was distributed to Palestinians and Israelis.

We all sat near each other in different groups and sections, Jews and Arabs, with relief as the ceremony began.

Key Dates


  • 1

    March 6, 1991: After the Gulf War, President George H.W. Bush steps up US involvement in the Middle East, including championing an Arab-Israeli treaty based on the “territory-for-peace” and fulfilment of Palestinian rights. Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, 1991: At the Madrid Peace Conference, US Secretary of State James Baker invites Israel to meet with representatives of several Arab countries to pursue peace and establish self-rule for the Palestinians. Israel objects to direct talks with the PLO, and Palestinians from the Occupied West Bank partner with the Jordanian delegation to explore peace prospects. July 13, 1992: Yitzhak Rabin is elected prime minister and vows to progress with peace negotiations and the establishment of Palestinian self-rule, but enters into secret, direct talks with the PLO in Norway. Sept. 13, 1993: With President Bill Clinton hosting, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin begin the process of Palestinian self-government, with the Palestinians recognizing Israel and Israel recognizing the PLO and the establishment of the Palestine National Authority. The agreement is signed by Mahmoud Abbas and Shimon Peres. Oct. 14, 1994: The Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize to Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres for signing the Oslo Accords. Oct. 26, 1994: Progress with the Palestinians opens the door to a peace agreement between Israel and Jordan in a ceremony in the Arava Valley, north of Eilat in Israel and near the Jordanian border. Feb. 25, 1994: American-born Benjamin “Baruch” Goldstein, wearing an Israeli military uniform and carrying an automatic weapon, enters Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron and massacres 29 Muslims as they pray, wounding 125 others. April 6, 1994: On Israel’s Holocaust Memorial Day, a Hamas suicide bomber kills eight Israelis and injures 55 others. Nov. 4, 1995 Yitzhak Rabin is shot by an Israeli extremist who Rabin’s family claim is a follower of the right-wing extremist politics of Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu. Rabin dies the following morning.


  • 2

    The first intifada erupts after an Israeli truck strikes a Palestinian station wagon carrying Palestinian workers into the Gaza Strip near the Jabalaya refugee camp. The intifada brings widespread violence and disruption to Israeli lives in Gaza, the West Bank and in Israel.


  • 3

    At the Madrid Peace Conference, US Secretary of State James Baker invites Israel to meet with representatives of several Arab countries to pursue peace and establish self-rule for the Palestinians. Israel objects to direct talks with the PLO, and Palestinians from the Occupied West Bank partner with the Jordanian delegation to explore peace prospects.

    Timeline Image Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, 1991


  • 4

    Yitzhak Rabin is elected prime minister and vows to progress with peace negotiations and the establishment of Palestinian self-rule, but enters into secret, direct talks with the PLO in Norway.


  • 5

    With President Bill Clinton hosting, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin begin the process of Palestinian self-government, with the Palestinians recognizing Israel and Israel recognizing the PLO and the establishment of the Palestine National Authority. The agreement is signed by Mahmoud Abbas and Shimon Peres.


  • 6

    The Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize to Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres for signing the Oslo Accords.

    Timeline Image Oct. 14, 1994


  • 7

    Progress with the Palestinians opens the door to a peace agreement between Israel and Jordan in a ceremony in the Arava Valley, north of Eilat in Israel and near the Jordanian border.


  • 8

    American-born Benjamin “Baruch” Goldstein, wearing an Israeli military uniform and carrying an automatic weapon, enters Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron and massacres 29 Muslims as they pray, wounding 125 others.


  • 9

    On Israel’s Holocaust Memorial Day, a Hamas suicide bomber kills eight Israelis and injures 55 others.


  • 10

    Yitzhak Rabin is shot by an Israeli extremist who Rabin’s family claim is a follower of the right-wing extremist politics of Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu. Rabin dies the following morning.

    Timeline Image Nov. 4, 1995

The actual peace documents were signed by Israel’s Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and the Palestine Liberation Organization’s Mahmoud Abbas as Clinton, his Russian counterpart, Rabin and Arafat looked on. Then, with Rabin on his right and Arafat on his left, Clinton nudged the two leaders together and they shook hands.

The Oslo Peace Accords included recognition of certain rights. The Palestinians openly recognized Israel’s “right to exist,” a major concession at the time, while Israel only recognized that Palestinians would have a process leading to limited self-rule.

Under the agreement, Israel never agreed to recognize Palestinian statehood, but instead vaguely defined Palestinian self-government in the occupied territories and to withdraw its armed forces from much, but not all, of the West Bank.

It was a foundation for a promise that would lead to the creation of a Palestinian state in five years, but that was never written down or documented. It was interpreted.

And yet that was such an overwhelming relief for many, including my family. My wife is Jewish, and we traveled through Israel and Palestine
between 1994 and 1995. Although the agreement did not spell out true freedom, it created an atmosphere of hope. Palestinians and Israelis, for the first time, got to know each other as potential friends, not enemies.

But the peace that Oslo promised was quickly cut short, in a large part because of the violence by Israeli fanatics that sparked Palestinian outrage and counter-violence.
After shaking Arafat’s hand, Rabin declared: “We who have fought against you, the Palestinians, we say to you today, in a loud and a clear voice, enough of blood and tears ... enough!”

He should have spoken to his own people, though.

“Goosebumps, it was one of those events that gives you goosebumps,” said one excited observer at the American Embassy (in Riyadh) where a delegation of dignitaries, academics, and journalists viewed the momentous signing.”

Afshin Molavi in Arab News, Sept. 14, 1993

On Feb. 25, 1994, only five months after the Oslo signing, Chicago Dr. Benjamin “Baruch” Goldstein, wearing an Israeli military uniform and carrying an automatic weapon, entered the Ibrahimi Mosque and massacred 29 Muslims as they prayed, wounding 125 others.

The massacre prompted a wave of suicide bombings by Hamas militants opposed to the peace process, beginning with an attack at a bus stop in Afula on April 6, 1994, designated by the Israelis as “Holocaust Memorial Day,” that killed eight Israelis and injured 55 others. It was considered the first suicide attack, although there had been three other attacks, one during the intifada on July 6, 1989, and two in April and October 1993.




A page from the Arab News archive showig the news on Sept. 14, 1993.

A 27-year-old disciple of Benjamin Netanyahu, Yigal Amir, of the far-right Israeli group Eyal, assassinated Rabin, shooting him in the arm and back following a peace rally on Nov. 4, 1995. Eyal confessed that he killed the Israeli leader because he wanted “to give our country to the Arabs.” Rabin’s widow, Leah, blamed Netanyahu and Israeli extremists for Amir’s actions.

The peace quickly unraveled. Israeli and Palestinian extremists who both opposed compromise escalated their violence. Eventually, Ariel Sharon and Netanyahu took control of the country, quickly peeling back the Oslo promises.

But I will never forget one memory driving with my wife through the Jordan Valley at an Israeli checkpoint in the summer of 1995. The Israeli soldiers handed us a flower and were curious that a Palestinian and a Jew would marry.

“You’re the future,” the Israeli soldier said with a smile.

It was one of the last smiles I would ever see on the face of an Israeli soldier again.

  • Ray Hanania, Arab News’ correspondent in Chicago, was invited by President Bill Clinton to help promote the Oslo Peace Accords to Palestinian and Arab Americans, meeting with Clinton, Rabin and Arafat, and witnessed the Oslo signing with other Jews and Arabs seated on the White House lawn.


OIC discusses draft humanitarian funds statute

Updated 4 min 45 sec ago
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OIC discusses draft humanitarian funds statute

  • It discussed the draft humanitarian funds statute
  • Taha added that it was important to make every effort to finalize the statute of these funds

JEDDAH: The general secretariat of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation held a meeting of the open-ended Group of Governmental Experts in Jeddah on Thursday.
It discussed the draft humanitarian funds statute, in accordance with the Council of Foreign Ministers.
OIC Secretary-General Hussein Ibrahim Taha said that the meeting was held amid difficult and harsh humanitarian circumstances that required concerted efforts and collective action to adopt actions to help contain humanitarian crises and hardships.
In his speech, Taha added that it was important to make every effort to finalize the statute of these funds, undertake the necessary reforms to their working mechanism and support them with the financial resources to enable them to fulfil their role.
The statement delivered by assistant secretary-general for humanitarian, cultural and social affairs, ambassador Tariq Ali Bakhit, on behalf of OIC’s secretary-general, highlighted the significant challenges faced by member states in the humanitarian field.


GWM celebrates 27 years in Middle East with key milestones

Updated 10 min 51 sec ago
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GWM celebrates 27 years in Middle East with key milestones

To celebrate its 27-year presence in the Middle East, GWM organized three major events in Saudi Arabia: GWM DAY at the Jeddah International Motor Show, GWM Partner Day for the Regional Dealer Conference, and GWM Family Day for the opening of its flagship store in Riyadh. 

The events highlighted GWM's strategic position in the region and its commitment to technological innovation, cooperation, and brand development.

GWM has been working with users and partners in the Middle East to build a promising future through diverse strategies and strong products.

On Oct. 29, GWM made a stunning appearance at the Jeddah International Motor Show.

In front of media, dealer partners, and over 200 guests, GWM's International President, Parker, launched the Home Care plan, highlighting GWM's commitment to treating the Middle East as home and prioritizing care and service for local users.

The flagship models — the GWM Tank 700 and the all new HAVAL H9 — gained attention, underscoring GWM's leadership in the off-road market.

Also, GWM set up an outdoor area for rugged off-roading and family outings, drawing many eager spectators and families.

At the Jeddah motor show, GWM held the Middle East and Africa regional Dealer Conference, attracting over 80 partners from the region.

Dealers engaged in in-depth discussions with GWM management about the brand's future development strategy and the importance of parts support and service operations in enhancing market share and brand reputation.

The following day, dealer representatives visited a 11,000-square-meter warehouse in southern Jeddah to learn more about the parts policies.

The warehouse ensures quick repairs and efficient after-sales service while serving as a key pillar of GWM's localized operations, reflecting its strong commitment to users.

Meanwhile, on Oct. 31, 2024, GWM held a grand opening ceremony for its flagship store in Riyadh, covering 6,000 square meters.

This store is GWM's largest in the Middle East and serves as a platform for deep interaction between the brand and its users.

GWM hosted the GWM Family Day at the flagship store, uniting users and guests to share their experiences with the brand.

Influencers from automotive, photography, and outdoor fields shared their journeys with GWM vehicles.

They also engaged users in an interactive quiz about the brand, strengthening the emotional connection with customers.

This event enhanced brand recognition and a sense of belonging, creating unforgettable experiences for users and fans.

Under the slogan "Go with Middle East, Go with More," GWM is building a stronger brand ecosystem.

The Jeddah motor show showcased GWM's robust products, the Dealer Conference advanced regional cooperation, and the opening of the Riyadh flagship store elevated the co-creation experience with users.

GWM looks forward to exploring new possibilities with Middle Eastern customers and sharing exciting journeys together.


Saudi Arabia launches company to transform Asir into global tourism hub

Updated 11 min 47 sec ago
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Saudi Arabia launches company to transform Asir into global tourism hub

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s Asir region has launched a new tourism venture through a partnership with the aim of creating a holding company to transform the area into a global tourist destination.

The collaboration between Aseer Investment Co., a subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund, and Rikaz Real Estate, aligns with the goal of transforming Asir into a world-class tourist destination that combines authentic heritage with sustainable development, according to the Saudi Press Agency.

The holding company seeks to contribute to enhancing a tourism environment that enriches guests’ experiences with unique offerings, connecting visitors to local culture and community traditions, SPA reported.

It is also committed to promoting sustainable tourism by protecting the environment, developing local communities, and collaborating with artisans and local businesses to preserve the authenticity of Asir’s heritage.

In October, the Kingdom’s Abha city secured a new investment partnership to boost tourism by developing culturally rich dining and retail experiences. 

PIF firm Aseer Investment Co. signed the deal with Nimr Real Estate and the National Co. for Tourism, or Syahya, to propel the project, the Saudi Press Agency reported. 

This aligns with the objectives of developing Abha, which will offer a range of benefits, including retail stores that reflect the cultural heritage of the Asir region.

The partnership also seeks to be a model for multiple collaborations with private sector investors and create more regional job opportunities.

Investments in the region are expected to create between 14,000 and 18,000 job prospects and contribute to up to 6 percent of the non-oil gross domestic product within 10 years, as outlined by AIC Chief Executive Osama Al-Othman in February.

Saudi Arabia emerged as a leader in tourism growth among G20 nations, experiencing a 73 percent increase in international visitors in the first seven months of 2024 compared to 2019.

According to the UN World Tourism Barometer report in September, the Kingdom welcomed 17.5 million international tourists during this timeframe, showcasing its growing allure as a global travel destination.

This surge is part of the nation’s Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on oil revenues.

“Saudi Arabia cements its global leadership and takes the first spot among G20 countries in international tourist arrivals growth, with a 73 percent increase in the first seven months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2019,” stated the Saudi Tourism Ministry on X.

Under the National Tourism Strategy, the Kingdom aims to attract 150 million visitors by 2030 and increase the sector’s contribution to the nation’s gross domestic product from 6 percent to 10 percent.

These goals reflect the country’s commitment to strengthening its tourism sector and enhancing its global appeal.


KSrelief distributes shelter supplies in Afghanistan

Updated 35 sec ago
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KSrelief distributes shelter supplies in Afghanistan

  • KSrelief will distribute 4,882 shelter items, such as tents, blankets, plastic mattresses and other supplies

KABUL: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Center has launched a shelter project for people returning from Pakistan to Afghanistan and victims of the 2024 floods.

It will distribute 4,882 shelter items, such as tents, blankets, plastic mattresses and other supplies across the provinces of Kabul, Ghazni, Bamyan, Badakhshan, Kunduz, Baghlan, Parwan, Kapisa, Panjshir, Herat, Nimroz, Nangarhar and Laghman. The project will help 29,292 people.

The scheme is part of the Kingdom’s humanitarian and relief efforts, through its humanitarian arm, KSrelief, to alleviate the suffering of the Afghan people.


UEFA investigates English ref Coote over footage of alleged drug use at Euro 2024

Updated 12 min 11 sec ago
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UEFA investigates English ref Coote over footage of alleged drug use at Euro 2024

  • “A UEFA ethics and disciplinary inspector has been appointed to evaluate a potential violation of the UEFA disciplinary regulations by the referee, Mr. David Coote,” UEFA said
  • The report said the incident was filmed one day after Coote’s last match duty, the quarterfinal between France and Portugal

NYON: UEFA started another investigation into English match official David Coote on Thursday after a video allegedly showed him using cocaine during the European Championship.
“A UEFA ethics and disciplinary inspector has been appointed to evaluate a potential violation of the UEFA disciplinary regulations by the referee, Mr. David Coote,” UEFA said in a statement.
Coote worked as a video review specialist at Euro 2024, where match officials stayed at a hotel near Frankfurt. He was an assistant supporting the lead VAR official at eight games.
British daily The Sun published a video late Wednesday appearing to show Coote snorting the drug using an American banknote.
The report said the incident was filmed one day after Coote’s last match duty, the quarterfinal between France and Portugal. France won a penalty shootout after a 0-0 draw.
Coote was suspended on Monday by the English match referees body after a different cellphone video circulated of him making offensive comments with friends about former Liverpool manager Jürgen Klopp. That body and the English FA started investigations.
UEFA already withdrew Coote from match duty for national team games this week after the first video was published.
The games he worked at Euro 2024 included host Germany’s 2-0 win over Denmark in the round of 16 that included a controversial penalty award for handball. The lead VAR official at that game, Stuart Attwell, was involved in some of the tournament’s most debated decisions.