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Dr. Dania Koleilat Khatib

How Lebanon can avert threat of new civil war

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Lebanon’s PM-designate visits Beirut blast sites, vows recovery

Prime Minister-designate Mustapha Adib, meets with Lebanon’s President Michel Aoun and Lebanese Speaker of the Parliament Nabih Berri at the presidential palace in Baabda on August 31, 2020. (Reuters)
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Updated 31 August 2020
NAJIA HOUSSARI
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Lebanon’s PM-designate visits Beirut blast sites, vows recovery

  • Mustapha Adib is former ambassador to Germany
Updated 31 August 2020
NAJIA HOUSSARI

BEIRUT: Lebanon’s prime minister-designate on Monday visited areas devastated by a huge blast in the capital and pledged to “put the country on the right path,” having secured support from a majority of lawmakers to form a new government.

Mustapha Adib, Lebanon’s 48-year-old ambassador to Germany, was nominated as prime minister by 90 MPs.

The previous government resigned following the explosion at the Port of Beirut and Abid must form a new one. He is also tasked with resolving the country’s economic and financial crises and tackling the coronavirus pandemic.

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Adib announced from the Presidential Palace that he would select a working group of specialists to form his government and start work quickly to “put the country on the right path.”

“In these difficult circumstances our country is going through, there is no time for talk, promises and wishes,” he said. “It is a time for action for the recovery of our country because the concern is great for all Lebanese. I have accepted the mission and the opportunity in front of our country is narrow, and all the (political) blocs must be aware of that. I tell the Lebanese that we are destined to overcome sorrows and pains and to rise again, and we believe that our country will rise again.”

He asked the Lebanese people to wish him luck in his mission.

One of his first jobs was to visit areas destroyed or damaged by the disaster on Aug. 4, when 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate exploded in a warehouse and wiped out parts of the city. At least 190 people have died, thousands have been wounded and hundreds of thousands have been displaced from their homes.




Lebanon's newly-appointed Prime Minister Mustapha Adib (C) visits Beirut's badly-hit Gemmayzeh neighborhood. (AFP)

He walked with guards in the streets of Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael, talking to people to check on their well-being and promising them that he would work with the government as soon as it was formed to “accelerate investigations” and either restore their residences or expedite their return home.

Reactions to his visit were mixed. Some told him of their plight, while others rejected him or demanded to know the truth behind the explosion in honor of those who had died. 

Adib, who was ambassador to Germany from 2013, holds a doctorate in law and political science. He began his career as a professor of international law, constitutional law, geopolitics and international relations at different universities in Lebanon and France.

He is president of the Lebanese Association for International Law, the Lebanese Political Science Association, and a member of the French University Alumni Association, the Arab Society for Political Science, the International Association of Constitutional Law, and the Lebanese Foundation for Permanent Civil Peace. He was adviser to former Prime Minister Najib Mikati from 2000 until he was appointed ambassador.

Adib is due to start nonbinding parliamentary consultations with different political blocs on Wednesday.

It was former Prime Minister Saad Hariri, who resigned last year after months of street protests, who nominated Adib. The choice was agreed on between political parties.

Hariri said after these consultations that the next goal was to reconstruct Beirut, achieve reforms and an agreement with the IMF to win the support of the international community and “control the collapse.”

“To achieve these goals the government must consist of people known for their competence, integrity and proficiency,” he added. “It should be formed quickly and the ministerial statement should also be drafted quickly. The country today needs solutions and not maneuvers, and reforms must be undertaken to restore international confidence.”

The leader of the Free Patriotic Movement Gebran Bassil, who is Hariri’s political opponent, said that Adib’s nomination represented the choice with the widest political backing.

“Secondly, he is a person with expertise and experience in government work, and thirdly, he can communicate with the international community and the Lebanese,” he added. “We are committed to facilitating the formation of the government quickly, and we will show the necessary flexibility for that.”

Investigations into the port blast continue against this backdrop of heightened political activity. Judicial investigator Judge Fadi Sawan issued arrest warrants for the director-general of maritime transport, Abdel Hafiz Al-Qaisi, and the head of the port, Mohammed al-Mawla, at the request of the Public Prosecution.

On Tuesday Sawan will hear from the security officers responsible at the port. The World Bank Group, in cooperation with the UN and the EU, said that damage to physical assets ranged from $3.8 billion to $4.6 billion. Losses, including changes in economic flows as a result of the decline in the output of economic sectors, were estimated between $2.9 to $3.5 billion.

It said that the most affected sectors were housing and transportation, and tangible and intangible cultural assets, including religious and archaeological sites, national monuments, theaters, archives, libraries, and antiquities.

It estimated that the needs for public sector reconstruction and recovery, for this year and next, were between $1.8 billion and $2.2 billion. “In the near future between $605 million and $760 million will be required until Dec. 2020, and from $1.18 billion to $1.46 billion will be required in the short term for 2021.

The needs of the transport sector are the highest among other sectors, followed by cultural heritage and housing.”

Topics: Lebanon Mustapha adib Beirut explosion

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With Hezbollah weakened, Lebanon to hold presidential vote

Updated 4 sec ago
Reuters
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With Hezbollah weakened, Lebanon to hold presidential vote

  • Lebanon has not had a president for more than 2 years
  • Parliamentary vote takes place amidst historic regional shift
Updated 4 sec ago
Reuters
BEIRUT: Lebanon’s parliament will try to elect a president on Thursday, with officials seeing better chances of success in a political landscape shaken by Israel’s war with Hezbollah and the toppling of the group’s ally Bashar Assad in neighboring Syria.
The post, reserved for a Maronite Christian in the country’s sectarian power-sharing system, has been vacant since Michel Aoun’s term ended in October, 2023. None of the political groups in the 128-seat parliament have enough seats to impose their choice, and they have so far been unable to agree on a consensus candidate.
The vote marks the first test of Lebanon’s power balance since the Iran-backed Shiite group Hezbollah — which propelled its then Christian ally Aoun to the presidency in 2016 — emerged badly pummelled from the war with Israel.
It takes place against a backdrop of historic change in the wider Middle East, where the Assad-led Syrian state exercised sway over Lebanon for decades, both directly and through allies such as Hezbollah.
Reflecting the shifts, Hezbollah and its ally the Shiite Amal Movement led by Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri have dropped their insistence on Suleiman Frangieh, their declared candidate for the last two years, and are ready to go with a less divisive figure, three senior sources familiar with their thinking said.
Candidates in focus include army commander General Joseph Aoun — said by Lebanese politicians to enjoy US approval — Jihad Azour, a senior International Monetary Fund official who formerly served as finance minister, and Maj. Gen. Elias Al-Baysari — head of General Security, a state security agency.
Caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati said he felt happy because “God willing, tomorrow we will have a new president,” according to a statement from his office.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot also expressed hope in comments to France Inter radio, saying the election was “a prerequisite for the continuation of this dynamic of peace” and also for Lebanon’s economic and social recovery.
However, two of the sources and an analyst cautioned that it was not yet certain any candidate would be elected. To win, a candidate must secure 86 votes in a first round, or 65 in a second round.
Reflecting Western and regional interest in the vote, French and Saudi envoys met Lebanese politicians in Beirut on Wednesday. Four Lebanese political sources who met the Saudi envoy, Prince Yazid bin Farhan, last week said he spelt out preferred qualifications which signal Saudi support for Aoun.
Saudi Arabia was once a big player in Lebanon, vying with Tehran for influence in Beirut, before seeing its role eclipsed by Iran and Hezbollah.
Hezbollah still seen with sway
Aoun, head of Lebanon’s US-backed army, would still need 86 votes because his election requires a constitutional amendment, as he is a still-serving state employee, Berri has said.
A State Department spokesperson said it was “up to Lebanon to choose its next president, not the United States or any external actor.”
“We have been consistent in our efforts to press Lebanon to elect a new president, which we see as important to strengthening Lebanon’s political institutions,” the spokesperson said.
Hezbollah official Wafiq Safa said last week there was “no veto” on Aoun. But the sources said Hezbollah, designated a terrorist group by the United States, will not support Aoun.
Aoun has a key role in shoring up the ceasefire brokered by Washington and Paris in November. The terms require the Lebanese military to deploy into south Lebanon as Israeli troops and Hezbollah withdraw forces.
Still reeling from a financial collapse in 2019, Lebanon desperately needs foreign aid to rebuild.
Much of the damage is in Shiite majority areas.
Hezbollah, its supply line to Iran severed by Assad’s ousting, has urged Arab and international support for Lebanon.
Nabil Boumonsef, deputy editor-in-chief of Annahar newspaper, was not certain anyone would be elected, even after the major shift in the balance of power in Lebanon, where Hezbollah’s weapons have long been a source of division.
Underlining the influence Hezbollah and Amal still wield, he said the only way a president could be elected would be if they agreed on Aoun or Azour. But if they tried to install their preferred candidate, this would “sever the oxygen from Lebanon.”
Saudi Minister Faisal bin Farhan said last October that Riyadh had never fully disengaged from Lebanon and that outside countries should not tell Lebanese what to do.

Red Cross urges unhindered aid access to flood-hit and freezing Gaza

Updated 08 January 2025
AFP
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Red Cross urges unhindered aid access to flood-hit and freezing Gaza

  • IFRC highlighted the deaths of eight newborn babies who had been living in tents without warmth or protection from rain
Updated 08 January 2025
AFP

Geneva: The Red Cross called Wednesday for safe and unhindered access to Gaza to bring desperately needed aid into the war-torn Palestinian territory wracked by hunger and where babies are freezing to death.
Heavy rain and flooding have ravaged the makeshift shelters in Gaza, leaving thousands with up to 30 centimeters of water inside their damaged tents, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies said.
The dire weather conditions were “exacerbating the unbearable conditions” in Gaza, it said, pointing out that many families were left “clinging on to survival in makeshift camps, without even the most basic necessities, such as blankets.”
Citing the United Nations, the IFRC highlighted the deaths of eight newborn babies who had been living in tents without warmth or protection from the rain and falling temperatures.
Those deaths “underscore the critical severity of the humanitarian crisis there,” IFRC Secretary-General Jagan Chapagain said in a statement.
“I urgently reiterate my call to grant safe and unhindered access to humanitarians to let them provide life-saving assistance,” he said.
“Without safe access — children will freeze to death. Without safe access — families will starve. Without safe access — humanitarian workers can’t save lives.”
Chapagain issued an “urgent plea to all the parties... to put an end to this human suffering. Now.”
The IFRC said the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) was striving to provide emergency health services and supplies to people in Gaza, with an extra sense of urgency during the cold winter months.
But it warned that “the lack of aid deliveries and access is making providing adequate support all but impossible.”
It also lamented the “continuing attacks on health facilities across the Gaza Strip,” which it said meant people were unable to access the treatment they need.
“In the north of Gaza, there are now no functioning hospitals,” it said.
The IFRC stressed that the closure of the main Rafah border crossing last May had had a dramatic impact on the humanitarian situation, warning that “only a trickle of aid is currently entering Gaza.”

Topics: War on Gaza Israel Hamas

South Syria fighters reluctant to give up weapons: spokesman

Updated 08 January 2025
AFP
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South Syria fighters reluctant to give up weapons: spokesman

  • Daraa became known as the birthplace of the Syrian uprising after protests erupted there in 2011 against Assad’s rule
  • Southern Operations Room, a coalition of armed groups from the southern province of Daraa formed on December 6 to help topple Assad
Updated 08 January 2025
AFP

Bosra: Fighters in southern Syria who helped topple President Bashar Assad are reluctant to disarm and disband as ordered by the country’s new rulers, their spokesman told AFP.
An Islamist-led offensive ripped through Syria from the north and into Damascus on December 8, bringing to a sudden end five decades of rule by the Assad clan.
On December 25, the country’s new Islamist rulers said they had reached an agreement with rebel groups on their dissolution and integration under the defense ministry.
New leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa said the authorities would “absolutely not allow there to be weapons in the country outside state control.”
But a spokesman for the Southern Operations Room, a coalition of armed groups from the southern province of Daraa formed on December 6 to help topple Assad, said the alliance did not agree.
“We’re not convinced by the idea of dissolving armed groups,” said its spokesman Naseem Abu Orra.
“We’re an organized force in the south... headed by officers who defected” from Assad’s army, he told AFP in Daraa’s town of Bosra.
“We can integrate the defense ministry as a pre-organized entity... We have weapons, heavy equipment,” he said.
Abu Orra said the group, led by local leader Ahmed Al-Awdeh, included thousands of men, without any Islamist affiliation.
Awdeh has good relations with former Assad ally Russia, as well as neighboring Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, sources close to his group said.
Daraa became known as the birthplace of the Syrian uprising after protests erupted there in 2011 against Assad’s rule.
As they spread across the country, government forces cracked down on the demonstrators, triggering defections from the army and one of the deadliest wars of the century.
After losing swathes of territory to rebels and jihadists, Assad’s forces clawed back control of much of the country with the backing of Iran and Russia.
Daraa returned to government control in 2018, but under a deal mediated by Russia, rebels were allowed to keep their weapons and continue to ensure security in their region.
Then, after more than 13 years of civil war that had killed more than half a million people and ravaged the country, everything changed.
In the north of Syria, an Islamist-led rebel coalition called Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) moved rapidly out of its bastion on the Turkish border to seize second city Aleppo from Assad’s forces on December 1.
Its fighters then advanced southwards toward the cities of Hama and Homs on their way to the capital.
“We... decided to begin liberating the south of the country to reach Damascus” from the other direction, Abu Orra said.
He said they elaborated their own military plans in Daraa, but there was “some coordination” with HTS in the north.
Several witnesses have told AFP that they saw Awdeh’s men, recognizable by their headdress typical of southern Syria, posted near the Central Bank and in several neighborhoods in the early hours of December 8.
By then, Assad had already fled the country, former officials have told AFP.
“It was chaos but we were briefly able to take control of vital institutions to ensure their protection,” Abu Orra said.
He said the Southern Operations Room also stood guard outside several embassies, including those of Egypt and Jordan, and led some foreign diplomats to a prominent hotel to ensure their safety.
He said “several foreign countries” had called Awdeh to request his help.
When HTS forces arrived in town at the end of the afternoon, the Southern Operations Room withdrew to Daraa to avoid “chaos or armed clashes,” Abu Orra said.
Two days later, Awdeh met Syria’s new leader Sharaa. But he did not attend the December 25 meeting during which other rebel factions agreed to disband and join a future army.

Topics: Fall of Assad Syria

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Israeli strikes kill dozens in Gaza as US pushes for ceasefire

Updated 08 January 2025
Reuters
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Israeli strikes kill dozens in Gaza as US pushes for ceasefire

  • US, Qatar, Egypt intensify ceasefire efforts amid ongoing conflict
  • Israel says it will not end the war until Hamas is dismantled, hostages free
Updated 08 January 2025
Reuters

CAIRO: Israeli military strikes across Gaza killed at least 22 people on Wednesday, Palestinian medics said, as the US stepped up efforts to overcome sticking points between Israel and Hamas to reach a ceasefire to end the war.
One of the airstrikes killed at least 10 people in a multi-story house in the Sheikh Radwan neighborhood of Gaza City on Wednesday, while another killed five in the nearby Zeitoun suburb, medics said.
In Deir Al-Balah city in central Gaza, where hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are sheltering, an Israeli airstrike killed three other people.
In Jabalia, where the army has operated for more than three weeks, an Israeli airstrike killed four people, medics said.
On Tuesday, Israeli military strikes killed at least 24 Palestinians across the Gaza Strip, medics said, with two airstrikes hitting tent encampments in Mawasi, to the west of the southern city of Khan Younis, killing 18 people. The dead included several women and children.
There was no comment by the Israeli military on those incidents.
As Israeli continued its bombardments, the US, Qatar and Egypt were making the most intensive effort in months to reach a ceasefire, with one source close to the talks saying this was the most serious attempt to reach a deal so far.
The outgoing US administration has called for a final push for a deal before President Joe Biden leaves office, and many in the region view President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on Jan. 20 as an unofficial deadline.
“Things are better than ever before, but there is no deal yet,” the source told Reuters.
But with the clock ticking, both sides accuse the other of blocking a deal by adhering to conditions that have torpedoed all previous peace efforts for more than a year.
On Tuesday, Hamas stood by its demand that it will only free its remaining hostages if Israel agrees to end the war and withdraw all its troops from Gaza. Israel says it will not end the war until Hamas is dismantled and all hostages are free. Hamas also said that Trump was rash to say there would be “hell to pay” unless the hostages go free by his inauguration.
Osama Hamdan, an official with the Islamist group, told a news conference in Algiers on Tuesday: “I think the US president must make more disciplined and diplomatic statements.”
Nearly 46,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israel’s assault on Gaza, according to health officials in the enclave. The assault was launched after Hamas fighters stormed Israeli territory on Oct. 7, 2023, killing 1,200 people and capturing more than 250 hostages, according to Israeli tallies.

Topics: War on Gaza Israel Hamas Gaza

EU could lift some Syria sanctions quickly, says French FM

Updated 08 January 2025
Reuters
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EU could lift some Syria sanctions quickly, says French FM

  • Some Syria sanctions ‘could be lifted quickly’: French top diplomat
Updated 08 January 2025
Reuters

PARIS: European Union sanctions in Syria that obstruct the delivery of humanitarian aid and hinder the country’s recovery could be lifted swiftly, France’s foreign minister said Wednesday.
The United States on Monday issued a sanctions exemption for transactions with governing institutions in Syria for six months after the end of Bashar Assad’s rule to try to ease the flow of humanitarian assistance.
Speaking to France Inter radio, Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot said the EU could take a similar decision soon without giving precise timing, while adding that lifting more political sanctions would depend on how Syria’s new leadership handled the transition and ensured exclusivity.
“There are other (sanctions), which today hinder access to humanitarian aid, which hinder the recovery of the country. These could be lifted quickly,” said Barrot, who met Syria’s de facto leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa on Friday with Germany’s foreign minister.
“Finally, there are other sanctions, which we are discussing with our European partners, which could be lifted, but obviously depending on the pace at which our expectations for Syria regarding women and security are taken into account.”
Three European diplomats speaking on condition of anonymity said the EU would seek to agree to lift some sanctions by the time the bloc’s 27 foreign ministers meet in Brussels on Jan. 27.
Two of the diplomats said one aim was to facilitate financial transactions to allow funds to return to the country, ease air transport and lessen sanctions targeting the energy sector to improve power supplies.
Syria suffers from severe power shortages, with state-supplied electricity available two or three hours per day in most areas. The caretaker government says it aims to provide electricity for up to eight hours per day within two months.
The US waivers allow some energy transactions and personal remittances to Syria until July 7, but do not remove any sanctions.

Topics: Fall of Assad Syria France sanctions

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