Sartaj Aziz: Jinnah’s ‘selfless soldier’ with a front-row seat to Pakistani democracy, history

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Updated 14 August 2022
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Sartaj Aziz: Jinnah’s ‘selfless soldier’ with a front-row seat to Pakistani democracy, history

  • Says prevalence of “military-managed system,” politicians providing civilian facade to army rule a major failure of Pakistani history
  • Due to participation in campaign for 1946 elections, Jinnah awarded Aziz the Mujahid-e-Pakistan (Soldier of Pakstan) certificate

ISLAMABAD: Sartaj Aziz, a veteran politician, bureaucrat and longtime observer of the vicissitudes of Pakistani history, said on the eve of the 75th anniversary of the country’s birth, that a major failure of the new nation’s democratic transition was the prevalence of a “military-managed system” in which political leaders had willingly provided a civilian facade to army rule.

Since its birth in 1947, Pakistan has spent several decades under military rule: 1958 – 1971, 1977 – 1988, 1999 – 2008. And even when the army has not ruled directly, it has retained an outsized role in the country’s politics, foreign policy and national security.

Aziz, 93, passionately championed the cause of Pakistan as a student activist and was part of the election campaign for India’s 1946 provincial polls, which were won by the All-India Muslim League and are believed to have laid the path to Pakistan’s independence.

“Pakistan was created through a democratic process because of the vote that we won in 1946, but unfortunately, we could not sustain the democratic process,” Aziz, who has a storied career as a civil servant and politician, told Arab News in an interview earlier this month.




Veteran politician Sartaj Aziz speaks to Arab News in Islamabad on August 4, 2022. (AN Photo)

“The first general election took place 23 years after Pakistan was born in 1970 … in the first 28 years, there were only five years of civilian rule,” the former head of the planning commission and an ex-national security adviser said. “That is our main structural fault, that we have not been able to sustain democracy.”

Aziz lamented that political leaders in Pakistan were a “product of a military-managed system” and had provided the army a “civilian facade.”

“Obviously when you don’t have democratic institutions working, then the political parties or the political process does not take root,” the nonagenarian said, adding that no civilian prime minister or government had been able to complete its tenure in a “military-managed system” and Pakistan’s economic potential was subsequently “sacrificed.”




A picture taken on August 4, 2022 in Islamabad, Pakistan, shows a framed group photo of Islamia College Lahore students with Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. (AN Photo)

Another problem was a leadership vacuum in the country’s early years, including that the nation’s founder and first governor general Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah died a year after independence and Liaquat Ali Khan, the first prime minister, was assassinated in 1951.

“So, India made their constitution in 1950 but we could not agree on certain basic issues — how much provincial autonomy, parliamentary system or presidential system, and what’s the role of Islam — and it took us several years and in 1956 we got the first constitution,” Aziz said.




A picture taken on August 4, 2022 in Islamabad, Pakistan, shows a framed photo of a young Sartaj Aziz (left) is receiving Mujahid-e-Pakistan award from Pakistani founder Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (right) in 1946. (AN Photo)

But in 1958, President Iskander Mirza declared martial law in Pakistan and abrogated the constitution of 1956. In March 1969, General Yahya Khan took over from Ayub Khan.

General elections were held in December 1970, with Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto winning in West Pakistan and the Awami League taking nearly all seats in East Pakistan, giving it an overall majority. However, Yahya and Bhutto refused to allow the Awami League to form a government and subsequently in December 1971, India and Pakistan fought a war over East Pakistan, leading to the creation of Bangladesh.

Yahya then handed power over to Bhutto, who took over as prime minister in 1973. In 1977, another military official, Army chief General Zia-ul-Haq, seized power and Bhutto was hanged two years later on a disputed conviction for conspiring to commit a political murder.

“Bhutto’s hanging was a very big mistake … Zia-ul-Haq obviously knew that if Bhutto survived then he can’t survive,” Aziz said, counting off what he considered some of the major failures of Pakistani history. “And the judiciary also admitted later on that it was a biased decision.”

Another blunder was Pakistan’s support for the Afghan resistance after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.

“That also is a question mark as to should we have done that or should we have not done that because we are still suffering from its consequences,” Aziz said, referring to Pakistan’s decades-old problem of militancy, which is believed to be a by-product of the Afghan war.

Speaking about the run-up to partition in 1947, Sartaj Aziz said the Pakistan movement was gaining steam when he joined Islamia College, Lahore, in 1944.

The new institute of learning had become a hub of politics and was frequently visited by Jinnah who wanted young students to help spread his demand for a separate Muslim homeland.




Veteran politician Sartaj Aziz speaks to Arab News in Islamabad on August 4, 2022. (AN Photo)

“He came to Lahore 15 times between 1937 and 1947 and 11 times he came to Islamia college in those 10 years,” Aziz, who became part of campaigning for Jinnah’s Muslim League in the 1946 provincial elections, said. “And I was lucky that three times out of those 11, I was present in the Islamia college.”

“The 1945-46 elections were very important because Quaid-e-Azam’s objective was to prove that All India Muslim League was the representative body of Indian Muslims,” Aziz added.

“We sent 1,250 students to different Punjab constituencies in the batches of 6, 8 and 10 to campaign for the Pakistan Muslim league. And as a result, we won almost 85 percent of the seats in Punjab and in the country, as a whole out of 484 seats, 87 percent of seats were won. So that election of 1946 proved that the All-India Muslim League was the true representative of Muslims.”

 

 

The victory led the path for Pakistan, Aziz said:

“After the 1946 elections, the British agreed that without dealing with the All-India Muslim league it will be difficult to find a solution.”

As a result of the successful election campaign, Jinnah awarded Aziz the Mujahid-e-Pakistan – or “Warrior of Pakistan” – certificate.

“Quaid-e-Azam said that you have received Mujahid-e-Pakistan, and now you become Memar-e-Pakistan, or builder of Pakistan, so that’s how I decided my future career.” Aziz said. “My father wanted me to become a lawyer but then I decided to become a development professional because Quaid-e-Azam wanted so. So, I went to Hailey College of Commerce, and my career was changed under Quaid-e-Azam’s instructions.”

“He [Jinnah] was very affectionate with the students and would sit on the grass with us,” Aziz recalled, smiling. “He had very informal contact with us and called us his selfless soldiers.”


UK urges de-escalation as Pakistan-India crisis deepens over Kashmir attack

Updated 27 April 2025
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UK urges de-escalation as Pakistan-India crisis deepens over Kashmir attack

  • The development comes as Indian military holds naval drills and releases images of warships firing missiles
  • Deputy PM Ishaq Dar reiterates Pakistan’s resolve to defend its interests while promoting peace in the region

ISLAMABAD: The United Kingdom on Sunday urged de-escalation of tensions between Pakistan and India over a militant attack in Indian-administered Kashmir, according to the Pakistani foreign ministry, amid fears that the two nuclear-armed neighbors may go to another war.
The statement came after Pakistani and Indian troops exchanged fire in disputed Kashmir for a third night in a row, officials said Sunday, as relations between the nuclear-armed rivals plunged to their lowest level in years.
New Delhi has accused Islamabad of involvement in the latest attack in a scenic tourist resort of Pahalgam on April 22, in which 26 tourists were killed. Pakistan has denied involvement and says it is ready to take part in a credible and transparent investigation.
Amid escalating tensions, Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar spoke to UK’s Foreign Secretary David Lammy and shared the current regional situation, and Indian accusations and unilateral measures, including the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty.
“He reiterated Pakistan’s unwavering resolve to defend its national interests while continuing to promote peace and stability in the region,” the Pakistani foreign ministry said in a statement.
“UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy emphasized the importance of de-escalating the situation through dialogue and peaceful resolution of issues.”
The development came as Indian military held naval drills — releasing images of warships firing missiles — while the country’s security forces pressed on with their hunt for those behind the April 22 attack at a tourist hotspot in Pahalgam in Kashmir.
The military blamed Pakistan for the “unprovoked” firing of small arms along Kashmir’s Line of Control that separates the two countries.
“(Our) own troops responded effectively with appropriate small arms fire,” it said of the latest incident.
Speaking to reporters on Sunday in Islamabad, Pakistan’s information minister, Attaullah Tarar, said there was “no official confirmation” of any clashes at the border with India.
Kashmir has been divided between India and Pakistan since their independence from British rule in 1947. Both rule it in part but claim it in full and have fought two wars over the Himalayan territory.
This is the second time since 2019 when the two nuclear-armed nations have come close to war over Kashmir.


Pakistan dispatches another 40 tons of relief goods for Gaza

Updated 27 April 2025
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Pakistan dispatches another 40 tons of relief goods for Gaza

  • The development comes as the Palestinian death toll from the 18-month-old Israel-Hamas war rises to 52,243
  • Pakistan has consistently condemned Israeli military actions, called for uninterrupted flow of aid into Gaza

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has dispatched 40 tons of humanitarian aid for the war-affected people of Gaza, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) said on Sunday, amid continuing Israeli strikes on the Palestinian territory.
The development came as the Palestinian health ministry said hospitals in the Gaza Strip had received the remains of 51 Palestinians over the past 24 hours who were killed in Israeli strikes, bringing the Palestinian death toll from the 18-month-old Israel-Hamas war to 52,243.
The overall toll includes nearly 700 bodies for which the documentation process was recently completed, the ministry said in its latest update. The daily toll includes bodies retrieved from the rubble after earlier strikes.
Pakistan’s NDMA said the latest shipment, which is the 15th aid consignment for Gaza and the overall 26th sent to the Middle East, was sent as part of Pakistan’s ongoing humanitarian efforts.
“The latest consignment, sent in collaboration with Al-Khidmat Foundation, comprises approximately 20 tons of medicine, 5 tons of hygiene kits and 15 tons of tents,” the NDMA said.
“The aid was transported via a chartered flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, to Amman (Jordon). Royal Medical Services Jordan will receive for onward distribution to the people of Palestine.”
Israel ended its months-long ceasefire with Hamas by launching a surprise bombardment on March 18, and has been carrying out daily waves of strikes since then. Ground forces have expanded a buffer zone and encircled the southern city of Rafah, and now control around 50 percent of the territory. Israel has also sealed off the territory’s 2 million Palestinians from all imports, including food and medicine, for nearly 60 days. Aid groups say supplies will soon run out and that thousands of children are malnourished.
Pakistan, which does not have diplomatic ties with Israel, has consistently condemned Israeli military actions and called for the uninterrupted flow of humanitarian aid into the Palestinian territory.
The South Asian country has dispatched a total of 1,518 tons of relief aid exclusively for Palestine, according to the NDMA. Overall, Pakistan has dispatched 2,045 tons of humanitarian aid, including 416 tons for Lebanon and 111 tons for Syria.
“The Government of Pakistan remains steadfast in its commitment to standing with the people of Palestine and will continue to provide humanitarian assistance based on the evolving needs of those affected by the ongoing crisis,” the NDMA said.


PSL X: Peshawar Zalmi lock horns with Quetta Gladiators at Lahore’s Qaddafi Stadium

Updated 27 April 2025
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PSL X: Peshawar Zalmi lock horns with Quetta Gladiators at Lahore’s Qaddafi Stadium

  • Zalmi have lost three of their four matches this season and secured their only win over Multan Sultans
  • Gladiators, on the other hand, draw confidence from their solid 80-run win over Zalmi in PSL X opener

LAHORE: Peshawar Zalmi won the toss and chose to bowl first against Quetta Gladiators in the 17th match of the Pakistan Super League 10th edition (PSL X) at Qaddafi Stadium in Lahore on Sunday.
Zalmi have lost three of their four matches this season and secured their only win over Multan Sultans. All eyes have been on Zalmi skipper Babar Azam, who has been consistently performing in PSL X, in Sunday’s encounter against Gladiators.
Zalmi said it was “time to shine” in a post on Instagram as their skipper said they were going in with a clear approach.
“Our approach is clear — smart cricket, sharp mindset, and full fight,” Azam said after winning the toss. “Every moment, every move, with one goal in mind.”
Gladiators, on the other hand, draw confidence from their solid 80-run win over Zalmi in the PSL X opener, which gives them a psychological edge in Sunday’s encounter.
However, the Saud Shakeel-led side has failed to maintain consistency since their win against Zalmi and secured a narrow victory against Karachi Kings by defending a modest total of 142.
Fans anticipated a tough battle between Gladiators’ superior bowling line-up and Zalmi’s hard-hitting batsmen.
SQUADS
Peshawar Zalmi: Babar Azam (c), Saim Ayub, Tom Kohler-Cadmore, Mohammad Haris, George Linde, Mohammad Ali, Hussain Talat, Nahid Rana, Abdul Samad, Arif Yaqoob, Mehran Mumtaz, Sufiyan Muqeem, Najibullah Zadran, Ali Raza, Maaz Sadaqat, Mitchell Owen, Ahmed Daniyal, Alzarri Joseph, Ihsanullah
Quetta Gladiators: Saud Shakeel (c) Finn Allen, Faheem Ashraf, Mark Chapman, Abrar Ahmed, Mohammad Amir, Rilee Rossouw, Akeal Hossein, Mohammad Wasim Jr, Khawaja Nafay, Usman Tariq, Haseebullah Khan, Khurram Shahzad, Kyle Jamieson, Hasan Nawaz, Mohammad Zeeshan, Danish Aziz, Kusal Mendis and Sean Abbott


Pakistan says will not renegotiate Indus Waters Treaty with India, vows to defend rights

Updated 27 April 2025
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Pakistan says will not renegotiate Indus Waters Treaty with India, vows to defend rights

  • India suspended the key water-sharing treaty after an attack in Indian-administered Kashmir that New Delhi has blamed on Pakistan
  • Pakistan has denied involvement in the attack that killed 26 tourists and described India’s suspension of the treaty as an ‘act of war’

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan will not renegotiate the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), brokered by the World Bank, with India, Pakistani Information Minister Attaullah Tarar said on Sunday, following India’s suspension of the 1960 agreement that regulates water-sharing from the Indus River and its tributaries.
Pakistan has rights to the western rivers— Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab— for irrigation, drinking, and non-consumptive uses like hydropower, according to the Indus Waters Treaty. India controls the eastern rivers— Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej— for unrestricted use but must not significantly alter their flow. India can use the western rivers for limited purposes such as power generation and irrigation, without storing or diverting large volumes.
Relations between the neighbors have deteriorated amid heightened tensions over an attack in Indian-administered Kashmir’s Pahalgam resort town that killed 26 tourists on April 22. New Delhi has accused Islamabad of involvement in the attack. Pakistan has denied any involvement and has expressed its willingness to participate in a “credible and transparent” international investigation into the attack.
Both sides have since announced a series of punitive measures against each other, with India suspending the Indus Waters Treaty. Pakistan has described the suspension an “act of war,” vowing to defend its water rights. There are also mounting fears that India may carry out limited airstrikes or special forces raids near the border with Pakistan, raising concerns that the nuclear-armed rivals may once again come close to an all-out war.
“I do not believe so,” Tarar said, when asked by foreign media journalists whether Pakistan will accept India’s long-term demand of renegotiating the IWT.
“If ever there is reconsideration of terms, which I don’t see happening anytime in the near future, then I think India will lose out and Pakistan will benefit,” he said, adding that Pakistan, being the lower riparian, had more rights and was entitled to more water.
The top Pakistani leadership has clearly stated that if the country’s water is stopped or diverted, it will respond with “full force,” according to Tarar. Pakistan is prepared to fight and defend its water rights at every forum.
“It does not mean that we are seeking an arbitration, I think that we have always been very active and our legal team works on future prospects as well, if faced with any situation,” he said.
The minister denied any back-channel contacts between the two nuclear-armed neighbors to ease the situation at the moment.
The two neighbors have fought three wars, including two of them on the disputed region of Kashmir, since their independence from British rule in 1947. Both rule the Himalayan territory in part but claim it in full.
“At this point in time, there is no contact. There is no back channel [talks with India],” he said.
Tarar said the international community had not responded to New Delhi’s claims about the Pahalgam attack, according to India’s hopes, which was a “diplomatic success” of Pakistan.
“The international community believes in Pakistan, believes in the effort that Pakistan has made in the war against terror,” he said.
“Diplomatically, I consider statements from the world leaders as Pakistan’s successes as India was expecting a lot from the rest of the world by playing victim, but you cannot play victim without having evidence in your support.”
The minister said India had “built a false narrative on a completely baseless premise” in order to divert Pakistan’s attention from the western border with Afghanistan where it has been successfully fighting militancy.
“But we will continue to fight the war against terrorism and will continue to protect the world, the citizens of the world,” he said.
Tarar said the reason Pakistan had called for an independent, impartial, and transparent inquiry into the Pahalgam attack was because its “hands are clean,” accusing India of supporting extremism and encouraging attacks on Pakistani missions abroad.
“Their extremist ideology, through which they are encouraging their people to attack our foreign missions, has led to very unfortunate incidents,” he said.
“In London, our high commissioner was attacked twice, and stones were pelted [at the Pakistani high commission]. Let me reiterate, they shouldn’t attack our space, our world, our people as Pakistan has always defended itself.”


Pakistan army says 54 militants killed attempting to enter from Afghanistan

Updated 27 April 2025
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Pakistan army says 54 militants killed attempting to enter from Afghanistan

  • The Pakistani military alludes that the Pakistani Taliban militants were infiltrating the border at the behest of India
  • No immediate response to Pakistani military’s statement by New Delhi, which blamed Pakistan for recent attack in Kashmir

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s security forces have killed 54 Pakistani Taliban militants who were attempting to infiltrate the country’s border with Afghanistan in the northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, the Pakistani military said on Sunday.

The large group of militants attempted to infiltrate the border in Pakistan’s North Waziristan district that borders Afghanistan, according to the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the Pakistani military’s media wing. Pakistani forces precisely engaged the militants and killed all 54 of them, seizing a sizeable cache of weapons, ammunition and explosives.

Pakistan has struggled to contain surging militancy in KP in recent years, where the Pakistani Taliban have mounted their attacks against security forces and police since their fragile, months-long truce with Islamabad broke down in late 2022. Islamabad has variously accused Afghanistan and India of supporting the Pakistani Taliban and other militant groups, an allegation denied by Kabul and New Delhi.

In its statement, the ISPR said intelligence reports indicated that the group of Pakistani Taliban militants was specifically infiltrating at behest of their “foreign masters” to undertake “high-profile terrorist activities inside Pakistan.”

“Such actions by Fitna al Khwarij (FAK), at a time when India is leveling baseless accusations against Pakistan, clearly implies on whose cues FAK is operating,” it said.

“The recent [meeting of] NSC (National Security Committee) also underscored the fact that distracting Pakistan’s security forces from their focus on the war against terror seems to be the strategic intent of India to allow a breathing space to FAK which is reeling from the onslaught of our Armed Forces resolute offensive against them.”

The ISPR said this was the highest ever number of Pakistani Taliban militants killed in a single engagement and the Pakistani security forces prevented a “potential catastrophe” by demonstrating exceptional professionalism, vigilance and preparedness.

There was no immediate response to the Pakistani military’s statement by New Delhi.

The statement comes at a time of heightened tensions between Pakistan and India over an April 22 attack in Indian-administered Kashmir’s Pahalgam town, which killed 26 tourists. New Delhi blamed the attack on Pakistan, an allegation denied by Islamabad.

Both nations have since unleashed a raft of measures against each other, with Pakistan closing its airspace to Indian airlines and India suspending the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty that regulates water-sharing from the Indus River and its tributaries.

Ties between Islamabad and Kabul have also been fraught over the surge in militancy in Pakistan’s western regions that border Afghanistan. Pakistan says the Taliban’s takeover of Kabul has emboldened the Pakistani Taliban, which is a separate group but seen by Islamabad as an ally of the Taliban authorities in Afghanistan. Kabul denies the allegations and insists Pakistan’s security is an internal matter of Islamabad.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif praised the Pakistani security forces for their timely action and professionalism in preventing the militants from entering the country.

“These successful operations indicate that Pakistan is winning the war on terror and achieving significant successes against terrorists,” he said.