The story of Saudi coffee from a regional tradition to a global market

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Saudi Coffee, affectionately known as Ghahwa, has long been an integral part of Saudi Arabia's cultural heritage. (Supplied)
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Saudi Coffee has always been associated with generosity and unique Saudi hospitality. (Supplied)
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Coffee cultivation primarily occurs in the Jazan region, with additional coffee plantations being established in Al-Baha and Abha. (Supplied)
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A Saudi farmer and his son harvest Khawlani coffee beans at a coffee farm in the southwestern region of Jazan on January 26, 2022. (AFP)
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Saudi coffee’s deep-rooted history and cultural significance are undeniable. (Saudi Ministry of Culture)
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Saudi coffee’s deep-rooted history and cultural significance are undeniable. (Saudi Ministry of Culture)
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Saudi coffee’s deep-rooted history and cultural significance are undeniable. (Saudi Ministry of Culture)
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Coffee cultivation occurs mainly in the Jazan region, with additional coffee plantations having been established in Baha and Abha. (AN Photo)
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Saudi coffee’s deep-rooted history and cultural significance are undeniable. (Saudi Ministry of Culture)
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Coffee cultivation occurs mainly in the Jazan region, with additional coffee plantations having been established in Baha and Abha. (Saudi Ministry of Culture)
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Updated 23 September 2023
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The story of Saudi coffee from a regional tradition to a global market

  • Beverage linked to rituals, practices and expressions that convey kindness, welcoming nature and aesthetic beauty
  • Each region has its own approach to preparing coffee, resulting in diverse flavors and brewing techniques

JEDDAH: Saudi coffee, affectionately known as “ghahwa,” has long been an integral part of Saudi Arabia’s cultural heritage, representing the values of hospitality and generosity.

Its significance on various occasions is deeply ingrained in the Kingdom’s cultural fabric.

As Saudi coffee entered a new phase, marked by its rebranding from “Arabic coffee” to “Saudi coffee” in 2022, its role in shaping the country’s identity, as well as contributing to the economy and tourism industry, became more apparent.

Saudi coffee’s deep-rooted history and cultural significance are undeniable. The Ministry of Culture’s decision to rename it during the Year of Saudi Coffee reflects the desire to honor its genuine essence and preserve its traditions.

The beverage is more than just a flavorful drink — it encompasses rituals, practices and artistic expressions that convey kindness, welcoming nature and aesthetic beauty.

Songs, poetry and artworks in the Kingdom have been inspired by this cultural emblem, and its preparation and presentation to visitors have become a distinct art form.

In Saudi Arabia, each region has its own unique approach to preparing Saudi coffee, resulting in diverse flavor profiles and brewing techniques.

From the central to the northern, southern, western and eastern regions, methods differ due to factors such as the use of saffron, cloves, cardamom and other flavor enhancers.

However, what unites these variations is the prevalence of freshly ground cardamom, creating a harmonious thread that ties the Kingdom’s coffee traditions together.

In recent years, particular attention has been directed toward coffee plantations in the southwestern Jazan region, where the Khawlani bean variety is grown.

Coffee cultivation occurs mainly in the Jazan region, with additional coffee plantations having been established in Baha and Abha.

The lush, cool and humid climate of the mountainous regions, coupled with the rich soil, creates an optimal environment for nurturing coffee plants.

Successful coffee cultivation in these areas depends on the availability of rainwater during specific seasons.

What distinguishes the Jazan region is the distinctive agricultural landscape of its highlands, which have carefully constructed terraces designed for cultivating coffee.

Accordingly, this terrain variety has garnered international recognition. In 2022, UNESCO included Saudi khawlani coffee and its cultivation traditions in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

For centuries, khawlani coffee has been a source of pride, and deeply intertwined with local customs, poetry and song in the southern regions.

Sharing his insights on the flavor profile and roasting process of Saudi coffee  Al-Mohanad Al-Marwai, co-founder and CEO of the Arabian Coffee Institute in Jeddah, told Arab News: “The beverage has a unique, rich and smooth body with bright acidity. The flavor notes often include dried fruit, raisins, dates, cardamom, cinnamon, and even dark chocolate.”

Saudi coffee beans are versatile, suitable for espresso drinks and brewed black coffee, with the roasting profile adjusted based on the desired outcome, he said.

Al-Marwai highlighted the substantial impact of the coffee industry on local communities and the Saudi economy, adding: “With millions of livelihoods depending on coffee production, Saudi Arabia’s thriving coffee industry contributes to job creation, income generation, tourism, economic diversification and export opportunities.

“The country’s original status as a coffee-producing nation positions it favorably in the global market, with the industry’s growth benefiting both individuals and the nation as a whole.”

He also outlined the promising trends shaping the future of Saudi coffee.

“The rise of specialty coffee, with a focus on quality and origin, is evident in the growth of specialty coffee shops, roasters, and sustainable practices,” he said.

“Coffee tourism is on the horizon in Saudi Arabia as well, with the beauty of coffee-farming locations in the southern region offering cultural and natural attractions for visitors.”

The establishment of the Saudi Coffee Co. in 2022, supported by the Public Investment Fund, signifies a commitment to enhancing the coffee value chain.

The company aims to establish the Kingdom as a prominent force in worldwide coffee production. This initiative seeks to invigorate the domestic coffee sector, excelling in every facet of coffee production, promotion, and global marketing.

“Research, development, and initiatives to improve cultivation, processing, and quality will solidify Saudi Arabia’s position as a competitive player in the global coffee market,” said Al-Marwai.


‘It was the darkest year of my life,’ Melissa Barrera says after Gaza support sparks backlash

Updated 27 November 2024
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‘It was the darkest year of my life,’ Melissa Barrera says after Gaza support sparks backlash

DUBAI: Mexican actress Melissa Barrera opened up about how she felt after facing backlash in Hollywood over her comments on the Israel-Palestine conflict.

Speaking to The Independent, Barrera said “it was the darkest and hardest year of my life, and I had to reevaluate everything. There were times when I felt like my life was over.”

The 34-year-old actress was fired from “Scream VII” after she took to social media to call for a ceasefire and criticised Israel’s response to the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas. As of Nov. 27, 2024, the death toll in Gaza has reached 44,200, according to Gaza’s health ministry.

“Gaza is currently being treated like a concentration camp,” she wrote in an Instagram story in October 2023. “This is genocide and ethnic cleansing.” In another post, she complained about the supposed bias in Western media reporting, saying: “Western media only shows the other side … why they do that, I will let you deduce for yourself. We don’t need more hate. No Islamophobia. No antisemitism.”

Spyglass, the studio behind the latest Scream films, dropped Barrera from the franchise in response.  “We have zero tolerance for antisemitism or the incitement of hate in any form, including false references to genocide, ethnic cleansing, Holocaust distortion or anything that flagrantly crosses the line into hate speech,” the company said in a statement.

Barrera says she then faced almost a year of difficulties in Hollywood.

“It was quiet for like 10 months,” Barrera told The Independent about her acting jobs. “I was still getting offers for small things here and there – I’m not going to lie and say there was nothing – but (the message) was, ‘Oh, she probably doesn’t have work, she’ll say yes to anything.'”

Instead, the actress spent much of 2024 promoting the films she made before the incident, including horror comedy “Abigail” and musical “Your Monster.”

The latter sees Barrera play a soft-spoken actress who finds love again when she meets a terrifying but charming monster that lives in her closet.

The “Your Monster” script came across Barrera’s desk soon after filming “Scream VI” in 2022.

“I kept getting horror scripts, and I wasn’t getting a lot of the really exciting parts I was auditioning for,” she told the newspaper of why she jumped at the role. “I would get (roles) that I wasn’t excited about, and I’ve never been a person that just wants to work for work’s sake. I give so much of myself to acting that if a part of me feels like it’s not worth it, I’m (going to) be miserable.”

 


UK, Omani princes launch journey across historic Arabian route

Updated 26 November 2024
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UK, Omani princes launch journey across historic Arabian route

  • Camel trek first taken by British diplomat Bertram Thomas in 1928 to be retrodden by team of six travellers
  • Prince of Wales, crown prince of Oman sponsoring historic coastal journey

LONDON: A group of explorers, backed by royalty, is set to undertake a historic journey, retracing a route across the coast of Oman first trodden by a British diplomat almost a century ago.

The Jewel of Arabia expedition, supported by William, Prince of Wales and Omani Crown Prince Theyazin bin Haitham, will feature six travelers, led by Mark Evans, following in the footsteps of Bertram Thomas, who first made the journey over 42 days in 1928.

Thomas made the trek to document the area and local wildlife, and was congratulated on his achievement by King George V.

The new journey, featuring camels but also modern off-road vehicles, will “raise awareness among young people both in and outside of Oman of the value of Oman’s natural heritage and biodiversity as well as the environmental challenges the country and the wider world face,” The Telegraph reported.

It will also feature podcasts and radio interviews with local stations along the way, meetings with local children and an online tracker so people can view its progress in real time.

Prince William told the modern explorers at the Royal Geographical Society on Monday: “I wish I was able to join you, but will be following very closely.”

He added: “The expedition will walk in the footsteps of British explorer Bertram Thomas and take in the wonderful coastline of Oman.

“They will be able to take in the beauty of Oman, and also see the damage done by climate change.”

Prince William added: “The expedition will not only highlight Oman’s biodiversity and natural heritage, but also symbolize the enduring friendship between our two countries.”

The prince added to guests at the Royal Geographic Society that he would “try and make something happen” regarding a future visit to Oman, teasing: “We’re in the planning process.”

The trek will see daily starts around 5 a.m. local time, and will aim to cross 25-30 kilometers per day. The travelers will sleep under the night sky, surviving in the desert without tents.

Evans, 63, said: “The stars of the show will undoubtedly be the camels.”

He joked that the animals are now in a “camel boot camp” in Oman to prepare for the arduous trek.

Alongside Evans will be Nigel Harling, Ana-Maria Pavalache, Dhirka Al-Mawali, Ibrahim Al-Hasni and Amour Al-Wahibi, all of whom are experienced explorers.

Thomas’ original expedition came at a time when the region was considered one of the world’s most inhospitable, known as Rub Al-Khali, or the “empty quarter.”

He worked for the sultan of Oman, and became the first Westerner to make the journey along the coast, spending much of his spare time exploring the country, navigating harsh terrain and warring local tribes.

Upon completion, he received a congratulatory telegram from George V, and used the experience as the basis for a book, “Arabia Felix,” which contains a foreword by T.E. Lawrence.

Meanwhile, 2025 will also mark 225 years since the signing of a friendship treaty between Britain and Oman.


Made with love — Saudi commission presents works by global artisans

Updated 26 November 2024
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Made with love — Saudi commission presents works by global artisans

  • Northern Ireland, Japan and Mexico among countries represented in International Handicrafts Week
  • Through Banan and other initiatives, the Heritage Commission raises awareness about the importance of handicrafts as part of cultural heritage

RIYADH: The second Saudi International Handicrafts Week — known as Banan — is offering a wealth of live music, interactive experiences and artisanal works from around the world in Riyadh this week.

Running until Nov. 29, the event is organized by the Saudi Heritage Commission and features artists and representatives from over 20 countries, exhibiting alongside the Kingdom’s own talent.

Katherine McDonald, director of Crafts Northern Ireland, told Arab News: “I think the craft of any country (paints) a picture about the people, the landscape, the culture … it’s an important part of the identity of a country. That's why it’s important that we can allow craft makers to flourish, to pass on skills, to train new craft makers, because they’re as important as the food, as the economy.”

The collective, exhibiting in Saudi Arabia for the first time, represents artisans in Northern Ireland whose work ranges from textiles and jewelry to ceramics and furniture. Items from 13 of them are on display at Banan.

“We try to have a range of work that's representative of what makers are doing in Northern Ireland,” McDonald said. “We have textiles made from local wool, ceramics ... there’s always something that allows an artist to express themselves and for people to find something they really like that suits their style.”

Award-winning contemporary silversmith Cara Murphy is largely inspired by the environment to create unique pieces such as bowls, clocks, and candle holders. She is the designer behind the past four Randox Grand National awards, often called the world’s greatest steeplechase.

Jakki Trainor crafts clay works that focus on the word “figment” to depict real or imaginative flora, fauna and folklore, while Joel Smyth creates eclectic pieces of jewelry inspired by European minimalist design, multifunctionality and interaction. 

McDonald said: “Jewelry is always popular for gifting and for yourself. And we also have glass and some wooden articles as well. So, it’s a range of materials.

“This is what’s so interesting to see, what different countries and different artisans have done with the same materials. There’s such diversity. Everything is unique.”  

In addition to the 500 artisans marketing and selling their work, the event features multiple interactive and immersive zones including the handicrafts arts village, a live craft performances pavilion, crafts exhibition and workshops pavilion, a platform for entrepreneurs and craft organizations, and a children’s activities pavilion.

Hailing from Hungary, woodworker Bela Zalai has been honing his craft for over 20 years. For his first visit to the Kingdom, he is exhibiting an array of his work including flutes, bowls, pots, jewelry and chairs. 

Carving a flute at his booth, he told Arab News: “In Hungary, handicrafts is a very rich culture … it’s a very popular thing — pottery and leather work and a lot of things. In these times, everything is too modern and fast … handwork is very personal, unique and valuable.” 

Zalai works as a zoologist, but since he started his handcrafting journey the day-job has taken second place: “Hand work is much more important for me than biology at the moment,” he said.

Through Banan and other initiatives, the Heritage Commission raises awareness about the importance of handicrafts as part of cultural heritage, ensuring they are preserved and passed on.

Saudi International Handicrafts Week is open to the public from 4 p.m. to 11 p.m., except on Monday and Wednesday when hours are 10 a.m. to 11 p.m.


REVIEW: ‘Dead Rising Deluxe Remaster’ offers reanimated chaos in 4K

Updated 26 November 2024
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REVIEW: ‘Dead Rising Deluxe Remaster’ offers reanimated chaos in 4K

LONDON; The “Dead Rising Deluxe Remaster” has arrived, breathing new life into Capcom’s iconic open-world zombie classic.

Almost 20 years after the original’s release, this version strikes a fine balance between a remake and a remaster, modernizing visuals, controls and gameplay while retaining its chaotic charm. With 4K resolution, smoother frame rates and gameplay improvements, “Dead Rising’s” latest iteration has, in a sense, grown up with its audience — although “grown up” might not be the best description for a game where a cactus can be a weapon.

The remaster brings you back to Willamette, Colorado, where you play as the cocky, wise-cracking photojournalist Frank West. His mission? Survive a 72-hour real-time, in-game clock ticking down inside a mall overrun by zombies, with missions to complete, bosses to fight, and absurd items to wield.

The day-night cycle brings shifting challenges and horror-movie ambiance that change the feel of each hour. You’ll often find yourself toggling between planning missions and impulsively grabbing whatever is in sight to fend off the undead. The remaster’s refined graphics and 60fps frame rate make both these approaches more fluid, whether you’re grappling with zombies or sneaking a killer snapshot.

And yes, Frank’s camera skills still matter. In addition to navigating an endless crowd of brain-hungry zombies, the game rewards you for snapping high-quality photos, encouraging you to capture the grotesque and hilarious. This adds an amusing layer of strategy and humor to the game, which doesn’t take itself too seriously. The absurd world of Dead Rising still allows you to dress Frank up in a range of ridiculous costumes, turning him from a somber zombie slayer into a comical hero fighting against the cathedral of consumerism — the mall itself.

As you progress, Frank’s skills evolve, allowing you to transform him into a near-indestructible wrestler, body-slamming zombies and crowd-surfing his way to safety. Missions often involve rescuing NPCs and escorting them to safety, and a roster of larger-than-life “Psychopath” bosses keeps the action intense. Beneath the mindless zombie slaying lies a satirical critique of American consumerism that resonates more with time; the remaster’s updated look adds to the commentary, making the mall’s neon lights and cluttered shelves all the more biting.

Of course, not all issues have been exorcised in this remaster. Some glitches linger, like the odd lift button bug that can render what should be a deadly encounter into an easy escape. Plus, it’s a shame that Capcom didn’t implement a co-op mode — a feature that could have elevated the chaotic fun to new heights.

Ultimately, “Dead Rising Deluxe Remaster” is as humorous as it is brutal, blending laughs with thrilling tension. The game continues to draw players into Frank West’s absurdly dangerous world, now rendered in beautifully gruesome detail. It’s a fantastic journey back to a familiar, zombie-filled playground — ideal for longtime fans and newcomers alike who are ready to face the horde.


Princess Rajwa visits art gallery in Amman with Queen Rania

Updated 25 November 2024
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Princess Rajwa visits art gallery in Amman with Queen Rania

  • Visit marks another public engagement in Princess Rajwa’s calendar
  • Naqsh Collective was founded in 2009 by two sisters, Nisreen and Nermeen Abudail

DUBAI: Saudi-born Jordanian royal Princess Rajwa Al-Hussein visited Amman-based art gallery Naqsh Collective on her first joint engagement with her mother-in-law Queen Rania, on Sunday.

“Exquisite local designs, handcrafted with love. Had a lovely time with Rajwa at the Naqsh Collective workshop yesterday,” Queen Rania’s team posted on Instagram shortly after the visit.

The pair posted in front of an artwork titled “Wall Runner” at the gallery, which presents design works and artworks.

Naqsh Collective was founded in 2009 by two sisters, Nisreen and Nermeen Abudail. The gallery has participated in national and international events such as Milan Design Week, Amman Design Week, Design Days Dubai, and Saudi Design Week.

The visit marks another public engagement in Princess Rajwa’s calendar. Last week she attended a ceremony marking the inauguration of the first ordinary session of the 20th parliament in Amman, her second public appearance since the birth of her first child this summer. 

The royal showed off an elegant black ensemble for the occasion, complete with an oversized belt by Dior and pumps by Chloe. The look was finished off with the Goji mini bag in black by Jill Sander. 

Princess Rajwa was photographed alongside Queen Rania, who showed off a red look courtesy of Maison Valentino and Altuzarra. 

Princess Rajwa made her first public appearance since the birth of Princess Iman bint Al-Hussein bin Abdullah II at a 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification match in October. 

The royal welcomed her first child, Princess Iman, with Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah on Aug. 3.

Jordan’s King Abdullah posted a tribute to his granddaughter on social media to mark the occasion. Translated from Arabic, the post read: “I thank God for giving us our first granddaughter Iman bint Hussein. I congratulate beloved Hussein and Rajwa for their newborn.”

Princess Rajwa, who celebrated her 30th birthday in April, is the daughter of Saudi businessman Khalid bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saif, who died in January this year, and his wife, Azza bint Nayef Abdulaziz Ahmad Al-Sudairi.