DAMASCUS: Seated on the pavement outside a bank in central Damascus, Abu Fares’s face is worn with exhaustion as he waits to collect a small portion of his pension.
“I’ve been here for four hours and I haven’t so much as touched my pension,” said the 77-year-old, who did not wish to give his full name.
“The cash dispensers are under-stocked and the queues are long,” he continued.
Since the overthrow of president Bashar Assad last December, Syria has been struggling to emerge from the wake of nearly 14 years of civil war, and its banking sector is no exception.
Decades of punishing sanctions imposed on the Assad dynasty – which the new authorities are seeking to have lifted – have left about 90 percent of Syrians under the poverty line, according to the United Nations.
The liquidity crisis has forced authorities to drastically limit cash withdrawals, leaving much of the population struggling to make ends meet.
Prior to his ousting, Assad’s key ally Russia held a monopoly on printing banknotes. The new authorities have only announced once that they have received a shipment of banknotes from Moscow since Assad’s overthrow.
In a country with about 1.25 million public sector employees, civil servants must queue at one of two state banks or affiliated ATMs to make withdrawals, capped at about 200,000 Syrian pounds, the equivalent on the black market of $20 per day.
In some cases, they have to take a day off just to wait for the cash.
“There are sick people, elderly... we can’t continue like this,” said Abu Fares.
“There is a clear lack of cash, and for that reason we deactivate the ATMs at the end of the workday,” an employee at a private bank said, preferring not to give her name.
A haphazard queue of about 300 people stretches outside the Commercial Bank of Syria. Some are sitting on the ground.
Afraa Jumaa, a civil servant, said she spends most of the money she withdraws on the travel fare to get to and from the bank.
“The conditions are difficult and we need to withdraw our salaries as quickly as possible,” said the 43-year-old.
“It’s not acceptable that we have to spend days to withdraw meagre sums.”
The local currency has plunged in value since the civil war erupted in 2011, prior to which the dollar was valued at 50 pounds.
Economist Georges Khouzam explained that foreign exchange vendors – whose work was outlawed under Assad – “deliberately reduced cash flows in Syrian pounds to provoke rapid fluctuations in the market and turn a profit.”
Muntaha Abbas, a 37-year-old civil servant, had to return three times to withdraw her entire salary of 500,000 pounds.
“There are a lot of ATMs in Damascus, but very few of them work,” she said.
After a five-hour wait, she was finally able to withdraw 200,000 pounds.
“Queues and more queues... our lives have become a series of queues,” she lamented.

GENEVA: Since Sudan’s army retook Khartoum last month, Red Crescent volunteers have been working to collect and clear the bodies littering the streets of the war-ravaged capital.
Aida El Sayed, head of the Sudan Red Crescent, told AFP the organization’s volunteers were finding bodies “in the street, inside the buildings, everywhere.”
She said it remained unclear how many bodies are still lying out in the open in Khartoum.
But during just one day, she said Red Crescent volunteers had found “250 in one street.”
Since April 2023, the conflict has pitted army chief Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan against his former deputy Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, who heads the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.
The war, which entered its third year on Tuesday, has killed tens of thousands, uprooted 13 million and created what the United Nations describes as the world’s largest hunger and displacement crises.
In Khartoum alone, more than 61,000 people have died of various causes during the first 14 months of war, according to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine — a 50 percent increase in the pre-war death rate.
Of those deaths, 26,000 were attributed directly to violence, the report found last year.
Until the army reseized control of the capital “nobody could enter Khartoum,” Sayed said.
Consequently, some of the bodies being found have been there “since the beginning of the war,” she said.
“Sometimes we are collecting bones.”
The Sudan Red Crescent counts some 12,000 volunteers in the country, providing assistance to the millions of displaced people, handing out food and water, and offering psychological support.
The Sudan Red Crescent is meanwhile struggling to keep up with the towering needs in the country amid a dire lack of funding.
“Sudan is a neglected, forgotten war,” said Sayed.
Only highly-trained teams handle the organization’s “dead body management” program, decked out in special protective gear as they gather up remains in plastic bags before transporting them to a designated safe area, Sayed said.
The main challenge is identifying the bodies.
Those found with ID cards are carefully registered and buried in a designated area, easy to find and visit.
The others are registered with all the known details and taken to another area, where family members searching for missing relatives can come and make inquiries.
The International Committee of the Red Cross said this week that at least 8,000 people were reported missing across Sudan last year alone, warning this was just “the tip of the iceberg.”
The Red Crescent volunteers are helping in the painstaking work to track down the missing, Sayed said, adding that this was “a very big problem” in Sudan.
“You get the call in the middle of the night: I cannot find my daughter, my husband, my brother... We always hear from people asking about their family members or neighbors.”
In addition to tracking missing people and clearing bodies from Kartoum’s streets, the volunteers are taking part in a “cleaning campaign,” in a bid to make it safe for the many displaced people now eager to return home.
The United Nations said this week that it expected more than two million people to return to the capital within the next six months.
Asked if it was safe for them to return, Sayed acknowledged that “there are no guarantees of that,” but stressed that people were “really tired” and just wanted to see their homes.
She herself is from Khartoum. So far, she has only seen a picture of the house she grew up in and started her own family in.
“It has completely collapsed, and bombed in some areas.”
“It is hard.”
Even as the Sudan Red Crescent strives to support communities across the war-ravaged country, its workers are facing the same dangers and the communities they serve.
The organization has lost 28 staff members and volunteers in the war, Sayed said.
“In Sudan, everyone is a target.”