Doctors provide tips on how to stay healthy during the Hajj pilgrimage

A medical practitioner says pilgrims must be aware of their own medical history and should take precautions. (Huda Bashatah/AN)
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Updated 01 July 2023
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Doctors provide tips on how to stay healthy during the Hajj pilgrimage

  • Health professionals urge visitors to be mindful of respiratory illnesses, food poisoning and heat stroke
  • While the WHO has declared the pandemic over, pilgrims should be aware COVID-19 is still circulating

DUBAI: More than 2 million Muslims are expected to take part in this year’s Hajj pilgrimage to Makkah — a spiritual journey that forms an integral part of the Islamic faith. The visit, however, can be extremely demanding on the body and mind.

As pilgrims descend on Saudi Arabia for the six-day journey to the holy sites, doctors are encouraging visitors to prioritize their health so that they are able to complete the religious rituals before celebrating Eid later in the week.

Contrary to the rules put in place over the last two years, Saudi Arabia is no longer imposing an age limit on older pilgrims. As a result, the number of Muslims performing Hajj in 2023 is expected to return to, or even surpass, pre-pandemic levels.

Following the World Health Organization’s announcement last May declaring the COVID-19 pandemic over, pilgrims are now free to experience Hajj without complicated travel and quarantine requirements and grueling testing and social distancing restrictions.




Pilgrims are now free to experience Hajj without complicated travel and quarantine requirements and grueling testing and social distancing restrictions. (Huda Bashatah/AN)

That said, Muslims who traveled this year were still required to have received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine and one booster, as well as vaccinations against seasonal viruses such as influenza and meningitis.

“While the COVID-19 pandemic has been declared over by some governments, the virus is still circulating and there is a risk of it spreading during the Hajj season as it involves a large gathering of people from all over the world,” Dr. Mamdouh Masoud, a general practitioner at Almana Group of Hospitals in Saudi Arabia, told Arab News.

Masoud said pilgrims remain at risk of developing health problems, not least from contagious infections.

“The most common health problems we see during this period include respiratory infections, heat-related illnesses, dehydration, cardiovascular disease, and trauma,” he said.

Whether walking around the Holy Kaaba in Makkah, performing the circumambulation seven times between the Safa or Marwa, or traveling between Mina and Arafat or Makkah and Madinah, Hajj requires a person to be physically strong and somewhat fit.

Masoud said pilgrims must be aware of their own medical history and should take precautions, such as staying hydrated, taking medications on time, using face masks, avoiding crowded places, and refraining from strenuous activity, particularly in hot weather, in order to reduce the risk of illness.




It is important for pilgrims to protect themselves from extreme heat by drinking lots of fluids, taking breaks, and staying in the shade as much as possible. (Abdulrahman Alshalhoub/AN)

According to Dr. Sarla Kumari, an internal medicine physician at the Canadian Specialist Hospital, the spread of respiratory tract infections is common during Hajj due to mass gatherings.

This is followed by gastro-intestinal infections, more specifically diarrhea, as a result of poor hand hygiene, as well as meningitis infections.

“The main pathogen resulting in diarrhea is E. coli, and Saudi Arabia specifically has a high rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli,” said Kumari.

Another is salmonella, which is often the cause of severe diarrhea among pilgrims and requires medical attention and proper rehydration.

“In the last few years the government has set up special clinics and those suffering from these symptoms should attend those clinics which are equipped to handle these kinds of issues effectively,” said Kumari.

Given that Hajj has fallen during the summer months in recent years and will continue to do so for several more, Masoud said it is important for pilgrims to protect themselves from extreme heat by drinking lots of fluids, taking breaks, and staying in the shade as much as possible.

“The hot weather in Saudi Arabia during Hajj seasons can increase the risk of heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and dehydration … and these illnesses can be serious,” he said.




Pilgrims are advised to regularly apply sunscreen and carry an umbrella to help protect themselves from ultraviolet rays. (Huda Bashatah/AN)

Dr. Farhana bin Lootah, an internal medicine consultant at Imperial College London Diabetes Centre in Abu Dhabi, advised pilgrims to regularly apply sunscreen and carry an umbrella to help protect themselves from ultraviolet rays.

“Consuming plenty of fluids is also very important to avoid dehydration, which can potentially escalate into heat exhaustion, a serious health emergency,” she said.

For those with chronic illnesses, however, adhering to general safety measures can go a long way toward keeping them healthy.

Pilgrims with long-term health conditions must remember to carry their prescription medications at all times, along with face masks, a first aid kit, and an umbrella for hotter days, said bin Lootah.

Items like cooling creams, disposable towels and comfortable footwear can also help make the trip more comfortable.




Pilgrims are advised to regularly apply sunscreen and carry an umbrella to help protect themselves from ultraviolet rays. (Abdulrahman Fahad Bin Shulhub/AN)

“Preparations for Hajj have been underway for a long time, and pilgrims are treated with the utmost caution to their safety,” bin Lootah said.

However, for patients with heart disease, it might be advisable to wear masks when in crowds to avoid any kind of respiratory diseases commonly found in densely populated areas.

For those with diabetes, bin Lootah added, it is essential to bring along a glucose meter to check blood sugar levels throughout the trip.

“Again, my general advice to pilgrims would be to maintain good hygiene and to wash your hands before handling any food or water, and using sanitizer when permitted,” she said.


Iranian consul general commends Saudi Arabia for smooth pilgrim departure

Updated 23 June 2025
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Iranian consul general commends Saudi Arabia for smooth pilgrim departure

  • Smooth procedures reflect the care for pilgrims by the Kingdom and its leadership
  • Services provided to Iranian pilgrims confirm the Kingdom’s consistent respect for all nations

RIYADH: Consul General of Iran in Jeddah Hassan Zarnegar praised the organization and facilities provided to Iranian pilgrims during their departure via Arar airport and the Jadidat Arar border crossing in the Northern Borders region.

He said the smooth procedures reflect the care for pilgrims by the Kingdom and its leadership, and demonstrate attention to pilgrims from all countries, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Monday.

Zarnegar added: “The streamlined procedures — from disembarkation and swift passport processing to organized bus transfers — reflect efficient pilgrim management.”

He said that the services provided to Iranian pilgrims confirm the Kingdom’s consistent respect for all nations.

He added that Saudi-Iranian relations are rooted in religious and neighborly ties, and the care shown to Iranian pilgrims reflects this spirit of brotherhood.

On behalf of himself and the Iranian ambassador, Zarnegar expressed gratitude to the Saudi leadership for their care and support, provided as part of an integrated system.

Meanwhile, Director General of the Border Guards Maj. Gen. Shaya Al-Wadaani inspected the work of personnel at the Jadidat Arar border crossing and monitored services supporting pilgrims’ departure after Hajj.

Al-Wadaani reviewed the procedures facilitating Iranian pilgrims’ exit, following directives from King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to ensure proper services and support.

He confirmed that the Border Guard has mobilized all resources, in coordination with relevant authorities, to deliver the best services and ensure a smooth departure process.


Hazaa plant flourishes in Saudi Arabia’s northern deserts

Updated 23 June 2025
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Hazaa plant flourishes in Saudi Arabia’s northern deserts

  • Due to its ability to handle high levels of drought and salinity, Hazaa has proved its ability to survive in difficult climatic conditions
  • Plant is known for its captivating aroma, and reaches a height of approximately 35 centimeters

RIYADH: Despite the harsh desert climate in Saudi Arabia’s Northern Borders province, native plants have found a way not only to survive but to thrive.

Among the local flora is the Hazaa plant, known scientifically as Ducrosia anethifolia.

The plant is native to the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, and is part of the Apiaceae family of plants, which includes crops and medicinal plants, according to the Saudi Press Agency.

Due to its ability to handle high levels of drought and salinity, Hazaa has proved its ability to survive in difficult climatic conditions.

The plant is known for its captivating aroma, and reaches a height of approximately 35 centimeters.

In addition, its unique appearance comes from its long, oval-shaped gray-green leaves that have sharp points, making the plant easily recognizable among other plants in the wild.

Along with its pleasant smell, the plant produces small, light yellow, umbrella-like flowers during the flowering season, with 12 to 18 flowers on each stem.

The Northern Borders region is also home to other plant species, including Reseda alba, Salsola tetrandra shrubs and lavender.


Kingdom adds 5,969 architectural heritage sites to national register

Updated 23 June 2025
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Kingdom adds 5,969 architectural heritage sites to national register

  • Total is now 34,171, reflecting the cultural richness, diversity of all regions
  • Sites are added to digital maps for easier management, protection and preservation

RIYADH: The Heritage Commission has registered 5,969 new architectural heritage sites in the National Register of Architectural Heritage, bringing the total to 34,171.

These sites reflect the richness and diversity of architectural heritage across the Kingdom’s regions, according to the Saudi Press Agency.

The newly registered sites are: 3,893 in Asir, 761 in Qassim, 499 in Baha, 483 in Makkah, 258 in Riyadh, 60 in Hail, eight in Jazan, four in Jouf, and three in the Eastern Province.

The commission said its registration efforts are ongoing and cover all regions. The process is based on heritage regulations and follows a board decision authorizing the commission’s CEO to register sites.

The initiative aims to protect heritage sites from encroachment or neglect and ensure their preservation for future generations, the SPA reported.

Registering new sites is part of a broader effort to identify, document and manage cultural sites. The sites are added to digital maps for easier management, protection and preservation. A comprehensive database is being built, including documentation and photographic archives.

The commission encouraged citizens and enthusiasts to report urban heritage sites through its reporting platform, X account, or regional branches. It also praised public awareness and participation in preserving national heritage.

Last week, the commission also announced the addition of 744 new archeological sites to the National Antiquities Register, raising the total to 10,061.

The new archeological sites are distributed as follows: Riyadh (253), Madinah (167), Najran (86), Tabuk (72), Asir (64), Qassim (30), Jazan (23), Eastern Province (13), Hail (13), Makkah (11), Jouf (10). and Northern Borders (2).


Saudi royal reserve tightens entry, picnic rules

Updated 23 June 2025
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Saudi royal reserve tightens entry, picnic rules

  • Updates aim to protect the environment, vegetation, and wildlife while encouraging ecotourism through public excursions and outdoor activities
  • Visitors can access the reserve daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. with prior authorization via the authority’s website

RIYADH: The King Abdulaziz Royal Reserve Development Authority has updated entry and picnic regulations for the Al-Suman and Al-Dahna areas within the location. 

The updates aim to protect the environment, vegetation, and wildlife while encouraging ecotourism through public excursions and outdoor activities.

Visitors can access the reserve daily from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. with prior authorization via the authority’s website, the Saudi Press Agency reported recently. 

Permit requests must be submitted at least two days in advance and include visitor details, companion information, vehicle type, and a commitment to follow environmental rules. 

Registered residents of administrative centers within the reserve are exempt from this requirement, the SPA added. 

The authority stressed the importance of complying with regulations, including bans on hunting, wood gathering, open fires, driving over vegetation, littering, noise, visual pollution, and any other harmful activities. 

These measures aim to limit environmental damage, especially in ecologically rich areas showing notable recovery in recent years. 

The update aligns with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 goals for royal reserves and the Saudi Green Initiative, which seeks to protect recent environmental gains and promote wildlife and plant growth in thriving basins and meadows.


How Saudi child life specialists are supporting young patients

Updated 23 June 2025
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How Saudi child life specialists are supporting young patients

  • Emerging field focuses on welfare of children undergoing medical treatment
  • Specialists aim to reduce anxiety by using play, educating patients

RIYADH: When a 9-year-old boy recovering from a kidney transplant refused to turn on the lights or speak to anyone, a child life specialist entered his room and comforted him by playing in the dark. Weeks later, she watched him take his first steps to recovery, both physically and emotionally.

Raghad Al-Salamah, among the first Saudis to work in the child life field, said the genre plays an important role in preparing children and families for the experience of hospitalization.

She told Arab News: “The main focus of child life is helping families and children cope with their hospitalization and cope with their negative experiences.”

Child life specialists provide support tailored to the child’s age and emotional needs, aiming to reduce anxiety through preparation and play-based methods.

Their work includes explaining medical procedures in ways children can understand while creating a more supportive environment in clinical settings.

Al-Salamah said that, over time, the effect of child life services becomes visible in how children approach their treatment.

She said: “I see the impact during hospitalization: I see that in their eyes, I see how they are, how excited they are I’m here, and how they are coping with their illness … And how they are taking their medication, going through their procedure.

“Sometimes they are doing some procedure with no sedation. So, I really see the impact in the eyes of children and their families.”

Al-Salamah added that some families and healthcare providers still confused the role of child life specialists with other professions in the hospital.

She added: “Some of the families, and healthcare providers, don’t understand what child life is and what it’s doing, so they always mix us up with a play therapist or with a social worker or even with a psychologist.”

Child life specialist Raghad Al-Salamah from Abdulrahman’s Oasis speaks with Arab News. (Screengrab)

She explained how specialists work to educate children about the treatment they will receive, helping them cope with any difficulties. 

A study titled “Reducing Anesthesia and Healthcare Cost Through Utilization of Child Life Specialists in Pediatric Radiation Oncology” found that the presence of certified child life specialists reduced the need for anesthesia by 16 percent among children undergoing radiotherapy.

Another study, “Benefits of a Family-Centered Approach to Pediatric Induction of Anesthesia,” found that when a family-centered model including child life specialists was used, the need for sedation before procedures dropped from 41 percent to 13 percent.

Al-Salamah said she was drawn to the field to prioritize children’s experience in healthcare, adding: “I always was concerned, and had questions regarding the child who had the diagnosis and would live his life with the diagnosis.

“I was always focusing on educating the children and preparing them for their diagnosis and what they would be going through while they were here in the hospital.”

Expanding the role of child life specialists, Al-Salamah said, could strengthen the overall hospital experience for patients and healthcare teams.

“Most hospitals need to begin integrating child life specialists into their programs,” she said. “It has an impact not only on the children, but also on their families and the healthcare teams. It helps everyone in the hospital.”

While child life remains relatively new in Saudi Arabia, the field is gradually being integrated into pediatric care.

Fadi Munshi, executive director of Abdulrahman’s Oasis, the child life foundation in the Kingdom, said that at the early stages of implementation, many people, including healthcare staff, were unfamiliar with its role.

Munshi told Arab News: “We had to raise awareness and explain how emotional and psychological safety support can make a big difference in a child’s healing.”

Munshi said the response from institutions had been encouraging, and added: “Today, two main hospitals have child life teams, and staff often say they cannot imagine going back. Doctors, nurses and families all notice how children are more relaxed and cooperative during procedures.

“Their experience during the hospital stay is more positive, which eventually helps everyone in the healthcare system.”

He said some hospitals had already made significant progress in implementing these services, while others were continuing to build awareness and training capacity.

“We hope that every hospital in the future (can have these services) and this is one of our main goals: that every single child in Saudi Arabia in every hospital can have this care in the future,” Munshi said.

He added that many families had reported improvements in how their children handled their treatment, and said: “Families often tell us their child is less afraid, more comfortable. They ask specifically for the child life team to be present during some stressful painful procedures.”

Fahd Al-Thunayan, the chairman of Abdulrahman’s Oasis, said child life services played a vital role in improving hospital environments for young patients.

He told Arab News: “Everyone knows the fear and anxiety that comes with entering a hospital — how much more (is it) for a child who doesn’t understand many things?”

Child life specialists help create a more humane treatment environment, he said, using various methods to ease pain and provide emotional support.

He added: “The result is a child who is more comfortable, cooperative and less stressed, which reflects positively on faster recovery and better quality of life in the hospital.”

Al-Thunayan said the foundation continues to support efforts aimed at expanding access to the services across the Kingdom, and added: “We aspire for every hospitalized child to have access to child life specialists who support them psychologically and socially, just as they are treated physically.”