Young Pakistani artists take new path through landscapes of Mughal miniature art

The collage shows miniature work by Jahanzaib Akmal: "Cain and Abel," left, and artist Sohni Farrukh posing for a picture with her work showcased at an art exhibition in Islamabad, Pakistan, on October 3, 2021. (Photo courtesy: Jahanzaib Akmal/PK Art Collective)
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Updated 22 November 2021
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Young Pakistani artists take new path through landscapes of Mughal miniature art

  • Miniature masters began to capture the complex stories of scriptures and people in the Indian Subcontinent over one thousand years ago
  • Art of miniature painting in the region was perfected under Mughal rulers between the 16th and 19th centuries

ISLAMABAD: The language of centuries-old traditional miniature painting is drawing renewed attention among young Pakistani artists who find in it a departure point to make work exploring contemporary realities. 
Miniature masters in the Indian Subcontinent began to capture the complex stories of scriptures and people as early as in the ninth century. Some of their paintings accompanied Buddhist, Hinduist, Jain and Muslim religious texts, some other illustrated secular literature — romances, dramas, poems. Calligraphy also often played role in them, and their painted borders, or illuminations, can be as intricate as the images themselves.
Art dealers would often unbind these illustrations and sell them separately, which is how they became popular and highly sought after at the international market, where they were admired and collected by people as various as Rembrandt and the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.
The art of miniature painting in the Subcontinent was perfected under Mughal rulers between the 16th and 19th centuries. The legacy of their court painters has inspired not only renowned Pakistani artists such as Shazia Sikander, Imran Qureshi, and Aisha Khalid — the pioneers of the neo-miniature movement — but also emerging creators who give a contemporary and personal spin to the classic form. 
Jahanzaib Akmal, who studied art at the National College of Arts in Lahore, has created his own signature style by combining miniature painting with his love for video games.
His works depict Mughal rulers in video game landscapes reminiscent of the classic Mario Brothers by Nintendo or the 1980s hit Space Invaders.
“A mixture of games and miniature paintings is how I understand a contemporary visual language,” the 28-year-old artist from Quetta, Balochistan, told Arab News. “I combined my love for history, games, and art, I came up with a refreshed concept of revisiting the eight-bit games and the Mughal Emperors for our recent generations to relate to.”
“Miniature paintings hold a very special place in the artworld. They are perceived as prestigious. The imagery has evolved over the years, with many artists doing their part and adding their spin to it.”




Contemporary miniature work by Jahanzaib Akmal: “Midnight rendezvous” and “Thunder in the clouds,” 2021. (Photo courtesy: Jahanzaib Akmal)

Former lawyer Sohni Farrukh, a 31-year-old artist from Islamabad, quit her job as a lawyer and started taking miniature painting classes last year. She enrolled in a course by artist Komal Shahid Khan and fell in love with the classic form.
“I immediately fell in love with the process and the outcome, though it took me a while to get a hang of the techniques,” she said.
She has been drawn to miniature painting since childhood.
“I first saw miniature art at an exhibition when I was very young and since then have been enamored by it,” she told Arab News. “The intricate process, the traditional aspect, is beautiful to me. It’s almost sacred in its methodology and makes you feel like you’re a part of something bigger than yourself, carrying on and preserving a tradition dating back hundreds of years.”
Farrukh’s plays with saturated colors not found in traditional miniature painting. She draws inspiration both from the centuries-old art and the neo-miniature style, combining them also with Chinese art elements.
“I am greatly inspired both by traditional and neo miniaturists in their technique and subject matter and try to address topics such as gender fluidity and female sexuality, while infusing my work with bursts of color,” she said.




Miniature work by Sohni Farrukh “Our Lady Buraq meets Chand Bibi” and “Pink Lotus with a Halkar border,” 2021. (Photo courtesy: Sohni Farrukh)

Another emerging miniature artist is Iranian-born Maryam Baniasadi, whose family settled in Lahore.
She has trained under renowned miniature painter Bashir Ahmed from the National College of Arts, who encouraged her to explore the form, which she later combined with Persian miniature tradition.




Work by Maryam Baniasadi: “NCA Lahore building” and ” The classroom,” 2018. (Photo courtesy: Maryam Baniasadi)

“Throughout history miniaturist were traveling from Iran to sub-continent and vice versa so for me also I was kind of doing that in a contemporary way,” Baniasadi said.
“I believe this really helped me to come up with my own concepts and connect my roots being Iranian with Pakistan where I am living in and is my second home.”


Authorities recover 20,000 soap bars for anti-polio campaigns being sold illegally in Peshawar

Updated 25 June 2025
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Authorities recover 20,000 soap bars for anti-polio campaigns being sold illegally in Peshawar

  • Provincial authorities seize large stockpile of soap bars provided by UNICEF in Peshawar’s Sabzi Mandi area
  • UNICEF says authorities have not ruled out possibility of collusion by insiders or lapses in oversight mechanism

PESHAWAR: Pakistani authorities on Wednesday recovered 20,000 soap bars provided by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) for exclusive use in anti-polio campaigns after they were found being illegally sold in the northwestern Peshawar city, the UN agency said. 

Authorities seized the soap bars in a raid conducted at the city’s famous Sabzi Mandi area, with UNICEF raising serious concerns about the diversion of humanitarian supplies to the open market. 

“The seized consignment included approximately 20,000 soap bars, reportedly marked for exclusive use in Polio Campaigns,” the UN agency said.

 UNICEF said provincial officials believe it is highly unlikely that such a large-scale misappropriation could have occurred without either the “active involvement or gross negligence” of personnel within the provincial Health Department and UNICEF’s local and national operations.

“Further investigations are underway to determine how the supplies were diverted from official distribution channels to Open Market,” the statement said. “Authorities have not ruled out the possibility of collusion by insiders or lapses in oversight mechanisms.”

UNICEF said the incident underscored the critical need for greater accountability and monitoring in aid distribution processes, particularly in sensitive public health programs like the polio eradication campaign.

Polio is a paralyzing disease with no cure, making prevention through vaccination critical. Multiple doses of the oral polio vaccine, along with the completion of the routine immunization schedule for all children, are essential to build strong immunity against the virus.

According to Pakistan’s polio program, 10 cases have been confirmed so far this year, with 74 reported in 2024.

Pakistan, one of the last two countries where polio remains endemic, has made significant progress in curbing the virus, with annual cases dropping from around 20,000 in the early 1990s to just eight in 2018.

The country reported six cases in 2023 and only one in 2021.


Trump praises ‘very impressive’ Pakistan army chief, reiterates trade stopped Indo-Pak conflict

Updated 25 June 2025
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Trump praises ‘very impressive’ Pakistan army chief, reiterates trade stopped Indo-Pak conflict

  • US president hosted Field Marshal General Asim Munir for lunch at White House last week 
  • Trump announced a ceasefire between India and Pakistan last month after military standoff

ISLAMABAD: US President Donald Trump praised Pakistan’s army chief on Wednesday, describing him as “very impressive” while reiterating his earlier claim of preventing a nuclear war between Islamabad and New Delhi with trade deals last month. 

Trump hosted Field Marshal General Asim Munir for lunch last Wednesday in an unprecedented White House meeting. The American president had told reporters he was “honored” to meet the Pakistani general and that the two discussed the Iran-Israel conflict.

Nuclear-armed India and Pakistan engaged in a days-long military conflict before Trump announced a ceasefire between the two on May 10. Trump has repeatedly said he offered to help both nations with trade if they agreed to de-escalate.

At the NATO summit in The Hague, Trump was asked by a reporter why he had failed to stop the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The American president responded by saying he had stopped wars between Iran and Israel as well as India and Pakistan, saying the conflict “was getting very bad” between the nuclear-armed rivals. 

“And in fact I had the general, who was very impressive, the general from Pakistan was in my office last week,” Trump said. 

He described Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi as a “great man, a great gentleman,” saying Washington helped both countries reason with each other at the height of the conflict. 

“I said we’re not going to do a trade deal if you’re going to fight and if you’re going to fight each other we’re not doing a trade deal and you know what, they said, ‘No, I want to do the trade deal.’ And we stopped a nuclear war.”

Pakistan’s government last week announced it would formally nominate Trump for what it called his “decisive diplomatic intervention” during the military standoff with India in May. 

The American president has also previously offered to mediate the decades-old Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan, who both claim the disputed Himalayan region in full but administer only parts of it. 

While the ceasefire continues to persist, tensions simmer as New Delhi refuses to budge from its stance of suspending a decades-old water-sharing treaty with Pakistan. 

Pakistan has said any attempts to stop or divert its flow of water by India will be regarded as an “act of war” and will be responded to with full force. 


Pakistani exporters bank on Middle East to export 125,000 tons of mangoes this season

Updated 25 June 2025
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Pakistani exporters bank on Middle East to export 125,000 tons of mangoes this season

  • Pakistani fruit exporters association hopes to earn $100 million from total mango exports from May to September 
  • Mango exporters, farmers say recent regional tensions and adverse climate conditions impacting fruit’s production

ISLAMABAD: A leading Pakistani fruits exporters association said on Wednesday it has set an ambitious target of exporting 125,000 tons of mangoes from May to September this year to earn $100 million in revenue, hoping to export 70 percent of these to markets in the Middle East. 

Pakistan is the world’s fourth-largest mango producer, with the fruit’s exports generating millions of dollars in revenue annually, according to the Pakistan Fruit and Vegetables Export Association (PFVEA). 

Pakistan’s 20 varieties of mangoes come second only to oranges as the most-produced fruit in the country. The country produces around 1,800,000 metric tons of mangoes annually, with 70 percent grown in Punjab, 29 percent in Sindh and 1 percent grown in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

“Pakistan is aiming to export 125,000 tons of mangoes this season, 25 percent more than last year’s target of 100,000 tons, with exports having started on May 25 and continuing until the end of September,” PFVEA Patron-in-Chief Waheed Ahmed told Arab News. 

“We are hoping to export 70 percent of this target to Middle Eastern countries, our largest market, and if achieved, the country is expected to earn an estimated $100 million in foreign exchange,” he added. 

However, Ahmed warned adverse effects of climate change may impact the amount of mangoes Pakistan produces this year. 

Pakistan, which has faced irregular weather patterns ranging from heat waves and unusually heavy rains, is frequently ranked among the most adversely affected countries due to climate change effects. 

Mango production has been on the decline in Pakistan for the past three consecutive years. 

“Mango production in Pakistan is consistently declining due to climate change and water scarcity and there is a risk of up to 25 percent reduction in total mango production this year as well,” Ahmed warned. 

After the projected decline, the PFVEA official said this season’s total mango production may come down to around 1.4 million tons

“However, we have increased the export target because we are exporting only 125,000 tons out of the estimated 1.4 million tons, so we remain hopeful of achieving it despite all challenges,” Ahmed said. 

Ahmed called for interventions such as improved water management, production of climate-resilient mango varieties, research and development and modernization of agriculture and horticulture.

He said efforts were underway to boost mango exports to non-traditional markets such as Japan, the United States, South Korea and Australia, with a special focus on expanding exports to Turkiye and China.

He noted that regional tensions, particularly Pakistan’s conflict with India and the Israel-Iran tensions, have led to higher export costs due to additional charges by shipping companies on Pakistani cargo.

“We urge the Federal Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs to intervene and eliminate these extra charges to help improve export competitiveness,” Ahmed said. 

Farmers and exporters agreed adverse climate conditions had affected not only the volume of production but also the quality of mangoes.

“We have been facing losses due to multiple factors, including low yield and lower-than-expected demand caused by conflicts in the Middle East,” Asif Ahmed, an exporter from Iftikhar Ahmed & Co, told Arab News.

Asif, who has been exporting mangoes for over six decades, hoped the Iran-Israel ceasefire would improve the situation and that fruit prices would rise to help cover the losses.

“We have farms in Sindh’s Tando Allahyar and Mirpur Khas districts where production was almost around 30 percent less than normal this year,” Asif said. 

Amjad Hussain, an exporter from Punjab’s Multan city, agreed climate change had reduced the size of the mangoes and their quality as well. 

“It has affected more than 25 percent of our yield, which will reduce our exports, though the exact figure will be clear by September,” Hussain said. 


Pakistan, UAE agree to strengthen cooperation during Bilateral Political Consultations

Updated 25 June 2025
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Pakistan, UAE agree to strengthen cooperation during Bilateral Political Consultations

  • Both sides agree to maintain momentum of high-level exchanges, institutional engagements, says Pakistan’s foreign office
  • UAE is Pakistan’s third-largest trading partner after China and the United States, and a major source of remittances for it

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on Wednesday agreed to strengthen cooperation in multiple sectors as the two sides took part in the second round of Bilateral Political Consultations (BPC) in Abu Dhabi, Pakistan’s foreign ministry said. 

Pakistan and the UAE held their inaugural BPC session in 2020. The BPC is another forum for strengthening cooperation between the two countries that enjoy cordial ties rooted in shared faith, culture, economic, trade and investment ties. 
In the second round of the consultations, Pakistan’s delegation was led by Shehryar Akbar Khan, the additional foreign secretary (Middle East), while the UAE was led by Reem Ketait, the deputy assistant minister for political affairs.

“During the consultations, both sides reviewed the entire spectrum of bilateral relations and reaffirmed their resolve to further strengthen cooperation across multiple sectors,” Pakistan’s foreign ministry said. 

“The two sides discussed regional and global developments of mutual interest and reiterated their commitment to enhanced coordination and dialogue at multilateral forums.”

Khan stressed further deepening fraternal ties between Pakistan and the UAE while both sides appreciated the positive trajectory of bilateral ties. Pakistan and the UAE also expressed satisfaction at the progress made under existing institutional mechanisms, including the Joint Ministerial Commission (JMC) and regular leadership-level exchanges, the statement said. 

“The Bilateral Political Consultations concluded with both sides agreeing to maintain the momentum of high-level exchanges and institutional engagements, and to convene the next round of consultations in Islamabad on mutually agreed dates,” the foreign ministry said. 

The UAE is Pakistan’s third-largest trading partner after China and the United States. More than 1.5 million Pakistanis live and work in the UAE, sending back over $5 billion in remittances annually.

Bilateral trade reached approximately $10.9 billion in fiscal year 2023–24, including $2.08 billion in exports and $6.33 billion in imports, according to official Pakistani data.

Last year, the UAE pledged $10 billion in future investments in promising sectors of Pakistan’s economy.


Pakistan approves $42 million to transform ship-breaking yard into ‘model green facility’

Updated 25 June 2025
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Pakistan approves $42 million to transform ship-breaking yard into ‘model green facility’

  • Gadani in southwestern Pakistan once used to be world’s main destination where old ships were dismantled
  • Transformation essential to reduce pollution, manage hazardous waste responsibly, says maritime affairs minister

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s government has approved Rs12 billion [$42 million] to transform a key ship-breaking yard in the country’s southwestern Balochistan province into a “model green facility” to reduce pollution and manage hazardous waste, the maritime affairs ministry said on Wednesday.

Gadani in Balochistan once used to be one of the world’s main destinations for end-of-life vessels. Here, old and decommissioned ships were regularly dismantled and their parts, especially steel, were recycled, reused or resold. 

Business at the shipyard has declined in recent years as Pakistan navigates a tricky path to recovery from a prolonged macroeconomic crisis. The ship-breaking industry has also taken a hit due to worldwide calls to stop beach scrapping because of the danger and environmental damage from pollutants left to drain into the sea. Workers, earning as little as $4 a day here, face health hazards such as exposure to lead paint and asbestos when working on ships.

“Federal Minister for Maritime Affairs, Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry has announced the approval of Rs12 billion for the transformation of Gadani Ship-Breaking Yard into a model green facility, aligning the maritime sector with international climate and environmental standards,” the ministry said. 

Chaudhry, chairing a meeting to discuss the ship-breaking yard, stressed the need for ship recycling to evolve to meet global sustainability standards. He added the transformation is essential to reduce pollution, manage hazardous waste responsibly and contribute to a greener maritime future.

“The minister said this major initiative focuses not only on modernizing infrastructure and safety mechanisms but also on addressing the climate crisis through green shipping and environmentally responsible ship recycling,” the statement added. 

Pakistan is consistently ranked among the world’s worst-affected countries due to climate change effects. Pakistan has regularly experienced irregular weather patterns such as heatwaves and unusually heavy rains that have triggered flash floods across the country. 

Syed Zafar Ali Shah, the secretary of maritime affairs, said a 30-bed hospital, residential blocks for medical staff and labor colonies will be constructed as part of the social uplift component of the project.

The official said that 32 kilometers of road, a school, a public park and modern water supply and treatment systems will be installed to support the workforce and local community in Gadani as part of the project.

Pakistan became a party to the 2009 Hong Kong Convention in December 2023, which aims to improve hazardous working conditions in ship recycling facilities worldwide. 

The minister stressed that the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (HKC) must be strictly observed. He instructed authorities to put in place a “robust monitoring mechanism” to ensure transparency and timely implementation of the project.

Chaudhry noted that Gadani produces over 1.2 million tons of steel annually, making it a critical part of Pakistan’s scrap and steel supply chain. 

“Gadani was once among the world’s largest ship-breaking hubs,” Chaudhry noted. “Today, it stands at a crossroads— either we modernize it in line with green shipping goals or risk further decline.”