LONDON: Escalating wars, rising disinformation, and intensifying climate challenges rank as the most pressing global threats for 2025, according to the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Report, released Wednesday ahead of the Davos annual meeting.

Based on insights from 900 global leaders in business, politics and academia, the report highlights escalating geopolitical tensions, environmental crises and misinformation as critical issues shaping the year ahead.

“Rising geopolitical tensions, a fracturing of global trust and the climate crisis are straining the global system like never before,” said Mirek Dusek, WEF managing director.

“In a world marked by deepening divides and cascading risks, global leaders have a choice: To foster collaboration and resilience, or face compounding instability. The stakes have never been higher.”

State-based armed conflicts are flagged as the most immediate concern for 23 percent of respondents, with wars in the Middle East, Sudan and Ukraine driving global instability.

The forum will host a historic gathering of Middle Eastern leaders, including representatives from Iran, Syria, Yemen and Gulf countries, to discuss prospects for peace amid hopes of a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel after 15 months of devastating war that has killed tens of thousands of Palestinians.

Donald Trump, set to be sworn in as the 47th US president on Jan. 20, has vowed to end the war in Ukraine. He will deliver a virtual address to the forum on Jan. 23. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will also attend and deliver a speech on Jan. 21.

“From conflicts to climate change, we are facing interconnected crises that demand coordinated, collective action,” said Mark Elsner, WEF’s head of the Global Risks Initiative, who urged world leaders to make “renewed efforts to rebuild trust and foster cooperation.” 

While conflicts rank as the most immediate threat, the survey highlights the climate crisis as the dominant risk of the next decade. Environmental risks — including extreme weather, biodiversity loss and critical changes to Earth’s systems — account for three of the top four long-term global concerns.

In 2024, global warming hit a record 1.54 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, triggering catastrophic weather events, such as the Los Angeles wildfires, devastating floods in Spain caused by the DANA weather phenomenon and unprecedented rainfall across the Middle East, which triggered floods in the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert for the first time in half a century.

“The climate and nature crisis requires urgent attention and action,” said Gim Huay Neo, the WEF’s managing director for the Center for Nature and Climate.

Two technology-related concerns ranked next on the list of global threats: “Misinformation and disinformation” and the “adverse outcomes of AI technologies.”

The survey, conducted between September and October, noted rising anxieties about misinformation. These concerns have intensified following Donald Trump’s election victory and his alignment with tech leaders like Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg, who are reportedly advocating for deregulation policies expected to benefit the tech industry.

It coincides with Zuckerberg’s recent decision to scale back fact-checking and content moderation across Meta’s platforms, a move widely criticized by experts as an appeasement of Trump, whose return to the White House will overlap with the forum’s opening.

Organizers are expecting 60 heads of state and government to attend, alongside chief executives and campaigners. Several ministers and business leaders from Saudi Arabia are also expected to take part.

The WEF’s report found that 64 percent of experts foresee a fragmented global order dominated by competition among middle and great powers, with multilateralism under significant strain.

Against this backdrop, the forum’s theme, “A Call for Collaboration in the Intelligent Age,” highlights the need for renewed cooperation, even as Trump’s anticipated policy shifts could undermine collective efforts on critical global issues, including the climate crisis.

JEDDAH: Saudi Arabia has announced significant gold and copper discoveries in the Arabian Shield region, a move set to bolster its global mining ambitions and strengthen the country’s economic diversification efforts. 

The Saudi Arabian Mining Co., or Ma’aden, revealed the discoveries during the Future Minerals Forum 2025, held from Jan. 14-16 in Riyadh. 

The finds include extensive gold deposits at Wadi Al-Jaww for gold and copper deposits at Jabal Shayban, with mineralization extending deeper and in multiple directions from shallow depths of 20 to 200 meters. 

Bob Wilt, CEO of Ma’aden, highlighted the company’s aggressive exploration efforts, calling them part of “the world’s largest single-jurisdiction mineral exploration programs.” 

“Through the work we have undertaken in recent years, the raw prospectivity of the Kingdom has been proven. The results announced today provide a further boost as we continue to accelerate drilling activities across our exploration program in 2025,” he said. 

Wilt said the Kingdom’s focus on mining aligns with its broader economic transformation goals, creating opportunities for growth and development in the sector. 

The company said that Jabal Shayban has long been recognized as a key exploration site, with programs dating back to the 1940s. In contrast, Wadi Al-Jaww represents a new frontier, as no prior exploration has been conducted there. 

While Ma’aden didn’t provide specific estimates on the size and quality of the mineralization, the company said that ongoing analysis and drilling efforts would refine its understanding of the deposits throughout 2025. 

Ma’aden announced new findings from its Mansourah-Massarah gold mine. Drilling has revealed high-grade gold mineralization below the current pit design and significant underground potential. Recent results include intercepts such as 61 meters grading at 10.4 g/t gold and 20-meter grading at 20.6 g/t gold within 400 meters of the mine. 

The results build on earlier success at the mine, with Ma’aden noting strong growth opportunities from both open-pit and underground operations.  

In a statement to the Saudi Stock Exchange, Ma’aden clarified that the financial impact of these discoveries remains undetermined. The company reaffirmed its commitment to transparency, promising to update shareholders on any significant developments.