A museum in Spain showcases Caliphate-era Islamic craft

Just a few minutes away from the Mosque-Cathedral of the Andalusian city of Cordoba, the Museum of the Omeyan Guadameci travels back in time to an artistic technique used to adorn palaces and craft luxurious gifts. (Supplied)
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Updated 04 September 2020
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A museum in Spain showcases Caliphate-era Islamic craft

  • Jose Carlos is the last remaining artist specializing in the Omeyan art form of the Guadameci
  • Each work can take a year to craft because of its particular characteristics and complexity

CORDOBA, SPAIN: The strong bond that the Spanish city of Cordoba enjoys with Arab and Muslim culture is epitomized by a museum that showcases an art form popular during the 10th-century Arab Caliphate.

Just a few minutes away from the Mosque-Cathedral of the Andalusian city, the Museum of the Omeyan Guadameci travels back in time to an artistic technique used to adorn palaces and craft luxurious gifts.

Jose Carlos Villarejo Garcia, the last remaining artist specializing in Guadameci Islamic art, founded the museum in 2006. Coming from a family of artists who passed on their craftsmanship over generations, Villarejo has helped to build appreciation of beauty in all its forms, but above all, the geometrical.




Jose Carlos Villarejo Garcia, the last remaining artist specializing in Guadameci Islamic art. (Supplied)

“The Islamic art of Guadameci is one of the pillars of our culture,” Aristides Bermejo Hernandez, director of Parque Joyero de Cordoba and a regular visitor to the museum, told Arab News.

“Jose Carlos has rescued something almost lost and forgotten. This museum offers an incalculable historical and artistic value of things. It hurts to realize that they could so easily have become extinct.”

Journalist Jesus Cabrera, another regular visitor, is equally enthralled. “Visiting this museum is the only opportunity that the city of Cordoba offers to dive into the past and recover an ancient technique,” he told Arab News.

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(Jose Carlos Villarejo Garcia, the last remaining artist specializing in Guadameci Islamic art, speaks to Arab News)

Jose Carlos received the Hernan Ruiz Award 2020 for restoring the Guadameci technique of painted, embossed leatherwork to Cordoba’s culture. The pieces of art, called “guadameci,” consist of a piece of sheepskin tanned and later gilded, polychrome and iron garnished.

“This is the same method of work used during the Caliphate of Cordoba, the most important and splendorous period of our Islamic culture,” Jose Carlos told Arab News.

“The phases of the work are exactly the same used in the 10th century in Madinat Al-Zahra in Omeyan Cordoba, but differ totally from the later Guadameci variations in Spain and the rest of the world. I use sheep or ram skins which are prepared in a very specific way and covered with a coating of silver leaf.”




Jose Carlos received the Hernan Ruiz Award 2020 for restoring the Guadameci technique of painted, embossed leatherwork to Cordoba’s culture. (Supplied)

He said the silver coating hides the skin beneath and augments one of the characteristics of the Islamic Guadameci, namely its luxurious appearance. “Once the silver base has been applied with the desired design, I proceed with the different phases of painting,” Jose Carlos said. “The paint blends with the gold and silver and brings out the full beauty of the Guadameci.”

He adds that the paintings and designs are true to his artistic preferences and always inspired by Islamic styles and range of colors. “I mix my own paints and this makes them unique,” he said. “The final step is to hammer an iron rod that has the design form at its tip. The design is thus pressed onto the gold or silver base.”

Jose Ramirez del Rio, a Spanish scholar specializing in Arabic language and culture, said that in the Middle Ages, Cordoba was the center of Arabic and Islamic art. From a historical perspective, he considers Jose Carlos’ recovery of the Guadameci important. “I hope the incredible pieces he has produced will be valued in the Arabic world as much as they are today in Spain and the Western world,” del Rio told Arab News.

FASTFACTS

CORDOBA

* Cordoba is the largest city in Spain’s Cordoba province.

* Became capital of Umayyad dynasty’s Abdal Rahman I in 756.

* Umayyad rule saw the construction of palaces and mosques.

* By 1000 Cordoba was Europe’s most cultured city.

* Narrow streets and the Great Mosque reflect Moorish heritage.

Jose Carlos says he works with designs of all types and sizes and uses tools his ancestors made by hand, adding that “they were all from Cordoba and great lovers of Islamic art and culture … art professors, art restorers, painters and artisans.”

Each work can take a year to craft because of its particular characteristics and complexity. “Each piece of art expresses something different: Admiration for the sole creator, Allah, a vision of Paradise and the beauty of the Eternal Garden,” Jose Carlos said. “Each piece is carefully designed within certain parameters and has intricate detail that leads to almost perfection in its elaboration.”




The pieces of art, called “guadameci,” consist of a piece of sheepskin tanned and later gilded, polychrome and iron garnished. (Supplied)

Jose Carlos’ love for Guadameci art started when he was a child. “I was fortunate enough to grow up among Guadameci art and paintings. I was taught at a very young age about beauty, fantasy and rigorous discipline,” he told Arab News.

He remembers watching his master and uncle Ramon Garcia Romero create elaborate guadameci designs in his studio at home. “I would visit him every day and learn his method. In time, he gave me jobs of greater responsibility,” said Jose Carlos.

“As I became older and acquired more skills, I was able to work without his supervision. It all started as a childhood game of trying to catch the gold and silver particles floating in the air before settling on the workshop floor.”

The legacy of leatherwork has enriched the world beyond Cordoba. “It is renowned throughout Europe and my family have had the honor to be chosen to elaborate a number of works for the Spanish royal family as well as other European royals,” Jose Carlos said.

“The beauty displayed in my works of art is greatly admired and appreciated by the people of an exquisite sensitivity. My work has been bought for private collections of great economic value throughout the Western world.”

However, he said the Arab world is the closest to his work and appreciates the historical significance and bond the Guadameci technique represents. “I am very honored to have produced artwork for members of Saudi royal family and members of cultural society in the Arab world,” he said.

Jose Carlos feels more comfortable and artistically appreciated in the Middle East. “I have exhibited my work in France and Morocco and shortly I will be taking my collection to Dubai,” he said. “It is in the Middle East where I propose to continue promoting both my Guadameci art and its historical heritage.”

His last exhibition was held in 2019 at the Festival of Islamic Art of Sharjah at the Sharjah Art Museum.

Jose Carlos stressed the importance of passing on knowledge to future generations to ensure that the artistic and cultural aspects of any civilization thrive. “I will most certainly be passing on my knowledge and skills as part of our historical heritage,” he said. “This is the fundamental reason why my master and I founded this museum.”

The Museum of the Omeyan Guadameci is in contact with institutions around the world interested in sharing knowledge of the Arab era. “My own children, once they have graduated from their studies, will nurture this treasure house of history,” said Jose Carlos.

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@Mouna_ElHaimoud


Saudi historical highlights on display at Abu Dhabi Book Fair 

Updated 25 April 2025
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Saudi historical highlights on display at Abu Dhabi Book Fair 

  • Selections from London-based rare-book dealer Peter Harrington’s offering at the UAE fair, April 26 to May 5 

‘The Holy Mosque at Makkah’ 

With a foreword by former Saudi Minister of Finance Sheikh Mohammed Abalkhail and images by the award-winning African photojournalist Mohamed Amin, this “sumptuous production” tracks the quarter century of restoration of the Sacred Mosque and Holy Kaaba in Makkah in the mid-20th century. “The text contains a historical description of the Holy Kaaba, Masjid al-Haram, a summary of recent construction in the Saudi era, and architectural notes, with the rest of the volume dedicated to Amin’s photographs, presenting detailed views of the diverse and extensive developments,” the book dealer’s notes state. Amin was “the first photographer to be given access to document the Hajj and among the first to photograph sections of the Holy Mosques of Makkah and Madinah. Over three years during the 1970s, he travelled by camel, helicopter, car and on foot to Madinah, Arafat, and Makkah.” 

Confidential reports from the First and Third Arab Petroleum congresses 

The historical global significance of the first Arab Petroleum Congress in 1959 cannot be understated. It was here that the idea of an oil-producing organization (an idea that eventually turned into OPEC) was introduced. “During proceedings, the influential oil journalist Wanda Jablonski introduced Saudi Arabia’s Abdullah Tariki to Venezuela’s Juan Pablo Perez Alfonzo, both of whom were upset by recent price cuts. They rallied delegates to sign the secret Maadi Pact, suggesting a Petroleum Consultation Commission to coordinate producer responses. This laid the groundwork for the 1960 Baghdad Conference, at which OPEC was officially formed,” the book dealer’s notes state. This grouping of documents contains in-house reports from Aramco on that congress, and the Third Arab Petroleum Congress in Dec. 1961, as well as other Aramco-produced materials from 1956-1961. 

Photographic archive and reports from the recommissioning of the Hejaz Railway 

The book dealer describes this collection as “a unique archive relating to the earliest post-war attempt to reconstruct the Hejaz railway and link Damascus with Madinah.” The last train to travel the full length of the railway was reportedly in 1925, after which “the line south of Mudawwara was washed away, and the conflicts that led to the creation of Saudi Arabia in 1932 dampened collective efforts at reconstruction.” The archive includes previously unpublished photos and original reports issued by the International Resources Engineering and Exploration Group, which was awarded to contract to design the project in 1956. “Coverage is particularly detailed for central and northern Saudi Arabia, especially the area around Mada’in Salih and Khur Himar,” the dealer states, and includes images of the party meeting with local officials including the rulers of AlUla and Tabuk. 

A collection of magic lantern slides by Harry St John Bridger Philby & Alec Horace Edward Litton Holt 

The British intelligence officer Philby — who served as an advisor to Saudi Arabia’s founder, King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud — and the engineer and explorer Holt travelled 600 miles together in 1922 through the desert via Al-Jawf province in Saudi Arabia “at the height of increasing tensions between Ibn Saud and the Hashemites.” These 23 slides were, the book dealer believes, likely used to illustrate the presentation the pair gave about their journey before the Royal Geographic Society in the UK on Feb. 12, 1923. “The collection shows Holt and Philby in Arab dress; Ford cars and aeroplanes at Jidd, desert scenes, a Ford condenser, and ploughing for landing fields, among others.” 

Aramco educational PR pack 

In an attempt to attract US students and graduates in the Sixties and Seventies, Aramco produced several collections of promotional material that included posters much like this one, which it distributed to schools and universities in the States. “The lively posters explore the history of Saudi Arabia and the company’s operations, each illustrated with photographs of historical figures (including T. E. Lawrence), company personnel and oil wells, and Saudi architecture,” the book dealer states.  


‘Adaptability’ at SAMoCA shows ‘the similarity between clay and humans’ 

Updated 25 April 2025
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‘Adaptability’ at SAMoCA shows ‘the similarity between clay and humans’ 

  • Exhibition showcases ceramic works by 11 Arab artists  

RIYADH: The Saudi Arabian Museum of Contemporary Art in Riyadh is currently hosting “Adaptability,” an exhibition of work in clay by 11 artists from five different Arab countries, each offering their unique perspective on our relationship with the material. The show runs until May 20. 

“This exhibition beautifully illustrates the adaptability of clay, showcasing human creativity and our capacity for enduring change across cultures and civilizations,” curator Samer Yamani told Arab News. “It shows the similarity between clay and humans: We both are so strong, but fragile, and the higher the fire gets, the stronger we get — we adapt to new circumstances and new things happening in life; we are able to innovate and to be present.”  

The show is laid out in three circles. The inner one includes work that expresses inner thoughts and emotions; the middle explores topics related to communities, culture, and life; the outer circle addresses heritage, urbanism, and sustainability.  

Hana El-Sagini's 'The Doctor's Desk.' (Supplied)

“Clay is such a malleable material that you can shape through many different forms — hand-made, technological, mechanical… so it’s interesting to see all the different ways that the various artists have used or thought about clay; some more technical, some to express more emotional stories. The dialogue between the different ways of thinking with the same material is very interesting,” participating Jordanian artist Sama Alsaket told Arab News.  

Alsaket’s piece, found in the middle circle, is titled “Shades of Terracotta” and was constructed from five different types of clay sourced from her home country. Combining her background in architecture with visual art, her work is intended to spark discourse around handmade, digital, and industrial processes.  

“My work focuses on researching the different kinds of clay in Jordan and documenting traditional techniques there,” she said. “Through exploring these kinds of clay, which are iron-rich and usually used for terracotta, I was thinking about how to translate a vessel which is usually made out of terracotta and used to store water into something that is vertical. I was also thinking about how to leverage the different qualities and characteristics of terracotta in architecture.”  

She added: “Riyadh seems like such an amazing platform for artists and they’re trying to shape and think about what contemporary art in the Middle East is.”  

Sama Alsaket's ‘Shades of Terracotta.’ (Supplied)

Egyptian artist Hana El-Sagini’s “The Doctor’s Desk” also features in the exhibition.  

“It’s a reflection on illness as a female,” El-Sagini told Arab News. “I was a cancer patient and as a Middle Eastern Muslim woman you kind of protect your body and it’s very sacred, but once you become a patient, things totally change. You become this object they need to fix, which is very noble of them, but it’s a very overwhelming experience for us. Anyone who’s going through adversity goes through surreal ideas of reality versus illusion and ‘Is this really happening to me?’ Like with heartbreak, or the death of a loved one, or illness — all of these — you find yourself in a surreal state. This is why there are a lot of fingers in the work.” 

The work is playful as well, she added. “I’m Egyptian, so I need to have that dark humor.”  

El-Sagini is better known as a painter. In fact, “The Doctor’s Desk” is her first ceramic work.  

“It was the right medium for this work: it’s fragile, it’s real, it’s malleable, raw, and very expressive,” she said. “It’s not perfect. It’s kind of a reflection on the human form.” 


Best and Worst: Ghalyah Al-Sharif  talks styling, travel and trends

Updated 25 April 2025
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Best and Worst: Ghalyah Al-Sharif  talks styling, travel and trends

DUBAI: The Saudi beauty content creator talks styling, travel, and trends.  

Best TV show or film you’ve ever seen? 

“Breaking Bad.” It’s an absolute masterpiece with thrilling twists, unforgettable characters and brilliant writing that kept me hooked from start to finish. 

Worst TV show or film you’ve ever seen? 

“The Room.” It was honestly hard to get through because of the awkward acting and the storyline that did not make sense at all to me. 

Best personal style moment so far? 

My green outfit at the Make Up For Ever event during Ramadan was definitely a standout. I feel like the rich color of the dress really captured my personality and made me feel so confident and elegant. 

Worst personal style moment? 

Honestly, I can’t think of one. I always take time to choose outfits that make me feel confident and comfortable in my own skin.  

Best accessory for a little black dress? 

A pair of bold statement earrings. A sleek, structured clutch can also instantly elevate the look while keeping it chic and sophisticated. 

Worst accessory for a little black dress? 

Anything overly flashy can distract from the elegance of the dress and throw off the entire vibe. 

Best fashion trend of 2025? 

Classic suits. I love them. They’re so powerful and timeless. They give off an effortlessly elegant look that works for so many occasions. 

Worst fashion trend of 2025? 

I hate neon colors. They can be too loud and difficult to style in a way that feels polished or flattering. 

Best advice you’ve ever been given? 

“Be open to new ideas.” Personal and professional growth starts with curiosity and the willingness to evolve. It’s something I strive for every day. 

Worst advice you’ve ever been given? 

“Don’t try too hard.” If you’re passionate about something, you should give it your all without holding back. 

Best book you’ve ever read? 

“The Four Agreements” (by Don Miguel Ruiz). It’s such a powerful life-changing read that shifted my mindset and helped me find more inner peace.  

Worst book you’ve ever read? 

“The Secret.” Yes, the intentions were positive, but I just found it overly simplistic and lacking practical depth. 

Best thing to do when you’re feeling low? 

I love to write down my thoughts and emotions. It really helps me process what I’m going through and gently releases any negativity I might be holding on to. 

Worst thing to do when you’re feeling good? 

Procrastinate. It can really ruin any positive momentum and just leave you feeling like you haven’t accomplished anything. 

Best holiday destination? 

Bali. It’s incredibly peaceful, visually stunning, and has this unique spiritual energy that always makes me feel inspired.  

Worst holiday destination? 

Honestly, I’ve been lucky so far. Every trip I have taken has offered something memorable and enjoyable. I learn a lot from each trip.  

Best subject at school? 

Art. It allowed me to express myself creatively and tap into my imagination in a way that felt natural and fulfilling. 

Worst subject at school? 

Math. I never really clicked with numbers, and it always felt more like a challenge than something I actually enjoyed. 

Best thing to do to ensure you have a productive day? 

Start the day with a clear plan and an organized mindset. It makes a huge difference in staying focused and achieving your goals. 

Worst thing to do when trying to be productive? 

Scrolling through social media. It’s such a time drain and makes it harder to gain focus again. 


Printmaking takes center stage at JAX District exhibition

Updated 24 April 2025
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Printmaking takes center stage at JAX District exhibition

  • Live screen-printing studio teaches public about processes
  • Curator urges support and opportunities for local creatives

RIYADH: In a corner of JAX, Riyadh’s art district, there is an open-door policy for art enthusiasts and culture aficionados to explore the diversity of the printmaking world.

At Printworks — hosted by the Personage concept store and studio —artists, designers and architects are presenting their print-based creations to the public.

The aim is to celebrate the work of the artists and engage the public.

When curator Koren Dasoar and guest curator Dana Qabbani came together for the project, they had the aim of “really doing things that are not just for the sake of it.”

Dasoar told Arab News they are not seeking “applause, but really are conscious of people’s feelings, supporting people and building quality.”

They saw a gap in the art community: a space that caters to emerging artists.

Qabbani told Arab News: “Speaking with all of the young artists and the established ones, people are down.

“People feel they’re not doing enough to appear enough … We felt that there’s a disconnect, even with all the amazing things that’ve been happening in the scene.”

Dasoar added: “We shouldn’t wait for a large format activation or event to happen for creativity to happen.

“It’s about it being constant small- to mid-scale activities that allow people that have a growing creative practice to be able to constantly create and showcase.”

Printmaking itself is a unifier of crafts, the curators say.

It “makes you use your hands physically, and therefore the process is longer than just clicking ‘print’ and having the artwork come out.

“There is more of a practice; it’s more sacred because it slows you down. You’re making the art in slow motion,” Qabbani said.

Dasoar explained: “Print is something that I feel is completely interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and cross-medium.

“It’s something that has value in the context of artists, architects, industrial designers, product designers, and even the broader creative spectrum of writers, printers, poets.

“Print is a medium that is far-reaching. It also is something that, from a functional standpoint, allows that to be a degree of repetition, meaning that we can create repeats.

“But it’s also something that I think is quite interesting in the contemporary context, for that it takes different mediums from different practices, funnels it through a digital and non-digital medium, and translates it into something that is physical.”

The initiative aims to bring people back to a core idea of loving creativity and making art, or simply having the desire to create.

For aspiring artists to truly thrive, “there needs to be multiple points of contemplation and multiple points of creation,” Dasoar said.

“There is space for everyone, and we have a shared responsibility to support talent, nurture growth, and create opportunities for success.”

These notions manifested in Personage having an open-door policy for such events.

In this edition, the featured artists include Hayat Osama, Naif Alquba, Mohammed Zkria, Abdullah Al-Amoudi, Salman Najem, Abdullah Al-Khorayef, the sibling-led collective TwoMeem, and Shaddah Design Studio’s Il Mushtarayat.

The program allows members of the public to see how their purchased pieces are produced, as each print is made-to-order. The event also creates a space to ask questions in a more conversational setting.

“Community isn’t built in rows of chairs,” Dasoar said.

Printworks functions in two sections. The first is in existing artworks created by the artist, studio, designer or practitioner, ranging from risograph prints, screenprints, and photographic print.

The other section is an on-site, live screen-printing studio where members of the public are able to drop in and learn more about the artists, the ink, and the printing process itself.

All the works, including the print-on-demand pieces, which will be available on a limited-run basis, are part of an exhibition running until the end of April.

“We have a portion of the artists that are just in the exhibition segment, and we have several artists that have been the collaborators on the screens that are on the print and demand,” Dasoar said.

The event has talks and workshops by various creatives including Dasoar and Cristian Checcanin, the art director at TOLD, the agency behind the design of Saudi Arabia’s riyal logo.

While this is the first edition of Printworks, the goal is to create an event every month with a new, diverse set of artists and curators who can bring in fresh ideas and concepts.

This type of activation is connected to a core pillar of Personage’s mission and identity.

As a space that exists at the intersection of concept store, creative studio, and cultural platform, Personage is fundamentally about bringing people together — bridging disciplines, creative practices, and perspectives.

“We believe that the creative industry truly blossoms when we support its practitioners, while also allowing patrons and buyers to grow, connect, and engage through experiencing — and investing in — the outcomes of creativity.

“In this way, we nurture both the creators and the community that surrounds and uplifts them,” Dasoar said.


Gigi Hadid honored by family, friends on her 30th birthday

Updated 24 April 2025
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Gigi Hadid honored by family, friends on her 30th birthday

DUBAI: The internet is abuzz with celebrities, designers, family and friends sending birthday wishes to US Dutch Palestinian model Gigi Hadid as she turns 30.

Gigi’s younger sister, Bella Hadid, shared a carousel of photos on Instagram to celebrate her birthday. “IT’S GIGI DAY EVERYONE SAY IT WITH ME. HAPPPYYY 30th BIRTHDAYYYY JELENAAAA,” she wrote.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A post shared by Bella (@bellahadid)

The post featured a mix of baby and childhood photos, runway moments and family memories.

Yolanda Hadid, Gigi’s mother, took a moment to reflect on her daughter’s 30-year journey. “Thirty years went by in a flash, 10,950 days to be exact but there hasn’t been one day without you on my mind,” she wrote, sharing photos of Gigi from babyhood to recent moments.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A post shared by YOLANDA (@yolanda.hadid)

She added: “As you know giving birth to your first born is life changing, it really marks the first day of the rest of your life as you transition from womanhood into the blessing of motherhood. Today is your special day and I want to say thank for choosing me to be your mommy and for all the love, light and reflection you have brought into my life.”

Italian designer Donatella Versace also shared a birthday message, posting a few images with Gigi and writing: “Happy Birthday to my Taurus twin, @gigihadid! I wish I was with you on this special day. I am sending you kisses and so much love - today and always. Love you!”

American fashion designer Thom Browne posted a picture of Gigi on the brand’s page, sending her well wishes as well. 

Fan pages also shared short tribute videos to celebrate the supermodel’s special day.