In Pakistan’s north, ancient ‘Shaq Khang’ homes on the brink of extinction

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Updated 27 May 2023
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In Pakistan’s north, ancient ‘Shaq Khang’ homes on the brink of extinction

  • Centuries-old building technique uses poplar and willow twigs and plaster made of natural ingredients
  • Traditional houses are weather, earthquake resistant, which is important in seismically active region

KHAPLU, Gilgit-Baltistan: In northern Pakistan, ancient homes that have withstood earthquakes, inclement weather and the ravages of time may not be able to withstand the appeal of modern architecture.

Centuries-old houses known as Shaq Khang, woven with the twigs of poplar and willow trees, are increasingly giving way to modern construction and architectural styles in the picturesque Gilgit-Baltistan region, especially in Bara Valley, where the unique houses are most prevalent.

“Shaq is a name derived from the twigs of poplars and willows in the local Balti language,” Muhammad Ali, a 65-year-old resident of Bara Valley, said. “Shaq is made, knitted from [twigs of] poplar and willows trees. Beams, pillars, and walls are also made from the same trees.”




The still image taken from a video recorded on May 23, 2023 shows a Shaq Khang, a centuries-old architectural style house in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. (AN Photo)

The natural construction materials, Ali said, offered more insulation, keeping the interiors of homes warm during winter and cool during summer.

Ali is from the village of Tatos, which roughly translates to ‘now see’. Due to its height, it offers a panoramic view of Khaplu, the administrative capital of Ghanche District.

“Everyone comes here to see [the view]. But due to the dilapidated condition of the road, only a few tourists visit here,” Ali said.

Many tourists come to see the ancient homes, he said, “made before the partition of the subcontinent.”

Ghulam Muhammad, a 75-year-old resident of the town, concurred that many of the area’s Shaq Khang homes had lasted several generations.

Two historians Arab News spoke to said there was no recorded history of how old the technique of making Shaq Khang was.

“Shaq never falls apart,” Muhammad said. “The life of cement is 100 years after which it deteriorates. Metals catch rust and break. But wood never gets spoiled even after 500 years. This is the beauty of Shaq.”

Muhammad added that the traditional houses were “quake-resistant,” which was important in the seismically active region.

Dr. Muhammad Arif, a historian and former director-general at the Department of Archaeology and Museums in Islamabad, emphasized the significance of Shaq for GB’s ancient culture. The houses were low-cost and easy to build also, he added, requiring minimal upkee, and suited to the mountainous environment and extreme weather conditions.

“The twigs of poplars and willows are intricately woven together to form the walls of Shaq, creating a strong and interconnected structure,” he told Arab News. “To enhance its strength, we apply a plaster of mud mixed with various substances. For example, we add husk to make the mud more compact, and we even incorporate apricot juice to strengthen it like cement.”

“[They are] earthquake-resistant and very flexible. That’s why, whenever an earthquake comes, the whole unit will shake [but] not fall,” Arif added. “If the home is made of stone and other things, there is a chance of falling.”

But with increasing wealth, people were opting for cement houses as a “fashion statement,” Arif lamented, though the modern structures lacked weather-friendliness and failed to protect the inhabitants from extreme temperatures.

The decline in the number of traditional houses had also raised concerns about the loss of the region’s cultural heritage.

“This architecture is our asset, these Shaq Khang homes are our recognition,” Arif said. “And it is a fact that this architecture is disappearing from the region as people are making modern houses.”

“This is an important part of our culture and to revive these houses is the need of the time. Tourists can also be attracted to this region through these ancient buildings. If we don’t play our role to revive these, our history will also be disappeared.”

Wazir Ejaz, CEO of the Baltistan Cultural Development Foundation (BCDF), told Arab News the group was trying to conserve the homes.

“We have trained many locals in Skardu and Ghanche districts of Ghanche to make Shaqs,” he said. “And [with the help] of Baltistan University, we will train more locals to build them.”


Pakistan likely to hike defense spending but slash overall budget in 2025-26

Updated 6 sec ago
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Pakistan likely to hike defense spending but slash overall budget in 2025-26

  • Media reports say government likely to present Rs17.6 trillion ($62.45 billion) budget for budget 2025-26
  • Analysts expect increase of around 20 percent in defense budget likely offset by cuts in development spending

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan will unveil its annual federal budget for the coming fiscal year later on Tuesday, seeking to kickstart growth while finding resources for an expected hike in defense expenditure following the conflict with India last month.

Islamabad will also have to contend with remaining within the discipline of its International Monetary Fund program and the uncertainty from new trade tariffs being imposed by the United States, its biggest export market.

Media reports say the government is likely to present a 17.6 trillion rupee ($62.45 billion) budget for the fiscal year beginning July 1, down 6.7 percent from this fiscal year. It has projected a fiscal deficit of 4.8 percent of GDP, against a targeted 5.9 percent deficit in 2024-25, the reports say.

Analysts said they expect an increase of around 20 percent in the defense budget, likely offset by cuts in development spending.

Pakistan allocated 2.1 trillion Pakistani rupees ($7.45 billion) for defense in the outgoing fiscal year, including $2 billion for equipment and other assets. An additional 563 billion rupees ($1.99 billion) was set aside for military pensions, which are not counted within the official defense budget.

India’s defense spending in its 2025–26 (April-March) fiscal year was set at $78.7 billion, a 9.5 percent increase from the previous year, including pensions and $21 billion earmarked for equipment. It has indicated it will step up expenditure following the May conflict with Pakistan.

The government of Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has projected 4.2 percent economic growth in 2025-26, saying it has steadied the economy, which had looked at risk of defaulting on its debts as recently as 2023. Growth this fiscal year is likely to be 2.7 percent, against an initial target of 3.6 percent set in the budget last year.
Pakistan’s growth lags far behind the region. In 2024, South Asian countries grew by an average of 5.8 percent and 6.0 percent growth is expected in 2025, according to the Asian Development Bank.

RATE CUTS NOT ENOUGH

Expansion of the economy should be aided by a sharp drop in the cost of borrowing, the government says, after a succession of interest rate cuts by the central bank. But economists warn that monetary policy alone may not be enough, with fiscal constraints and IMF-mandated reforms still weighing on investment.
Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb said on Monday that he wanted to avoid Pakistan’s boom and bust cycles of the past.

“The macroeconomic stability that we have achieved, we want to absolutely stay the course,” he said. “This time around we are very, very clear that we do not want to squander the opportunity.”

The budget is expected to prioritize expanding the tax base, enforcing agriculture income tax laws, and reducing government subsidies to industry, to meet the terms of a $7 billion IMF bailout signed last summer. Just 1.3 percent of the population paid income tax in 2024, according to the tax authorities, with agriculture and the retail sector largely outside of the tax net.

The IMF has urged Pakistan to widen the tax base through reforms which include taxing agriculture, retail, and real estate.

Ahmad Mobeen, senior economist at S&P Global Market Intelligence, said that he expected the revenue target for 2025-26 will be missed.

“The shortfall will mostly be owing to lack of optimal implementation of announced measures as well as absence of meaningful structural reforms to widen the tax net in general,” said Mobeen.

 ($1 = 281.8400 Pakistani rupees)
 


Pakistan’s Punjab says ongoing heat wave likely to continue till Thursday

Updated 16 min 49 sec ago
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Pakistan’s Punjab says ongoing heat wave likely to continue till Thursday

  • Pakistan ranks among top 10 countries most vulnerable to climate change, faces irregular weather patterns
  • Heat wave may be severe in Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Multan, says state broadcaster

ISLAMABAD: The Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) in Pakistan’s Punjab said this week that the ongoing heat wave in the country’s most populous province is likely to continue till Thursday. 

Pakistan’s Meteorological Department last week forecast that the ongoing heat wave in the country will continue throughout the Eid Al-Adha holidays . It said day temperatures are likely to remain 5°C to 7°C above normal in the upper half (central & upper Punjab, Islamabad, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan).

Pakistan ranks among the top ten countries most vulnerable to climate change and has faced increasingly frequent extreme weather events in recent years, including deadly heatwaves and devastating floods.

“Provincial Disaster Management Authority Punjab has cautioned that current heat wave will likely to continue in the province till Thursday,” state broadcaster Radio Pakistan said in a report on Monday. “He said that the heat wave may be severe in Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Multan of South Punjab.”

Director General of PDMA Punjab Irfan Ali Kathia said that under the chief minister’s directions, the supply of water is being ensured in the Cholistan desert region located in southern Punjab. He warned that special care of the children, elderly and the sick should be taken during this time period.

Pakistan experienced its most recent heatwave in May but no loss of life was reported.
In June 2024, nearly 700 people died in less than a week during a severe heatwave in the country, with most fatalities reported in the port city of Karachi and other parts of the southern Sindh province.

A similar heatwave in 2015 claimed over 2,000 lives in Pakistan’s largest city Karachi alone, while catastrophic floods in 2022 left more than 1,700 people dead and displaced over 33 million across the country.


From Pakistan to the Middle East: Art director Hashim Ali champions regional creative expansion

Updated 30 min 10 sec ago
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From Pakistan to the Middle East: Art director Hashim Ali champions regional creative expansion

  • Cultural overlaps, thirst for diverse aesthetics reshaping industries in Gulf are offering vast opportunities for Pakistanis, Ali says
  • Artist says felt “empowered” while directing Pakistani fashion and Sufi music show at Qatar’s Museum of Islamic Art in January

LAHORE: When one of Pakistan’s most renowned art directors Hashim Ali landed in the Qatari capital of Doha earlier this year, he wasn’t quite prepared for how much the city and its creative scene had transformed since he last visited around seven years ago.

Ali, who directed a Pakistani fashion and Sufi music show at Qatar’s Museum of Islamic Art in January, was mesmerized by the cultural transformation in the Gulf nation, balancing its traditional heritage with modernization and global influences. 

In recent years, Qatar has established numerous museums, art galleries, and heritage centers, including the Museum of Islamic Art, Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, and the National Museum of Qatar. The country has also emerged as a major player in the global art world, with significant investments in the arts and culture sector. 

Looking at the transformation, Ali said the time was ripe for Pakistani designers and artists to expand their reach to the Gulf, where cultural overlaps and a hunger for diverse aesthetics are reshaping creative industries.

“Everybody who asks me that we want to expand our business, I say expand to the Middle East because the way that region is growing, it’s not just the buildings, it’s the mindset and the heart,” Ali, who provides production design, art direction and styling services to various industries in Pakistan, told Arab News.

The 34-year-old art director, who graduated in Visual Communication Design from Lahore’s National College of Arts (NCA), said his experience in Doha was quite “empowering” as he was able to present his hometown of Lahore to the world.

“You had this showcase of Pakistan, and the entire space was turned into a Chahar Bagh [Persian quadrilateral garden] for the night with oil lamps and flowers, all the napkins were hand-done from Lahore, we got block printers involved who did the Mughal motifs on them,” Ali said. 

“The entire experience was so almost empowering that you are bringing parts of Lahore to the world and you’re showing the world that we just not only do Sufi music, we do great fashion of different kinds.”

Ali, known for creating intricate and stunning sets, said Middle Eastern creatives responded to Pakistani culture because of the cultural and religious similarities between the two regions.

“So, the collaboration, it’s set in stone that it’s going to happen,” he added. 


Sana Mir becomes first Pakistani woman to be inducted in ICC Hall of Fame

Updated 53 min 47 sec ago
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Sana Mir becomes first Pakistani woman to be inducted in ICC Hall of Fame

  • Mir inducted alongside former greats Graeme Smith, Hashim Amla, Matthew Hayden, Daniel Vettori and Sarah Taylor
  • Mir played over 200 white-ball matches for Pakistan, picking up 150 wickets in 121 ODIs and 89 wickets in 106 T20Is

KARACHI: Former Pakistan cricketer Sana Mir made history this week when she became the first woman from her country to be inducted into the International Cricket Council (ICC) Hall of Fame alongside other cricket greats. 

ICC announced the names of the inductees which included Mir, former South African batters Graeme Smith and Hashim Amla, Matthew Hayden of Australia, Daniel Vettori of New Zealand and England’s Sarah Taylor on Monday. 

The ICC Hall of Fame pays tribute to the extraordinary achievements of cricket legends who have shaped the sport’s rich history with players inducted only five years after they have played their last international match. 

“A veteran in over 100 matches in both formats of white-ball cricket, Sana Mir becomes the first Pakistan woman cricketer to be inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame,” the ICC said in a post on its website on Monday. 

Mir has several accolades under her belt. The cricketer remains the highest wicket-taker in ODIs and the second-highest in T20Is among Pakistani women. Mir was also the first Pakistani woman cricketer to pick up 100 ODI wickets.

The former off-spinner has remained a prolific cricket voice off the field as well, amplifying a strong stance on body shaming, prioritizing mental health and helping people affected by the coronavirus pandemic. 

Mir played international cricket for 15 years, captaining Pakistan for eight of those. She picked up 150 wickets in 121 ODIs and 89 wickets in 106 T20Is, scoring 1630 and 820 runs respectively. Her best year was 2014 in which she collected 21 wickets in 11 ODIs while leading the team to an Asian Games gold medal, a feat she had achieved in 2010 as well, one year after being appointed as captain.

In 2018, Mir became the first Pakistani woman to reach the top of the ICC ODI Player Rankings. She was also the first Asian woman cricketer to play 100 T20Is, along with being the first Pakistan woman cricketer to play 100 ODIs.

She was also the first Pakistani woman cricketer to win the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) Cricketer of the Year award and now is the first Pakistani woman to be inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame.

The ICC credited Mir for speaking up for women’s rights and pushing women’s cricket in Pakistan. In 2019, she was included in the ICC Women’s committee as one of the three player representatives and was named the ambassador of the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup Qualifier in 2024.

“Mir knew she was doing the right thing and continued to live by her words, inspiring thousands of girls in not just her country but across the globe,” the ICC said. 


Pakistan to unveil national budget today as it eyes sustainable growth

Updated 10 June 2025
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Pakistan to unveil national budget today as it eyes sustainable growth

  • Pakistan released pre-budget document a day earlier which said economy expected to grow 2.7 percent in outgoing fiscal year
  • Budget comes as Pakistan undertakes efforts to navigate tricky path to economic recovery, guided by IMF-backed fiscal reforms

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s coalition government will unveil the national federal budget today, Tuesday, for the fiscal year till June 2026 with Islamabad eyeing sustainable economic growth and vowing to continue ahead with painful fiscal reforms to ensure that. 

The budget comes a day after the government unveiled the annual Economic Survey, a pre-budget document assessing the economy’s trajectory over the past year, which said Pakistan’s economy is expected to grow 2.7 percent in the outgoing fiscal year, missing Islamabad’s 3.7 percent target. 

The budget every year highlights the government’s plans to raise revenue, outlines its expenditures, states inflation and growth assumptions as well as allocations for several areas such as defense, education, health and other sectors of the economy. 

“The Federal Budget for the next fiscal year will be presented in the National Assembly on Tuesday,” state broadcaster Radio Pakistan reported, adding that the lower house of parliament will meet at 5:00 p.m. for the session. 

“Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb will present the Federal Budget in the National Assembly and later he will lay a copy of the Finance Bill, 2025, containing the Annual Budget Statement before the Senate.”

The budget comes as Pakistan undertakes efforts to navigate a tricky path to economic recovery. The South Asian country, which came to the brink of a sovereign default in June 2023, has since then undertaken painful macroeconomic reforms that it credits for gains such as a low inflation rate, increasing investors’ confidence in the stock market and current account surpluses. 

Pakistan has vowed to stay the course of long-term reforms, which include widening the tax net, taking steps to privatize loss-making state-owned assets, slashing subsidies and undertaking reforms in energy and other vital sectors.

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) team concluded its visit to Pakistan last month after discussions with authorities regarding the budget, broader economic policy and reforms under its ongoing $7 billion loan program for the country.

The IMF last month approved the first review of Pakistan’s loan program, unlocking a $1 billion payment. A fresh $1.4 billion loan was also approved under the IMF’s climate resilience fund. The IMF’s loan is vital for Pakistan which is trying to revive its debt-ridden economy. 

In a televised news briefing on Monday afternoon while releasing the Economic Survey, Aurangzeb reaffirmed the government’s commitment to implementing IMF-backed structural reforms to transform the fundamentals of Pakistan’s economy.

“The DNA of Pakistan’s economy has to be fundamentally changed through tax and energy reforms that have started showing remarkable results,” he said.

According to the survey, Pakistan’s revenues rose sharply over the past year. It said tax collections increased by 26.3 percent to Rs9.3 trillion ($32.9 billion), while total revenues stood at Rs13.4 trillion ($47.5 billion). The primary surplus also improved to 3.0 percent from 1.5 percent.

Government expenditure during this period rose to Rs16.3 trillion ($58 billion), with current and development spending increasing by 18.3 percent and 33 percent, respectively. On the external front, Pakistan recorded a sharp turnaround in its current account, moving from a $1.3 billion deficit to a $1.9 billion surplus, driven by improved exports and record remittance inflows.