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Government upheavals, protest marches dominated Pakistan's political landscape in 2022

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Updated 22 December 2022
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Government upheavals, protest marches dominated Pakistan's political landscape in 2022

  • Former PM Khan became Pakistan's first PM to be removed via a parliamentary vote in April this year
  • In July, Hamza Shahbaz was dismissed as Punjab chief minister when Chaudhry Parvez Elahi was declared the victor of the election
Updated 22 December 2022
Aamir Saeed

ISLAMABAD: Protest marches, political upheavals and violence marred 2022 for Pakistan—a country already reeling from a host of economic problems—as it sought to maintain some semblance of political stability but was rocked by one controversy after another.

The dissolution and subsequent restoration of the National Assembly, by-elections on vacant seats, frequent changes in government in Punjab and a gun attack on former prime minister Imran Khan were just some of the events that dominated the political landscape this year. 

Political instability has yet to stem, with Khan demanding Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announce early elections in the country. The government has refused to budge, stating that elections would be held late next year as per schedule. 

Here is a list of events that drastically changed the political landscape in Pakistan this year and continue to impact the country's fragile democracy and rule of law. 

No trust motion against PM Khan 




This photograph released by Pakistan National Assembly on January 7, 2022, shows a general view of a parliament session in Islamabad. (Photo courtesy: @NAofPakistan/Twitter)

A delegation of senior opposition politicians submitted a motion on March 8, seeking a vote of no-confidence from then prime minister Imran Khan. In the months to come, this would have massive political implications for the country. 

Deputy Speaker dismisses the motion 




An undated file photo of the former deputy speaker of Pakistan's national assembly. (Photo courtesy: social media)

Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, Qasim Suri, dismissed the opposition’s motion on April 3 through a ruling. He termed it against Article 5 of the constitution, which states loyalty to the state was the basic duty of every citizen. 

Khan’s government accused the opposition of moving the no-confidence motion as part of a foreign conspiracy orchestrated by Washington. The allegations were vehemently denied by the US and Khan's political opponents.  

PM Khan advises President to dissolve National Assembly 




The file photo shows Pakistan's President Dr. Arif Alvi (left) and former Prime Minister Imran Khan in Islamabad, Pakistan, on July 29, 2019. (@GovtofPakistan/Twitter)

A few minutes after the deputy speaker threw out the motion, then prime minister Khan advised President Dr. Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly under article 58 of the constitution and called on the nation to prepare for fresh elections. 

Supreme Court sets asides deputy speaker’s ruling 




A general view of the Supreme Court of Pakistan building at the evening hours, in Islamabad, Pakistan on April 7, 2022. (REUTERS/File)

Not to be outdone, the opposition parties approached the Supreme Court against the deputy speaker's ruling. Pakistan's top court took, in a crucial decision, set aside the speaker’s ruling on April 7, saying that the prime minister's advice to the president was against the constitution. 

Khan ousted from power 




Pakistan's former prime minister Imran Khan addressing to the National Assembly in Islamabad on June 30, 2021. (Photo courtesy: @NAofPakistan/Twitter)

On April 9, Khan became Pakistan's first prime minister to be dismissed via a parliamentary vote. He had been the country's chief executive for three-and-a-half years. Khan was elected to office for the first time after the 2018 general elections in which his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party won the majority.

Shehbaz Sharif elected new PM 




Shahbaz Sharif speaks after winning a parliamentary vote to elect a new prime minister, at the national assembly, in Islamabad, April 11, 2022. (REUTERS/File)

On April 10, Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) President Shehbaz Sharif was elected the new prime minister of the country. Sharif was elected by the National Assembly with a thin majority of just two votes in the 342-member house. He secured 174 votes. 

Khan’s PTI boycotted the election process and later announced to tender en masse resignations from the National Assembly. 

Meanwhile, the opposition also submitted a no-confidence motion against the then chief minister of Punjab, Usman Buzdar, also a member of Khan's PTI party. The motion was submitted on March 28 to oust him from office. 

The motion kickstarted a new round of political wheeling and dealing to topple the PTI government in Pakistan's most populous province as well.

CM Punjab Usman Buzdar resigns




This undated photo shows Pakistan's Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar in Punjab Assembly. (Photo courtesy: local media)

Then governor of Punjab, Chaudhry Sarwar, accepted Buzdar's resignation as chief minister. It paved the way for a fresh election in the provincial assembly for his coveted position.  

Hamza Shehbaz elected new CM Punjab 




Hamza Shehbaz, son of Pakistan Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif, arrives before the Chief Minister of Punjab vote at the provincial assembly in Lahore on April 16, 2022. (AFP/File)

PML-N’s Hamza Shehbaz, son of PM Sharif, was elected the new chief minister of Punjab on April 16 following a chaotic session at the Punjab Assembly. Deputy Speaker Sardar Dost Muhammad Mazari was attacked while PML-Q leader Chaudhry Parvez Elahi also got injured in as scuffles broke out between PTI and PML-N legislators. 

When the dust was settled, Hamza secured 197 votes to beat Elahi, who was backed by Khan’s PTI party. 

Hamza Shehbaz’s election challenged in court 




In this undated file photo, a flock of birds flies over the Lahore High Court. (Photo courtesy: social media)

The PTI challenged Hamza’s election in the Lahore High Court (LHC), saying that its 25 dissidents had voted for Hamza against the party's directives and their votes should not be counted. On June 30, the LHC ordered the recounting of votes of Punjab chief minister’s election, excluding the votes of 25 PTI dissidents.

PTI wins back Punjab from PML-N 




A view of a polling station PP-217 in Multan, Pakistan on July 17, 2022. (Photo courtesy: Social media)

The election commission conducted by-elections on 20 Punjab Assembly seats after PTI dissidents were disqualified for voting against their party's directives. The PTI swept by the by-elections, winning 15 out of 20 seats when the results were announced on July 17. The PTI made a strong comeback and was once again in a position to elect its own chief minister in Punjab. 

Khan ally Parvez Elahi elected new CM Punjab




President of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi (center) administers oath to Chaudhry Parvez Elahi (left) as Chief Minister Punjab in Islamabad, Pakistan, on July 27, 2022. (@PresOfPakistan/Twitter)

On July 27, Pervaiz Elahi was declared the new chief minister of Punjab after the the Supreme Court struck down Punjab Assembly deputy speaker’s ruling. The deputy speaker had refused to count 10 votes in Elahi's favor, saying that they were against the directives issued by the party's head, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain. 

President Dr. Arif Alvi administered the oath to Elahi at the President House after the Governor Punjab refused to administer it. 

Meanwhile, Khan held numerous rallies in various parts of the country, demanding PM Sharif announce a date for general elections in Pakistan.

Khan commences anti-government long march in May




Supporters of Pakistan's former prime minister Imran Khan, take part in a protest rally in Attock, Pakistan, on May 25, 2022. (AFP/File)

Khan led a mass protest rally from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, while caravans from other parts of the country were also scheduled to converge in Islamabad on May 25. Khan intended to force the government to announce a date for early elections. 

However, the Sharif-led government succeeded in defusing the protest with a strict clampdown on the protesters in the federal capital. 

Khan makes history by winning six National Assembly seats out of seven 




Pakistan's former Prime Minister Imran Khan (C) speaks at an event of Karachi Bar Association in Karachi on October 14, 2022. (AFP/File)

The election commission subsequently held by-elections on nine National Assembly seats where the speaker accepted PTI legislators' resignations. 

Khan initially won six out of seven seats contested in all three provinces including Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He later won another seat in KP on which polls were delayed for a while due to the security situation. 

The win made Khan Pakistan's first politician to secure victory over eight National Assembly seats against strong candidates of the Sharif-led coalition government.

PTI’s long march begins from Lahore 




Former Pakistan prime minister Imran Khan (C) addresses his supporters during an anti-government long march towards Islamabad to demand early elections, in Lahore on October 29, 2022. (AFP/File)

Khan led another long march to Islamabad from Lahore, on October 28 to force the government to announce early elections. 

However, the march came to an abrupt halt after the PTI chairman's convoy was sprayed with bullets in Wazirabad city on November 3. Khan, along with ten other PTI supporters, sustained bullet injuries while one of his supporters was killed on the spot.

Long march resumes a week after gun attack on Khan




Former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan appears on a giant screen as he addresses an anti-government rally in Rawalpindi on November 26, 2022. (AFP/File)

Exactly one week later, Khan's long march resumed while he recuperated at his Lahore residence.  Protest caravans from across the country reached Rawalpindi on November 26 where Khan announced to dissolve the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa assemblies to opt out of what he said was a "corrupt system."

No-confidence motion against CM Punjab submitted




Punjab Chief Minister Pervaiz Elahi gestures as he speaks during an interview in Lahore, Pakistan, on February 14, 2008. (AFP/File)

The Sharif-led coalition partners once again started their struggle, especially in Punjab, to prevent the dissolution of the assemblies and submitted a no-confidence motion against Elahi on December 19.

On the other hand, the Punjab governor asked Elahi to obtain a vote of confidence as well to prove he still had the majority in the house. 

The Punjab Assembly is expected to start the voting process on the no-confidence motion this Friday while both PTI and the opposition claim they have the majority in the house. 

As Pakistan's political drama continues, the country's foreign reserves continue to deplete, unemployment remains high throughout the country and double-digit inflation still looks far from dissipating.  

UN rights body urges Pakistan to end military trials of civilians, release them on bail

Updated 9 sec ago
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UN rights body urges Pakistan to end military trials of civilians, release them on bail

  • The UN body asks the government to release all civilians detained under the jurisdiction of military courts
  • It expressed concern over ‘increasing trend of enforced disappearances,’ as well as torture, other rights issues
Updated 9 sec ago
Arab News Pakistan

ISLAMABAD: The United Nations Human Rights Committee on Thursday expressed concerns over Pakistan’s use of military courts to prosecute civilians, calling for immediate reforms to safeguard due process and fair trial standards in the country.
The committee, an expert body established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, one of the core international human rights treaties, primarily monitors its implementation by member states.
Pakistan first expanded military courts’ jurisdiction in recent years to include civilians in terrorism-related cases and lifted its moratorium on the death penalty following the killings of over 100 school children in an attack in Peshawar carried out by militants in 2014.
It has also tried supporters of former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) in these courts following the May 9, 2023, riots, in which people carrying PTI flags targeted government buildings and military installations after the ex-premier was briefly detained on corruption charges.
“The Committee remains concerned about the use of the Pakistan Army Act 1952 to prosecute civilians in military courts,” said the review document prepared by the UN body. “It is also concerned about reports that indicate a very high rate of convictions handed down by military courts and that those convicted have been sentenced to death in the majority of cases between 2015 and 2019.”
“It is further concerned that military courts lack independence and that civilians tried in military courts do not benefit from the same due process guarantees as those provided for in the civilian judicial system,” it added.
The UN body noted that Pakistan’s Supreme Court had declared the military trial of civilians unconstitutional and contrary to international human rights standards last year in October, though it added that the ruling was suspended, and expressed concern that civilians could remain under military court jurisdiction until the top court issues a final verdict.
“The State party should take prompt measures to review the legislation on military courts, abrogate their jurisdiction over civilians and their authority to impose the death penalty, and bring their proceedings into full conformity with articles 14 and 15 of the Covenant in order to ensure a fair trial,” the document said. “The State party should also release on bail all civilians detained under the jurisdiction of military courts.”
Additionally, the UN body raised broader human rights concerns in the country, noting “the increasing trend of enforced disappearances,” as well as torture and extrajudicial executions.
It particularly mentioned “arbitrary restrictions, in law and in practice, on freedom of expression online and offline, including the broad and alarmingly frequent use of Internet shutdowns,” pointing out that the overall environment in the country makes it difficult to exercise freedom of expression by journalists, activists and human rights defenders.
The UN rights body’s findings and recommendations are not legally binding on member states. However, they carry significant weight and can be used to inform advocacy efforts and to apply diplomatic pressure on countries to adhere to human rights obligations.

Topics: military trial Pakistan Army Pakistan Humanitarian Forum

Pakistan says operation launched in southwest against separatists behind August assault

Updated 4 min 26 sec ago
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Pakistan says operation launched in southwest against separatists behind August assault

  • Outlawed BLA claimed responsibility for string of coordinated attacks on Aug 25-26 in which over 50 people killed
  • Former separatist who recently surrendered to authorities addresses press conference but unclear if spoke freely
Updated 4 min 26 sec ago
Arab News Pakistan

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has launched an armed operation in its southwestern Balochistan province against separatist militants who were behind multiple attacks in August in which more than 50 people, civilians and security officials, were killed, a senior counterterrorism officer said on Friday.
The outlawed Balochistan Liberation Army group claimed responsibility for the attacks, most of which occurred on the night of Aug. 25-26 and indicated that the BLA, which has targeted security forces for years in small-scale attacks and is allied with the Pakistani Taliban (TTP), is now much more organized.
Speaking to media on Friday, Counterterrorism Department DIG Aitzaz Ahmed Goraya said two militants had been arrested and three killed in an operation over the weekend in connection with investigations into the August attacks. The two arrested militants had provided, among other leads, information on how the attacks were planned and carried out, where the funding came from, who the local facilitators of the insurgents were and where their hideouts in the mountains of Balochistan were located, Goraya said. 
“Now as I speak to you, based on the information, an operation has been launched since the last two days in Duki, Loralai and surrounding districts in which Frontier Corps, CTD, Levies, police and others are taking part,” the CTD official told reporters. 
The press conference was also addressed by a Baloch man who identified himself as Talal Aziz and said he had surrendered to authorities after a brief stint as a separatist. 
He did not specify when he had turned himself in and it was unclear under what circumstances he addressed the press conference and whether he spoke freely or under pressure from state authorities in Balochistan, a resource-rich but impoverished province where separatist militants have been fighting a decades-long insurgency to win secession of the region. Insurgents say they are fighting what they see as the unfair exploitation of the province’s mineral and gas wealth by the federation at the center. 
The Pakistani government and military deny they are exploiting Balochistan and have long maintained that neighbors such as India, Afghanistan and Iran foment trouble in the remote province and support and fund the insurgency there. 
Pakistan’s largest province, Balochistan borders Iran and Afghanistan and is home to major China-led projects such as a strategic port and a gold and copper mine. 
Speaking to media, Aziz said he had studied in Quetta and Sibi before getting a scholarship to pursue higher education at the Punjab University in the eastern city of Lahore, where he met some students from Balochistan.
“They convinced me to take up arms for the independence of Balochistan,” Aziz said, saying that later, when he went back to Balochistan during university holidays, some friends pushed him to attend a protest by the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) where he was introduced to some dissidents. 
The group says it is a human and ethnic rights movement established in response to alleged state human rights abuses in Balochistan but Pakistan’s government and army have repeatedly called it a “terrorist proxy.”
Aziz said after the BYC sit-in, he became convinced to join militants at their mountain hideouts where he claimed he met many other educated, young people like himself who had been similarly “brainwashed.” There, Aziz said he learnt that the purpose of the Baloch militants was to plot the killings of ethnic Punjabis in Balochistan, who they consider outsiders, and he soon realized that he did not want to be part of any such agenda. He then ran away and surrendered to the authorities.
“These terrorists only wanted to lead Baloch people astray and try to break up Pakistan,” Aziz concluded. 
The rise of separatist attacks in bBalochistan poses a major challenge for the weak coalition government of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, which is battling an economic crisis and political instability as well as a rise in militant violence by both religiously motivated and separatist groups across the country. 
Balochistan is also currently in the grips of civil rights protests by young ethnic Baloch who are calling for an end to what they describe as a pattern of enforced disappearances and other human rights abuses by security forces, who deny the charge.

Topics: Balochistan Attacks Baloch Liberation Army (BLA)

Pakistan eyes $25 billion IT exports in three years, 5G rollout despite roadblocks 

Updated 08 November 2024
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Pakistan eyes $25 billion IT exports in three years, 5G rollout despite roadblocks 

  • Pakistan’s IT exports face significant challenges due to Internet connectivity issues stemming from firewall installations to regulate content
  • In August, the Pakistan Software Houses Association said the country’s economy could lose up to $300 million due to Internet disruptions
Updated 08 November 2024
Hasaan Ali Khan

ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Friday reaffirmed Pakistan’s ambitions to boost its information technology (IT) exports to $25 billion in the next three years and to roll out 5G Internet services, despite challenges from firewall installations.
The Pakistan prime minister expressed these plans during his meeting with a delegation of VEON, an Amsterdam-based multinational telecommunication and digital services company, led by its chairman Augie K. Fabela, to discuss his government’s efforts to “develop and promote” the telecommunications sector, according to Sharif’s office.
The South Asian country’s IT exports face significant challenges due to Internet connectivity issues stemming from firewall installations to regulate content and social media platforms that hinder the ability of local tech firms to communicate with international clients. This results in delayed deliveries, loss of business opportunities and a tarnished reputation for Pakistan’s IT industry, ultimately stifling growth and costing millions of rupees in losses.
In August, the Pakistan Software Houses Association (P@SHA) said the country’s economy could lose up to $300 million due to Internet disruptions caused by the imposition of the firewall. However, State Minister for IT Shaza Khawaja repeatedly denied the use of firewalls by the government as a form of censorship.
“We are determined to achieve the target of increasing IT exports from Pakistan to 25 billion dollars in the next three years,” Sharif was quoted as saying by his office. “Steps are being taken to introduce 5G Internet services for faster and reliable Internet services in Pakistan.”
Sharif said the rollout of 5G services would make it possible for his government to achieve the vision of “Digital Pakistan.” He said the telecommunications sector would play an important role in promoting a cashless and digital economy, praising the work of a VEON subsidiary, Jazz Group, and expressing his government’s willingness to promote IT, digitization and artificial intelligence (AI) in Pakistan.
The visiting delegation appreciated the Pakistani government’s efforts to stabilize the economy and termed Pakistan an important country for investment in the IT sector, according to Sharif’s office.
Pakistan recorded $298 million in IT exports in June, up 33 percent from the year before. During the fiscal year that ended in June, Pakistan recorded overall IT exports of $3.2 billion, up 24 percent from $2.5 billion in the previous year.
The South Asian nation has lately encouraged its IT sector and facilitated collaborations with firms in several countries, including Saudi Arabia, China and Qatar, to boost its IT exports.
However, IT-related associations and businesses this year raised alarm over slowing Internet speeds as the federal government moved to implement the nationwide firewall to block malicious content, protect government networks from attacks, and allow authorities to identify addresses associated with what it calls “anti-state propaganda.”
In August, the Pakistan Business Council warned that frequent Internet disruptions and low speeds caused by poor implementation of the firewall had led many multinational companies to consider relocating their offices out of Pakistan, with some having “already done so.”

Pakistan’s Punjab province shuts public spaces in smog-hit cities

Updated 08 November 2024
AFP
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Pakistan’s Punjab province shuts public spaces in smog-hit cities

  • Access to parks, zoos, playgrounds, historic monuments, museums and recreational areas will be banned until Nov. 17
  • Punjab residents have been trapped in thick smog for over a week ever since the air quality index spiked above 1,000
Updated 08 November 2024
AFP

LAHORE: Pakistan’s most populated province of Punjab ordered public spaces closed in smog-hit main cities, authorities said Friday, as the country battles record air pollution.

Access to parks, zoos, playgrounds, historic monuments, museums and recreational areas will be banned until November 17 due to poor air quality, according to a local government directive seen by AFP.

The concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Lahore’s air was more than 20 times higher than the level deemed acceptable by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Multan, it was up to 48 times higher on Friday.

Punjab residents have been trapped in thick smog for over a week ever since the air quality index (AQI), which measures a range of pollutants, spiked above 1,000 — well above the level of 300 considered ‘dangerous’ — according to data from IQAir.

Schools in some of Punjab’s major cities were ordered shut on Tuesday until November 17.

The province extended that order on Wednesday to several more cities enveloped by smog, a mix of fog and pollutants caused by low-grade diesel fumes, smoke from seasonal agricultural burning and winter cooling.

The decision follows restrictions imposed last month on four “hot spots” in Lahore that banned tuk-tuks with polluting two-stroke engines, along with restaurants that operate barbecues without filters.

Seasonal crop burn-off by farmers on the outskirts of Lahore also contributes to toxic air, which the WHO says can cause strokes, heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory diseases.

Excess pollution shortens the life expectancy of Lahore residents by an average of 7.5 years, according to the University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute.

According to UNICEF, nearly 600 million children in South Asia are exposed to high levels of air pollution, which is also linked to half of childhood pneumonia deaths.

Topics: smog

Pakistan can serve as bridge between China and US — Islamabad envoy to Washington

Updated 08 November 2024
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Pakistan can serve as bridge between China and US — Islamabad envoy to Washington

  • Relations between the US and China have been strained over the past several years as both world powers seek to increase their global influence
  • The complex US-China rivalry impacts Pakistan as it navigates its strategic partnerships with both while grappling with a prolonged economic crisis
Updated 08 November 2024
KASHIF IMRAN

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan can help bridge differences between the United States (US) and China, Islamabad’s envoy to Washington said on Thursday, amid the South Asian country’s efforts to strike a balance in its ties with the two world powers.
Relations between the US and China have been strained over the past several years as both world powers seek to increase their global influence in several domains. The two nations have often had disagreements over trade, Taiwan, the South China Sea and China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
Pakistan maintains a delicate balance in its relations with China and the US. While aligned with the US for military cooperation and counter-terrorism efforts, Islamabad has strengthened economic ties with Beijing through initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
In a talk delivered at the University of California, Pakistan’s Ambassador to Washington Rizwan Saeed Sheikh underscored the strength of Pakistan-US relations and highlighted the role of the Pakistani-American community in fostering mutual growth, the state-run Radio Pakistan broadcaster reported.
“Pakistan has the potential to serve as a bridge between China and the United States,” Sheikh was quoted as saying at the event.
The statement came hours after the Pakistani Foreign Office said its relations with key longtime ally China would remain “unaffected” by Donald Trump winning the US presidential election
“Pakistan’s relations with China are all-weather,” Foreign Office Spokesperson Mumtaz Zahra Baloch said during a weekly press briefing when asked if Trump’s victory will affect the country’s China policy.
“They are strategic and a source of stability in our foreign policy.”
Baloch said Islamabad does not even need to consider the possibility that its relationship with China will be affected by any domestic development in another country.
The complex US-China rivalry impacts Pakistan as it navigates its strategic partnerships with both world powers while grappling with a prolonged economic crisis.
“Our relations with the United States are decades old, and we look forward to further strengthen and broaden Pakistan-US relationship in all fields,” Baloch said.
“As the Deputy Prime Minister said in a tweet yesterday, we look forward to fruitful and mutually beneficial cooperation between Pakistan and the United States.”
Pakistan and the US cultivated strong defense ties during the Cold War days yet their relationship was also tested by divergent priorities on various issues.
In recent years, Washington and Islamabad’s ties deteriorated as the former suspected the latter of supporting the Taliban in their 2021 takeover of Kabul, allegations which Islamabad rejected. Tensions rose further in 2022 when former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan accused the Biden administration of orchestrating his ouster via a parliamentary vote, a charge the US denied.
Pakistan, under PM Shehbaz Sharif’s two separate stints as prime minister in 2022 and 2024, has actively sought to improve its relations with the US.

Topics: Pakistan US Ties Pakistan China Ties CPEC Donald Trump

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