Mango metropolis: Pioneer Pakistani grower cultivates genome garden, aiming to plant 250 varieties

The picture taken on May 08, 2023, shows Dr. Mir Amanullah Khan Talpur posing with newly produced mangoes at a genome garden in Morjhango farms in Sindh's Umerkot district, Pakistan. (AN photo by Zulfiqar Kunbhar)
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Updated 17 May 2023
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Mango metropolis: Pioneer Pakistani grower cultivates genome garden, aiming to plant 250 varieties

  • Mir Amanullah Khan Talpur has collected 95 varieties of mango so far, including 35 imported from abroad 
  • Experts say Pakistan needs to develop heat-resistant mango varieties to face climate change challenges 

UMERKOT, Sindh: A Pakistani agriculturalist has set up a genome garden where he is cultivating 250 varieties of mango with the aim of facilitating research about the suitability of different types of the fruit and devising more practical strategies to meet its demand in the local and international markets. 

Pakistan is the world’s fifth-largest producer of mangoes after India, China, Thailand and Indonesia, with annual harvests of around 1.8 million tons. While most of the produce is consumed locally, it is also one of the top exporters of the succulent fruit, especially to the Middle East, UK, US and some European Union (EU) countries. 

Now, Mir Amanullah Khan Talpur, a 70-year-old grower from Sindh’s Umerkot district, believes his project could hold the key for future mango producers and traders. 

“As per my knowledge, this is one of the unique [mango] genome gardens [in Pakistan],” he told Arab News at the site of his project. “We will keep the data of each variety of the plant so that our future generations can know which variety is suitable and what is its performance.”




The picture taken on May 8, 2023, shows farmers working at a mango genome garden in Morjhango farms in Sindh's Umerkot district. (AN photo by Zulfiqar Kunbhar)

Talpur has collected 95 varieties so far, including 35 imported from abroad, and his target is to plant 250 varieties by the end of the year. The rationale behind the project is to gather diverse mango varieties from different countries, provinces, and local selections, known as chance seedlings. 

The project was launched in March 2021 and covers seven acres of land. While some plants have already been grafted, others are still awaiting the process. Talpur aims to compile the results within three years and preserve the findings for future generations of farmers. 

His genome garden includes exotic varieties of mangoes such as Thailand’s Mahachanok, Japan’s Miyazaki, India’s Noor Jehan and Anmol, the Philippines’ Rainbow and Carabao, and Australia’s Sensation. 

“Miyazaki is among the most expensive mangoes in the world,” Talpur said. “It is about Rs400,000 [$1,400] per kilogram. It is a Japanese variety. Other countries have also developed it so we have brought it here for its future farming.” 




A worker wraps a scion of a new mango variety in Morjhango farm in Umerkot district, Sindh on May 08, 2023. (AN photo by Zulfiqar Kunbhar)

Talpur’s farm is located on the edge of the Thar desert, providing a distinct sub-climate pocket with a unique system and weather conditions. He said the EU had conducted research on mangoes from this region and granted the local Sindhri variety the esteemed status of a superior quality mango. 

Experts highlighted the importance of developing new mango varieties that can withstand higher-than-usual temperatures to meet the challenge of climate change. 

“The temperature in the mango belt in Sindh nowadays is above 40 Celsius,” Dad Muhammad Baloch, director of the Sindh Horticulture Research Institute in Mirpurkhas, told Arab News. “Some of the local varieties cannot bear so much heat. Therefore, we need more heat-resistant varieties.” 

Rana Asif Hayat Tipu, a mango consultant from Multan, said Pakistan’s mango exports are around 120,000 metric tons, with a significant portion going to the Gulf market. He said it was also important to develop varieties which had a greater shelf life. 

“Pakistan’s leading variety with maximum shelf life is Sindhri, which is about 18 days. By contrast, if we send our mangoes to South American states, it requires 25 to 30 days,” he told Arab News. 

“Pakistan exports its mangoes to Europe only by air. However, if we send it through the sea, we can take our annual mango export to 400,000 metric tons.” 

“So, in this scenario we need more research and Amanullah Talpur’s initiative could be vital in this sense,” Tipu added. 


Pakistan says over 20,000 companies and freelancers have registered for VPNs

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Pakistan says over 20,000 companies and freelancers have registered for VPNs

  • Pakistan’s interior ministry this week ordered a ban on VPNs, citing their use by militant groups
  • Pakistan Telecommunication Authority says VPN registration can be completed on its website

ISLAMABAD: The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) this week disclosed that over 20,000 companies and freelancers have so far registered for Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) through its official website, days after it announced banning them. 
Pakistan’s Ministry of Interior sent a letter to the PTA on Friday asking it to block illegal VPNs across the country, citing their use by militant groups for financial transactions and violent activities.
This directive follows international criticism of Pakistan’s Internet restrictions, notably after the February general elections, where allegations of electoral manipulation led to the blocking of social media platform X. Media reports also suggested the government was setting up a national firewall, which had led to the slowdown of Internet speed across Pakistan. 
“To date, more than 20,000 companies and freelancers have successfully registered their VPNs through this efficient process,” the PTA said in a statement on Saturday.
The PTA said it had streamlined the VPN registration process for organizations and freelancers, saying that entities such as software houses, call centers, banks, embassies, and freelancers can now easily register their VPNs online through the PTA’s official website: www.pta.gov.pk.
It said the registration process involves completing an online form and providing basic details, including the national identity card number, company registration details and taxpayer status. 
Meanwhile, it said freelancers must submit documentation, such as a letter or email, verifying their project or company association. Additionally, it said applicants must provide the IP address for VPN connectivity. If a fixed IP address is required, it can be acquired from an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
“The registration process is free, and approvals are typically granted within 8–10 hours of submission,” the PTA said.
After the interior ministry circulated its letter calling for a ban on VPNs on Friday, the Council of Islamic Ideology, a constitutional advisory body that reviews laws to ensure they align with Islamic principles, also declared VPNs usage “un-Islamic” in a statement the same day.  
“The government and the state have the authority, from an Islamic perspective, to prevent all actions that lead to wrongdoing or facilitate it,” the council’s chairman, Raghib Hussain Naeemi, was quoted as saying in the statement. 
“Therefore, measures to block or restrict access to immoral and offensive content, including the banning of VPNs, are in accordance with Shariah.”
VPN users in Pakistan have already reported significant disruptions to services since last weekend, with issues relating to connectivity and restricted access.
Pakistan’s decision to impose online restrictions have been questioned by free speech activists and businesses alike.
PREDA, Pakistan’s first membership-based organization dedicated to promoting and protecting the interests of professionals, also wrote a letter to the government earlier in the day, appealing for the adoption of stable digital policies to support growth and build an eco system for global competitiveness.


Pakistan says ‘fully prepared’ to host Champions Trophy tournament amid India row

Updated 26 min 10 sec ago
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Pakistan says ‘fully prepared’ to host Champions Trophy tournament amid India row

  • PCB Chairman Mohsin Naqvi meets English counterpart in London to discuss Champions Trophy tournament
  • India has refused to travel to Pakistan for Feb. 9-Mar. 19 tournament next year due to political tensions

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) Chairman Mohsin Naqvi this week reiterated that the country was “fully prepared” to host the Champions Trophy cricket tournament next year, despite India’s refusal to send its cricket team to the neighboring country. 
Pakistan is scheduled to host the Feb. 19-Mar. 9 Champions Trophy 2025 tournament. However, the International Cricket Council (ICC) last week informed Pakistan that India had declined to play any games in Pakistan. The PCB has sought clarification from the ICC on the refusal.
India has not sent its cricket team to Pakistan since 2008 due to political tensions between the two countries. Pakistan was forced to agree to a “hybrid” model for the 2023 Asia Cup through which all of India’s matches were shifted to Sri Lanka. Pakistan has said it will not agree to a similar model for the Champions Trophy. 
“Mohsin Naqvi said Pakistan is fully prepared for the ICC Champions Trophy tournament,” state-run Radio Pakistan reported on Friday. 
Naqvi said this in London after meeting England and Wales Cricket Board Chairman Richard Thompson on Saturday. 
Thompson expressed his best wishes to the PCB chairman for the upcoming tournament, the state broadcaster said. 
“He said England’s recent visit to Pakistan was a wonderful experience,” Radio Pakistan reported. 
Speaking about Pakistan renovating its stadiums ahead of the multi-nation tournament next year, Naqvi said the venues are being upgraded with modern facilities. 
While India’s presence is crucial to the commercial success of the ICC event, Pakistan might pull out of the tournament should it be shifted out of the country, the Dawn newspaper reported on Tuesday citing sources.
The ICC is in talks with the PCB and the participating boards before finalizing the schedule of the eight-team tournament.
The ICC Champions Trophy 2025 tour kicked off on Saturday after the trophy was displayed at Islamabad’s Pakistan Monument and Faisal Mosque landmarks.


Pakistani environmentalist turns barren wasteland into urban forest in Karachi

Updated 34 min 30 sec ago
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Pakistani environmentalist turns barren wasteland into urban forest in Karachi

  • Masood Lohar says the forest on Clifton beach is home to over 700,000 trees and 140 bird species
  • Karachi’s urbanization has put pressure on open spaces, as developers eye every inch for construction

KARACHI: Over three years ago, Masood Lohar, a passionate Pakistani environmentalist, embarked on a mission to breathe new life into a desolate 220-acre landfill on Karachi’s Clifton beach. 
Today, the barren wasteland is a thriving urban forest, home to over 700,000 trees and a vibrant community of over 140 bird species that find sanctuary in its lush greenery and an adjacent lagoon.
“This particular place was a dump site,” Lohar said as he pointed to the trees around him, the first of which he planted exactly 46 months ago. 
“We cleaned the whole mess and then we started bringing soil from outside and started this plantation.” 
Lohar said the Sindh administration supported his venture by granting official permission to work on the forest and allocating Rs50 million ($179,540), which made its development possible.
The site, called the Clifton Urban Forest, is now a flourishing marine ecosystem, home to over 100 plant species, including native mangroves, fruit trees like pomegranates and guavas, and hardy, drought-resistant grass varieties that thrive in Karachi’s harsh climate.
The aim of Lohar’s project is not just beautifying the port city of over 20 million, which often ranks in the world’s top ten most polluted places. The main goal is to restore Karachi’s dwindling marine ecosystem. 
The city, home to the Malir and Lyari rivers, once boasted a network of creeks, lagoons, and estuaries, many of them destroyed or severely degraded over the decades by industrial development and unchecked urban sprawl. The Obhayo Lagoon, once the largest in the area, has all but vanished, while other water bodies have been cut off from the sea, reducing biodiversity and making the city more vulnerable to environmental hazards.
Lohar’s initiative has helped restore a fragment of this ecosystem by reviving a small portion of the Obhayo Lagoon.
“Now you can see that it is providing the services of a lagoon,” said the environmentalist, who has documented the sightings of 140 bird species, including lesser and greater flamingos and Siberian ducks, at the Lagoon since he launched the restoration project.
The forest is now also teeming with insects, honey bees, and native beetles, with the small creatures playing an essential role in pollination and supporting the growth of various plants and trees in the area.
Lohar’s commitment to the environment is deeply personal. A former UN program professional, he witnessed and studied firsthand worsening air quality and environmental degradation in Pakistan’s urban centers.
“I knew at that time that the time will come,” he said, referring to now record-high air pollution levels in Pakistan, particularly in cities like Lahore and Karachi.
“You see, the Pakistani cities at this moment are fighting for their breath because the air quality is getting worse and worse. And the other thing is the [seasonal] heatwaves because concrete is the dominant outlook of our cities.”
Urban forests, like the one Lohar has created, are part of the solution, he said.
Mangroves, in particular, have proven highly effective in sequestering carbon and Lohar estimates that his urban forest, a combination of mangroves and terrestrial trees, captures 6,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide annually, equivalent to the emissions of nearly 1,300 cars.
Yasir Husain, an environmentalist and founder of the Climate Action Center, said that projects like the Clifton Urban Forest were vital, though such initiatives were insufficient to address the broader environmental challenges faced by Pakistan.
“These are just [pilot projects], and the city’s challenge is enormous,” he told Arab News, adding that finding a bird sanctuary in such a stressed environment was a gratifying experience.
“These are tiny projects, if you look at it from a macro perspective of the whole city, but they’re experiments,” he continued, appreciating that urban forests were maintained despite such challenging circumstances.
Yet despite its success, Lohar’s project faces significant challenges, particularly from real estate development. 
Karachi’s rapid urbanization has increased pressure on open spaces, with developers eyeing every available inch for construction.
The urban forest itself is at risk from a development project being carried out by the Karachi Development Authority (KDA), which Lohar is worried could destroy over 300,000 of the forest’s mangroves.
KDA’s director general did not respond to a request for a comment.
“I’m not sure how that will unfold in the course of time and impact this marine ecosystem project, but I’m sure that it will definitely stress this project,” Lohar said, gesturing toward a marine wall under construction. 
“I have gone through a lot of difficulties and resources-wise and the indifference of the corporate sector and the government brings us on the verge of giving up.


Experts call for action as NASA imagery shows ominous smog cloud over Lahore, New Delhi

Updated 17 November 2024
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Experts call for action as NASA imagery shows ominous smog cloud over Lahore, New Delhi

  • Met Office expects smog to persist until mid-December and extend to areas in southern Punjab
  • Pakistani official, experts dismiss the claim that smog affecting Lahore is originating from India

KARACHI: Climate experts on Saturday raised alarms over NASA’s latest satellite imagery, which revealed a dense layer of smog stretching between Pakistan’s Lahore and India’s New Delhi, underscoring the severity of an environmental crisis that Pakistan’s meteorological department expects to persist until mid-December and extend to southern Punjab.
Toxic smog has enveloped several cities in the country’s most populous province, particularly Lahore, for over a month, driven by cold air trapping dust, diesel fumes and smoke from illegal stubble burning. In response, the provincial administration has closed schools, restricted heavy transport on specific days and banned access to public spaces such as parks and playgrounds.
The International Air Quality Index classifies values over 300 as hazardous, yet Lahore has consistently recorded alarmingly high levels, reaching up to 1,900 in certain areas in November.
On Saturday, the Punjab government conducted an artificial rain trial using local technology to combat the deteriorating air quality. The development followed days after NASA’s satellite imagery showed a massive gray cloud of smog blanketing Punjab and extending into neighboring India, including New Delhi.
Speaking to Arab News, Pakistan’s Chief Meteorologist, Dr. Sardar Sarfaraz, said the visibility of smog from space highlighted its severity.
“This heavy smog in Lahore, which has now extended to south Punjab, is expected to persist until mid-December as no significant rainfall is predicted in the coming weeks,” he said while predicting its movement to southern parts of the province.
“According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 43 percent of pollution is attributed to transportation, while 25 percent is due to industry,” he continued. “However, the Punjab government’s Urban Unit report suggests that transportation, which has seen a substantial increase, contributes 83 percent of pollution.”
Sarfaraz noted until concrete measures were taken to curb these two major sources of emissions, the situation was likely to continue.
He also dismissed the claim that smog affecting Pakistan was mostly originating from India, blaming the local factors for the situation.
“With no rainfall, the moisture generated under these conditions will condense, leading to smog formation, no matter if it stops coming from anywhere,” he explained.
Yasir Hussain, a climate expert and founder of the Climate Action Center, said that NASA’s image and ground-level observations painted a “dangerous” picture.
“This is extremely dangerous for all inhabitants of this area,” he said, adding that air quality was deteriorating year after year.
“Urgent measures are needed to address the primary source of pollution: vehicles burning petrol and diesel,” he added.
Nadeem Mirbahar, a climate expert, emphasized to deal with the local factors causing the problem.
“There was an opinion that smog from India combines with local pollutants to intensify the problem,” he said. “However, a recent study by the Punjab government has identified local sources, primarily transportation, as major contributors.”
“If there’s an Indian or external factor, a specific strategy can be devised for it in long run,” he added. “But the immediate priority lies in addressing local issues.”
Mirbahar maintained air quality exceeding 350 was “catastrophic” and posed serious health risks to vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, pregnant women, patients and the working classes.
“Transportation should be regulated by minimizing its use along with long-term solutions like transitioning to electric vehicles,” he continued. “Increased plantation can also help reduce smog levels over time.”
“The air quality will not improve if pollution-related activities linger,” he added. “Only sustained and significant rainfall can alleviate the situation.”


Government seeks swift justice in May 9 rioting cases as US lawmakers urge Imran Khan’s release

Updated 16 November 2024
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Government seeks swift justice in May 9 rioting cases as US lawmakers urge Imran Khan’s release

  • Pakistan’s information minister says there’s ‘incontrovertible evidence’ of PTI’s involvement in May 9 violence
  • His assertion comes after 40 US lawmakers raised concern over Khan’s imprisonment in a letter to Biden

ISLAMABAD: Information minister Attaullah Tarar on Saturday urged the judiciary to deliver swift justice in May 9 rioting cases while presenting “incontrovertible evidence” against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), a day after US lawmakers urged President Joe Biden to advocate for the release of the party’s jailed founder, ex-premier Imran Khan.
The violence on May 9, 2023, erupted after Khan’s brief detention on graft charges, with individuals carrying PTI flags vandalizing government buildings and military properties, including setting fire to the official residence of a senior Pakistani general.
PTI has denied any involvement in the violence, maintaining that neither its leaders nor supporters orchestrated the riots, while complaining about a sweeping state crackdown targeted the party.
During a news conference in Lahore, Tarar played videos from May 9, asserting that the footage clearly implicated PTI in the rioting.
“This is incontrovertible evidence,” he said. “Now it is the responsibility of the courts to ensure swift justice.”
The minister asked PTI leaders to publicly apologize over the May 9 events, which he described as part of a larger conspiracy against Pakistan.
His assertion came only a day after more than 40 US lawmakers raised concerns about the former prime minister’s imprisonment, asking President Biden to push for his release.
“A focal point of our concern is the unlawful detention of former Prime Minister Imran Khan, widely perceived to be Pakistan’s most popular political figure,” the letter said, seeking a more active approach from the US embassy in Pakistan, including “advocating for the release of political prisoners, the restoration of human rights, or respect for democratic principles” in the country.
The letter follows a similar note written last month by the over 60 US lawmakers to Biden, asking him to use his administration’s “substantial leverage” with Pakistan to secure Khan’s release.
The former Pakistani prime minister had accused the Americans of hatching a conspiracy against his administration shortly before his ouster from power in a parliamentary no-trust vote in April 2022.
He was viewed to be critical of US policies, though his supporters believe the change of government in Washington could help secure his release from prison after President-elect Donald Trump takes over.