A Tunisian village’s fight for running water

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Women freshen up with water as they arrive to fill containers from a private irrigation well provided by a farmer in Sbikha town, which has been having drinking water problems for years, near Tunisia's central city of Kairouan on June 25, 2024. (AFP)
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Women wait to fill containers with water from a private irrigation well provided by a farmer in Sbikha town, which has been having drinking water problems for years, near Tunisia's central city of Kairouan on June 25, 2024. (AFP)
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Women fill containers with water from a private irrigation well provided by a farmer in Sbikha town, which has been having drinking water problems for years, near Tunisia's central city of Kairouan on June 25, 2024. (AFP)
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Women queue to fill containers with water from a private irrigation well provided by a farmer in Sbikha town, which has been having drinking water problems for years, near Tunisia's central city of Kairouan on June 25, 2024. (AFP)
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Updated 10 July 2024
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A Tunisian village’s fight for running water

  • Tunisia’s national water grid supplies almost all of the country’s urban areas, but only about half of the rural population

SBIKHA, Tunisia: In front of a small mosque in central Tunisia, women queue at one of their village’s last water sources, a pipe meant for crop irrigation, but now a lifeline in the parched area.
“We just need something to drink,” said Ribh Saket, 56, under the punishing summer sun as she placed a jerrycan beneath a makeshift tap hooked into the water supply.
Like its neighbor Algeria and large areas of the Mediterranean region, Tunisia suffers from “alert drought conditions,” according to the European Drought Observatory.
But while drought and rising temperatures impact the region as a whole, repercussions are felt twofold in rural areas, where poverty rates tend to be higher.
Tunisia’s national water grid supplies almost all of the country’s urban areas, but only about half of the rural population.
The other half largely rely on wells built by local agrarian associations officially working under the agriculture ministry.
“We’ve been marginalized,” said Saket, whose village of around 250 families had one such well.
But it was shut down in 2018 due to unpaid electricity bills — a common issue among agrarian associations — and the villagers were left without pumps to extract the water for their community in the Sbikha area, about 30 kilometers (18 miles) north of Kairouan city.
Since then, the families said they have been relying on water from wells originally dug up by local farmers to irrigate their lands.
None of these wells have been authorized by the state as they are often contaminated with pollutants and unfit for human consumption due to improper construction and testing.

Flashing a scar that ran the length of his abdomen, Ali Kammoun, 57, said he has had two surgeries due to waterborne diseases.
“Half of us have kidney issues,” his neighbor, Leila Ben Arfa, said. “The water is polluted, but we have to drink it.”
The 52-year-old said she and other women “bring the jerrycans on our backs.”
Tunisia, in its sixth year of drought, ranks as the world’s 33rd most water-stressed country, according to the World Resources Institute.
The World Bank says by 2030 the Middle East and North Africa will fall below the “absolute water scarcity” threshold of 500 cubic meters yearly per person.
That amount is already below 450 cubic meters per inhabitant in Tunisia.
More than 650,000 Tunisians, mainly in the countryside, have no running water at home, with almost half of them living far from a public water source, according to a 2023 United Nations report.
Bottled water, costing around half a Tunisian dinar (16 cents) per liter, remains a luxury for the families whose governorate is Tunisia’s poorest.
“We need to find a solution,” said Djaouher Kammoun, a 26-year-old farmer who has been sharing his well water with other villagers.
“Most families come to fetch water while we’re working, and sometimes we can’t do both,” he said, describing the system as unsustainable.
According to the National Agricultural Observatory (ONAGRI), about 60 percent of wells across the country are privately dug and unauthorized.
But while the practice may provide a temporary — albeit unhealthy — solution for some, it exacerbates water scarcity.
A 2022 study by ONAGRI found that Tunisia’s deep aquifers were being exploited at 150 percent their rate of recharge, and groundwater aquifers at 119 percent.

“Today we are in the same spiral, the same vicious circle, with the same problems,” said Minyara Mejbri, Kairouan coordinator at the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights (FTDES).
The villagers have protested, blockaded roads, and complained multiple times — all to no avail.
“The governorate said we already had access to drinking water,” said Saief Naffati, a 34-year-old who has been leading his community’s efforts to solve the crisis.
“They told us if we protest, we should own up to it, because the National Guard would arrest us.”
At their wit’s end, many have left the village, Naffati added.
Among them is his brother, Raouf, now living in the coastal city of Hammamet.
Saleh Hamadi, a 55-year-old farmer also struggling with distributing his well water, said “at least 150 families have left.”
“Most of our youth have moved away, leaving their elders on their own,” he said.
“In 2024, why is this still a problem? Why are we still thirsty?“
 

 


Iraq’s Kurdish authorities extradite activist to Iran: group

Kurdish peshmerga fighters walk in Sulaimaniyah on September 28, 2022. (AFP)
Updated 3 sec ago
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Iraq’s Kurdish authorities extradite activist to Iran: group

  • Khosrawi “asked to return to the Islamic Republic of Iran” and signed a document stating this, the Asayesh added in a statement

SULAIMANIYAH, Iraq: An Iranian Kurdish activist was extradited from Iraq’s autonomous Kurdish region back to Iran, the opposition group he belongs to said on Saturday, an account disputed by local authorities.
Behzad Khosrawi was arrested last week by security forces in the northern city of Sulaimaniyah and handed over to “Iranian intelligence,” said the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), one of several Iranian Kurdish groups exiled for decades in northern Iraq.
“He is a member of an opposition political party... and enjoys the right to asylum as a political refugee,” said the group, condemning his extradition.
Local security forces, called Asayesh, said Khosrawi was arrested “because he did not have residency” in the Kurdish region, denying he had any connection to “political activism.”
Khosrawi “asked to return to the Islamic Republic of Iran” and signed a document stating this, the Asayesh added in a statement.
The KDPI said Khosrawi, a member of their party, “had been living with his mother and sister in Sulaimaniyah for more than 10 years... and their residency was in order.”
He had been given refugee status by the UN refugee agency UNHCR, the KDPI said.
Iran considers the KDPI a “terrorist” organization.
Iranian Kurdish groups, whose members are made up of Iran’s long-marginalized Kurdish minority, have trained to use weapons from their outposts in northern Iraq for decades.
After several Iranian strikes on the groups, Iraqi authorities in late 2023 pledged to disarm these factions and move them from bases near the Iranian border to camps.
Tehran has accused the Kurdish opposition groups of inciting mass protest in Iran in 2022, after the death of Iranian Kurd Mahsa Amini in the custody of the morality police.
 

 


No spying took place by employees of Iraqi prime minister’s office, adviser says

Iraq's Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani adjusts his microphones before speaking during an event in Baghdad on May 3, 2024.
Updated 15 min 42 sec ago
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No spying took place by employees of Iraqi prime minister’s office, adviser says

  • The reports have caused a stir in Iraq, which has seen a period of relative stability since Sudani was brought to power in late 2022 as part of an agreement between ruling factions ending a year-long political stalemate

BAGHDAD: A political adviser to Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani has rejected recent allegations that employees at the premier’s office have been spying on and wire-tapping senior officials and politicians.
Since late August, Iraqi local media outlets and lawmakers have alleged that employees at Sudani’s office had been arrested on charges of spying on senior officials.
“This is an inflated lie,” said Fadi Al-Shammari in an interview with an Iraqi broadcaster published late on Friday, the most explicit denial by a senior member of the prime minister’s team.
He said the allegations were aimed at undermining Sudani ahead of parliamentary polls expected to be held next year.
“Everything that has happened in the last two weeks consists of media exaggeration contrary to reality and the truth.”
The reports have caused a stir in Iraq, which has seen a period of relative stability since Sudani was brought to power in late 2022 as part of an agreement between ruling factions ending a year-long political stalemate.
While there had been one arrest at the prime minister’s office in August, it had nothing to do with spying or wire-tapping, Shammari said. The employee in question was detained after contacting lawmakers and other politicians while posing as a different person, he said.
“(He) talked to lawmakers using different numbers and fake names and asked them for a number of different files,” he added, without providing details.
“There was no spying, no wiretapping.”

 


Israeli raids strike border villages amid fears of fresh escalation

Updated 07 September 2024
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Israeli raids strike border villages amid fears of fresh escalation

  • Army chief of staff threatens further ‘offensive measures’ inside Lebanon

BEIRUT: Escalating hostilities between Hezbollah and Israeli forces in recent days have raised fears of a wider conflict, with a senior Israeli army official warning that his forces are preparing to take “offensive steps” inside Lebanon.

Israeli media reported on Saturday that several rockets fell in the Meron area in the north of the country.

Hezbollah also targeted a strategic military base near Safed, according to reports.

Lebanon’s caretaker Foreign Minister Abdullah Bou Habib. (AFP)

Signs of military escalation emerged on Friday as the Israeli army used concussion missiles in intensive raids centered on an area south of the Litani River.

Israel is demanding Hezbollah halt its military action in the area, particularly the launching of rockets, so that settlers in the north can return to their homes.

FASTFACT

Hezbollah has exchanged near daily cross-border fire with Israeli forces since Hamas attacked Israel on Oct. 7, triggering war in the Gaza Strip.

In an interview with Al Jazeera, Lebanon’s caretaker Foreign Minister Abdullah Bou Habib said that Israel had conveyed a message throuh intermediaries “that it is not interested in a ceasefire in Lebanon, even after reaching a ceasefire in Gaza.”

On Saturday, Israeli army Chief of the General Staff Herzi Halevi said that his forces are preparing to take “offensive steps inside Lebanon.”

During an inspection tour in the Golan Heights, Halevi said the Israeli army is focused on confronting Hezbollah, and that a significant number of militants had been killed in attacks during the past month.

The Israeli army was “working to reduce threats to residents of the northern region and the Golan Heights, while also preparing for an offensive at a later stage,” he said.

Israeli media confirmed that several rockets fell in the Meron area after sirens sounded in the city of Safed.

The Israeli army said that it “detected the launch of 30 shells from Lebanese territory toward the north.”

Israeli mortar shells and incendiary flares struck the Labouneh area in the western sector, causing fires on the Khiam plain for the second consecutive day.

Israeli media reported that a building in Shlomi was hit, and a fire broke out in Liman in Western Galilee after eight rockets were fired in a single salvo from southern Lebanon.

On Saturday, Israeli airstrikes were directed at areas around the towns of Qabrikha and Bani Hayyan, and the Kunin forests.

Israeli surveillance aircraft maintained a continuous presence over the western and central sectors of the south.

Hezbollah said in a statement that it retaliated against Israeli attacks on Friday by targeting a command post occupied by forces from the Golani Brigade with volleys of Katyusha rockets.

The group also targeted other Israeli military sites, including Hadab Yaron and Al-Raheb, with artillery fire.

Hezbollah said it targeted a deployment of Israeli soldiers around the settlement of Manot with rockets in response to attacks on the town of Kunin.

The Israeli air force said that raids on southern border villages on Friday night targeted rocket launch sites in towns including Beit Lif, Aitaroun, Dahra and Kfar Kila.

Israeli army spokesman Avichay Adraee said that more than 15 missile platforms had been hit, in addition to several platforms that were ready for immediate launch.

Adraee said that “after targeting the platforms, several of which were prepared for immediate launch toward Israeli territory, multiple shells were seen being fired from the platforms and landing within Lebanese territory.”

 


Hijab-wearing singer Ghaliaa Chaker looks to inspire

Updated 07 September 2024
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Hijab-wearing singer Ghaliaa Chaker looks to inspire

  • Chaker, a keen motorbike rider who is part of an all-hijabi biker squad in Dubai, began composing and writing lyrics at 16

DUBAI: In a Dubai recording studio, hijab-clad Ghaliaa Chaker tunes her guitar and belts out original songs as she builds a career that is turning heads for more than just her music.
The 26-year-old Syrian, raised in the UAE, has become a social media sensation, with 437,000 followers on Instagram and millions of views on her YouTube channel.
She offers not only a unique sound but also an unusual look in a region where artists who wear the hijab, the head covering characteristic of Muslim women, are few and far between.
“I hope that I have paved the way for other” hijabi singers, Chaker said at the studio.
“It is a very beautiful thing to know that you have ... given a push to a girl who has many dreams and is unable to achieve them because she has never seen another girl do the same thing.”
Chaker, a keen motorbike rider who is part of an all-hijabi biker squad in Dubai, began composing and writing lyrics at 16.
She drew inspiration from Nedaa Shrara, a veiled Jordanian singer who won “The Voice,” the Arabic version of the popular TV talent show, in 2015.
Shrara had stirred controversy among Arab fans who were not accustomed to seeing a singer wearing the head covering.
But for Chaker, who says she often receives criticism online, Shrara was a symbol of “self-confidence.”
After seeing her, “I said to myself that I can do it too,” Chaker said.
Chaker’s first song, composed in English, was picked up by Dubai radio stations in 2018, marking the start of her musical career.
She now sings mainly in Arabic, at a time when the regional music scene is witnessing the rise of young talents with innovative sounds.
The green-eyed singer said the headscarf has never been an obstacle. “There is nothing I have wanted to do and not done because I wear the veil,” Chaker said.
However, the issue of women singing has always been controversial in conservative Islamic societies.
Although the Qur’an does not explicitly prohibit singing, or ban women from performing music, some religious scholars frown upon the idea, viewing it as immodest.
Chaker said her immediate family has always supported her, but relatives in Syria were “very surprised at first,” mainly because they feared how people would react.
She said she receives a lot of “negative comments” on social media, including from family and friends.
“It bothers me of course, but I try to remember the positive comments and how much people love my music,” she said.
Chaker traces her artistic influences to her early upbringing in Al-Ain, a former desert oasis and now a city in Abu Dhabi, one of the UAE’s seven sheikhdoms.
At home, her father blasted Arab singers such as Fairouz, an iconic Lebanese singer, and Egyptian diva Umm Kalthoum. Chaker’s mother preferred Western music, including Elvis Presley.
“The music mixture in the house was always rich,” she said, influencing her sound, which she describes as a mix of R&B, hip-hop, electro-pop, indie and jazz.
A multi-instrumentalist, Chaker credits her father with her love of the drums, guitar, and piano, all of which she plays.
She said that instead of gifting her toys as a child, he would buy her new instruments.
The Middle Eastern darbuka drum is “the closest to my heart because I often played it with my father, who loves it very much, and it is the basis of oriental rhythm,” she said.
In addition to Arabic and English, Chaker sometimes sings in Turkish, Armenian, and Persian.
The singer, who performed in the Lebanese capital Beirut in August, said she wants to take her music beyond the Middle East.
“It is vital to me that my music is heard in Europe, in America, in Australia, in the whole world, maybe even in Latin America,” she said, adding that she aspires to “collaborate with many artists from different countries.”
“It is time for the Western world to know how beautiful our music is.”

 


Algerians vote as Tebboune eyes re-election with higher turnout

An Algerian man votes at a polling station during the presidential election, in Algiers on September 7, 2024. (AFP)
Updated 23 min 43 sec ago
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Algerians vote as Tebboune eyes re-election with higher turnout

  • More than 24 million Algerians are registered to vote, and both of Tebboune’s challengers have urged a large turnout

ALGIERS: Voting was extended Saturday in an Algerian presidential election widely expected to bring a second term for incumbent Abdelmadjid Tebboune whose main hope is for a high turnout.
Tebboune, 78, is heavily favored to see off moderate Islamist Abdelaali Hassani, 57, and socialist candidate Youcef Aouchiche, 41.
Algeria’s electoral authority, ANIE, said Saturday evening it was extending voting nationwide by one hour, with polling stations now due to close at 8:00 p.m. (1900 GMT)
The announcement came shortly before it announced a turnout of 26 percent nationwide as of 5:00 p.m. — compared to 33 percent during the 2019 elections at the same time.
That year, ANIE recorded the country’s lowest turnout rate of more than 60 percent, and Tebboune’s main challenge has been to boost that number.
ANIE said it would announce the final turnout at 9:30 pm.
More than 24 million Algerians are registered to vote, and both of Tebboune’s challengers have urged a large turnout.
“Today we start building our future by voting for our project and leaving boycott and despair behind us,” Aouchiche said on national television after voting.
Hassani told journalists he hoped “the Algerian people will vote in force” because “a high turnout gives greater credibility to these elections.”
Algerians abroad have been able to vote since Monday, and ANIE on Saturday put that turnout at 18 percent.
“I came early to exercise my duty and choose the president of my country in a democratic manner,” Sidali Mahmoudi, a 65-year-old early voter, told AFP.
Seghir Derouiche, 72, told AFP that not voting was “ignoring one’s right,” while two women, Taous Zaiedi, 66, and Leila Belgaremi, 42, said they were voting to “improve the country.”
After voting in Algiers, Tebboune did not mention voter numbers, saying only that he hoped “Algeria will win in any case.”
He said that whoever wins “will continue the project” of what he often calls the New Algeria — the country that emerged following mass pro-democracy protests.

Preliminary results could come as early as Saturday night, with ANIE announcing the official results on Sunday at the latest.
“The winner is known in advance,” political commentator Mohamed Hennad posted on Facebook before voting began, referring to Tebboune.
Tebboune’s opponents stood little chance because of low support and the “conditions in which the electoral campaign took place, which is nothing more than a farce,” Hennad wrote.
The low turnout in 2019 followed the Hirak pro-democracy protests, which toppled former president Abdelaziz Bouteflika before they were quashed with ramped-up policing and the jailing of hundreds of people.
“The president is keen to have a significant turnout,” Hasni Abidi, an analyst at the Geneva-based CERMAM Study Center. “It’s his main issue.”
Campaign rallies have struggled to generate enthusiasm in the nation of 45 million, partly because of the summer heat.
With young people more than half the population, all three candidates have courted their votes with promises to improve living standards and reduce dependence on hydrocarbons.
Tebboune has touted economic successes during his first term, including more jobs and higher wages in Africa’s largest exporter of natural gas.
His challengers have vowed to grant the people more freedoms.
Aouchiche says he is committed “to release prisoners of conscience through an amnesty and to review unjust laws,” including on media and terrorism.
Hassani has advocated “freedoms that have been reduced to nothing in recent years.”
Political analyst Abidi said Tebboune should address the major deficit in political and media freedoms as politics is “absent from the scene,” with Algerians having “divorced from current politics” after the Hirak protests ended.
Five years later, rights group Amnesty International said Algerian authorities were “committed to maintaining a zero-tolerance approach toward dissenting opinions.”