TEL AVIV: Israeli forces have spent much of the past year destroying Hamas’ vast underground network in Gaza. They are now focused on dismantling tunnels and other hideouts belonging to Hezbollah militants in southern Lebanon.
Scarred by Hamas’ deadly raid into Israel last year that sparked the war in Gaza, Israel says it aims to prevent a similar incursion across its northern border from ever getting off the ground.
The Israeli military has combed through the dense brush of southern Lebanon for the past two weeks, uncovering what it says are Hezbollah’s deep attack capabilities — highlighted by a tunnel system equipped with weapons caches and rocket launchers that Israel says pose a direct threat to nearby communities.
Israel’s war against the Iran-backed militant group stretches far inside Lebanon, and its airstrikes in recent weeks have killed more than 1,700 people, about a quarter of whom were women and children, according to local health authorities. But its ground campaign has centered on a narrow patch of land just along the border, where Hezbollah has had a longstanding presence.
Hezbollah has deep ties to southern Lebanon
Hezbollah, which has called for Israel’s destruction, is the Arab world’s most significant paramilitary force. It began firing rockets into Israel a day after Hamas’ attack. After nearly a year of tit-for-tat fighting with Hezbollah, Israel launched its ground invasion into southern Lebanon on Oct. 1 and has since sent thousands of troops into the rugged terrain.
Even as it continues to bolster its forces, Israel says its invasion consists of “limited, localized and targeted ground raids” that are meant to destroy Hezbollah infrastructure so that tens of thousands of displaced Israelis can return home. The fighting also has uprooted more than 1 million Lebanese in the past month.
Many residents of southern Lebanon are supporters of the group and benefit from its social outreach. Though most fled the area months ago, they widely see the heavily armed Hezbollah as their defender, especially as the US-backed Lebanese army does not have suitable weapons to protect them from any Israeli incursion.
That broad support has allowed Hezbollah to establish “a military infrastructure for itself” within the villages, said Eva J. Koulouriotis, a political analyst specialized in the Middle East and Islamic militant groups. The Israeli military says it has found weapons within homes and buildings in the villages.
Hezbollah built a network of tunnels in multiple areas of Lebanon
With Israel’s air power far outstripping Hezbollah’s defenses, the militant group has turned to underground tunnels as a way to elude Israeli drones and jets. Experts say Hezbollah’s tunnels are not limited to the south.
“It’s a land of tunnels,” said Tal Beeri, who studies Hezbollah as director of research at The Alma Research and Education Center, a think tank with a focus on northern Israel’s security.
Koulouriotis said tunnels stretch under the southern suburbs of Beirut, where Hezbollah’s command and control are located and where it keeps a stockpile of strategic missiles. She said the group also maintains tunnels along the border with Syria, which it uses to smuggle weapons and other supplies from Iran into Lebanon.
Southern Lebanon is where Hezbollah maintains tunnels to store missiles — and from where it can launch them, Koulouriotis said. Some of the more than 50 Israelis killed by Hezbollah over the past year were hit by anti-tank missiles.
In contrast to the tunnels dug out by Hamas in the sandy coastal terrain of Gaza, Hezbollah’s tunnels in southern Lebanon were carved into solid rock, a feat that likely required time, money, machinery and expertise.
An Israeli military official said that using prior intelligence, Israel had found “hundreds and hundreds and hundreds” of underground positions, many of which could hold about ten fighters and were stocked with rations. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity in line with military rules, said troops were blowing up the tunnels found or using cement to make them unusable.
The group used tunnels during the monthlong 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war, but the network has been expanded since, even as a United Nations ceasefire resolution compelled Lebanese and UN forces to keep Hezbollah fighters out of the south.
In mid-August, Hezbollah released a video showing what appeared to be a cavernous underground tunnel large enough for trucks loaded with missiles to drive through. Hezbollah operatives were also seen riding motorcycles inside the illuminated tunnel, named Imad-4 after the group’s late military commander, Imad Mughniyeh, who was killed in Syria in 2008 in an explosion blamed on Israel.
Hezbollah’s tunnels could be hindering Israel’s mission
Israeli troops are pushing through southern Lebanon using tanks and engineering equipment, and air and ground forces have struck thousands of targets in the area since the invasion began.
The military recently said it found one cross-border tunnel that stretched just a few meters into Israel but did not have an opening. Israel also exposed a tunnel shaft that was located about 100 meters (yards) from a UN peacekeepers ‘ post, although it wasn’t clear what the precise purpose of that tunnel was.
Israel says the tunnels are stocked with supplies and weapons and are outfitted with lighting, ventilation and sometimes plumbing, indicating they could be used for long stays. It says it has arrested several Hezbollah fighters hiding inside, including three on Tuesday who were said to have been found armed. The Israeli military official said many Hezbollah fighters appear to have withdrawn from the area.
Lebanese military expert, Naji Malaeb, a retired brigadier general, said he assessed that Hezbollah’s tunnels were preventing Israel from making major gains. He compared that achievement to the war in Gaza, where Hamas has used its tunnels to bedevil Israeli forces and stage insurgency-like attacks.
Israeli authorities insist the mission in Lebanon is succeeding. It says it has killed hundreds of Hezbollah fighters since the ground operation in Lebanon began, though at least 15 Israeli soldiers have been killed during that time.
Israel has encountered Hezbollah’s tunnels before. In 2018, Israel launched an operation to destroy what is said were attack tunnels that crossed into Israeli territory. Beeri said that six tunnels were discovered, including one that was 1 kilometer (1,000 yards) long and 80 meters (87 yards) deep, crossing some 50 meters (yards) into Israel.
Israel believes Hezbollah was planning an Oct. 7-style invasion
For Israel, the tunnels are evidence that Hezbollah planned what Israel says would be a bloody offensive against communities in the north.
“Hezbollah has openly declared that it plans to carry out its own Oct. 7 massacre on Israel’s northern border, on an even larger scale,” Israeli military spokesman Rear. Adm. Daniel Hagari said the day troops entered Lebanon.
Israel has not released evidence that any such attack was imminent but has expressed concern that one might be launched once residents return.
Former Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, who was killed by Israel last month while in an underground bunker, had signaled in speeches that Hezbollah could launch an attack on northern Israel.
In May 2023, just months before Hamas’ attack, Hezbollah staged a simulation of an incursion into northern Israel with rifle-toting militants on motorcycles bursting through a mock border fence bedecked with Israeli flags.
Hezbollah officials have at times framed calls for an attack against Israel as a defensive measure that would be taken in times of war.
Israel unearths Hezbollah’s web of tunnels in southern Lebanon
https://arab.news/p9rc7
Israel unearths Hezbollah’s web of tunnels in southern Lebanon
- The Israeli military has combed through the dense brush of southern Lebanon for the past two weeks
- Airstrikes in recent weeks have killed more than 1,700 people, uprooted more than 1 million Lebanese in the past month
American strike kills Daesh leader in Syria
- The announcement of the latest strike came a day after the US said it had this year doubled the number of troops it has in Syria as part of the anti-IS fight
WASHINGTON: American forces killed a Daesh leader and another of the group’s members in a strike in Syria, the US military said on Friday.
Washington has stepped up military action against the extremist group since the fall of Bashar Assad’s government earlier this month, hitting areas that were shielded by Syrian and Russian air defenses before a lightning offensive by rebels who now control the country.
The strike took place on Thursday in Deir Ezzor province in eastern Syria, killing Daesh leader “Abu Yusif” and another operative, the US Central Command, or CENTCOM, said on social media, without providing further details on the two terrorists. “This airstrike is part of CENTCOM’s ongoing commitment, along with partners in the region, to disrupt and degrade efforts by terrorists to plan, organize, and conduct attacks,” CENTCOM said.
The strike “was conducted in an area formerly controlled by the Syrian regime and Russians,” it added.
The US has for years carried out periodic strikes and raids to help prevent a resurgence of Daesh but has launched dozens of strikes since Assad’s fall.
On Dec. 8 — the day militants took the capital Damascus — Washington announced strikes on more than 75 Daesh targets that CENTCOM said were aimed at ensuring it “does not seek to take advantage of the current situation to reconstitute in central Syria.”
And on Monday, CENTCOM said US forces killed 12 extremists from the group in strikes it said were carried out “in former regime and Russian-controlled areas.”
The announcement of the latest strike came a day after the US said it had this year doubled the number of troops it has in Syria as part of the anti-IS fight.
The US had for years said it has some 900 military personnel in the country as part of international efforts against the extremist group, which seized swathes of territory there and in neighboring Iraq before being defeated by local forces backed by a US-led air campaign.
But there are now “approximately 2,000 US troops in Syria” and have been for at least a few months, Pentagon spokesman Major General Pat Ryder told journalists, saying he had just received the updated figure.
Saudi Arabia, OIC welcome UN resolution seeking ICJ advisory opinion on Israel’s obligations
- UN body voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to adopt the resolution
- OIC commended the efforts of Norway and other co-sponsoring countries for championing the resolution
RIYADH: The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Friday welcomed the UN General Assembly's adoption of a resolution requesting an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Israel’s obligations in Gaza, the Saudi Press Agency reported.
Saudi Arabia expressed gratitude to nations that supported the resolution, emphasizing its aim to assist the Palestinian people amidst their ongoing challenges.
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation also expressed on Friday its support for the UN General Assembly’s recent approval of the resolution.
The UN body voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to adopt the resolution, which called on the ICJ to issue an advisory opinion on Israel’s humanitarian obligations to ensure and facilitate the unrestricted delivery of humanitarian aid necessary for the survival of Palestinian civilians in Gaza.
The resolution, drafted by Norway, was adopted with 137 member states voting in favor. Israel, the US and 10 other countries voted against it, and 22 abstained.
The OIC commended the efforts of Norway and other co-sponsoring countries for championing the resolution, SPA added.
In a statement, the OIC said Israel’s policies, including legislation impacting the presence, operations, and immunities of the UN and its agencies — such as the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees — and other international entities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, contravene the UN Charter and its resolutions.
“These actions deprive the Palestinian people of essential assistance and exacerbate the humanitarian crisis they are experiencing,” the organization stated.
The OIC also welcomed the UN General Assembly’s adoption of a resolution affirming the “permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources.”
Reiterating its commitment to Palestinian rights, the OIC urged all states, international organizations, and UN agencies to work toward ending Israel’s occupation and enabling Palestinians to realize their right to self-determination.
The organization called for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state based on the June 4, 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
Lebanese foreign minister: Israeli violations harm efforts to keep ceasefire
- More bodies recovered in Haret Hreik nearly 3 months after Israel’s deadly airstrikes
BEIRUT: Lebanon’s caretaker foreign minister, Abdallah Bou Habib, warned on Friday that continuing Israeli violations of Lebanese sovereignty undermined efforts to reinforce the ceasefire and diffuse tensions on the southern border.
He called on Western countries to “rapidly contribute to rebuilding what the Israeli war destroyed in Lebanon.”
Bou Habib had received calls from Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office Hamish Falconer, European Commissioner for Preparedness, Crisis Management and Equality Hadja Lahbib, and European Commissioner for the Mediterranean Dubravka Suica.
FASTFACT
UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert said that 2024 was a challenging year for Lebanon.
According to the Foreign Ministry, the discussion between Bou Habib and European officials focused on “ongoing Israeli violations of the ceasefire agreement.”
The minister promised to “seek to increase humanitarian assistance provided by the EU to Lebanon, enabling the country to address the war’s repercussions and impacts.”
Suica emphasized “the importance of supporting the Lebanese state’s capabilities, as this contributes to achieving long-term national stability.”
She also promised “continued European assistance to Lebanon, provided it is a priority on the EU’s agenda.”
Suica affirmed “the importance of electing a president and undertaking economic reforms in Lebanon, in cooperation with the International Monetary Fund, so that the EU could provide additional support.”
Also on Friday, the army chief said it remained “one of the few steadfast institutions in Lebanon, the rock of the nation, and one of the most critical factors ensuring its continuity.”
Army Commander Gen. Joseph Aoun was addressing first-year officer cadets at the military academy who recently joined the military institution as part of efforts to strengthen the Lebanese army’s capabilities to carry out its missions in the south and other regions.
Addressing the cadets, Gen. Aoun said that on graduation, they would “become a strength factor for the military units deployed across Lebanon and contribute to enhancing their professional performance, which has earned the trust of both Lebanese citizens and friendly nations.”
He added that Lebanon “protects the sects, not the other way around.”
Gen. Aoun urged the cadets to “disregard rumors aimed at undermining the army.”
He said: “Give your utmost effort, as your journey at the military academy is challenging but not impossible. Remember that armies are built for times of hardship, and sacrifice is our destiny, even to the point of martyrdom, should duty call. Let your party be Lebanon and your sect the military uniform.”
In other developments on Friday, Israeli forces continued their land violations of the ceasefire agreement.
Israeli troops directed heavy machine-gun fire toward the valleys between Qabrikha and Wadi Al-Salouqi near Ghandourieh, south of the Litani River.
The targeted area is not part of the region that remains occupied by Israel.
Israeli artillery bombed the outskirts of Halta, while the remaining houses in the border village of Kfarkila were detonated and bulldozed, sending tremors through neighboring areas.
Israeli forces also detonated houses located between the border villages of Blida and Aitaroun.
On Friday, Israeli forces withdrew from Bani Hayyan toward Markaba after they entered the area last Wednesday and bulldozed, detonated, and destroyed houses and roads.
Israeli army spokesperson Avichay Adraee reiterated via social media his reminder to “the residents of southern Lebanon that, until further notice, movement is prohibited south of a line of villages stretching from Mansouri to Shebaa and its surroundings.”
The restricted zone encompasses 63 border villages located south of this line.
UNIFIL and Lebanese army units were deployed in the valleys along the Litani River between Deir Seryan, Alman, El Qsair, Yohmor Al-Shaqif, and Zawtar Al-Sharqiya, while Israeli reconnaissance drones flew at low altitudes over the area.
Based on recommendations from the committee responsible for overseeing the ceasefire agreement, a security source said that “fixed checkpoints and posts for the Lebanese Army and UNIFIL will be established south of the Litani River, from Marjayoun to Qasmiyeh.”
Meanwhile, the recovery of bodies from Israeli attacks on Lebanon continued.
Civil Defense personnel in the Haret Hreik area of Beirut’s southern suburb retrieved three bodies in the morning from among seven missing persons still being searched for.
These people were killed in the heavy airstrikes that assassinated Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah on Sept. 27.
The bodies are set to undergo DNA testing to confirm their identities.
Civil Defense teams also recovered the body of a Syrian woman in the southern town of Khiam, which the Lebanese army entered after the withdrawal of Israeli forces.
The woman had been working at a dairy factory in the town when an Israeli air raid struck it.
UN Special Coordinator for Lebanon Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert said that 2024 was a challenging year for Lebanon.
She said in a statement: “Far too many lives were lost, devastated and disrupted. The conflict, which inflicted untold suffering and trauma, has left deep wounds, trauma and widespread destruction.”
“The arduous healing process, picking up the pieces and rebuilding, has just begun.
“While considerable work lies ahead to ensure that the ceasefire arrangement endures and yields the dividends of security and stability that the Lebanese people deserve, 2025 offers the promise of opportunity and reason for hope,” she said.
Hennis-Plasschaert said “the UN continues to stand by Lebanon and its people through challenging times.”
On Thursday evening, merchants held a protest in the central commercial market of Nabatieh city, which Israeli airstrikes had destroyed.
They called on “the Lebanese government and relevant departments to expedite the payment of compensation to institutions, factories, commercial shops, self-employed individuals, pharmacies, poultry, beekeeping and livestock industries, as well as compensation for damaged contents, to restore the economic wheel across the south.”
Moussa Shmeisani, head of the Nabatieh Merchants Association, stressed the need to “speed up the removal of the rubble and debris from the heart of Nabatieh, approve settlements and grant tax exemptions for institutions and shops, to mitigate the losses suffered by merchants as a result of the aggression.”
‘We admire Saudi vision, aspire for similar progress in Syria,’ says Al-Sharaa
- Head of HTS says he seeks no dominance over Lebanon
DAMASCUS: Ahmed Al-Sharaa, the head of the new Syrian administration, praised progress made by Saudi Arabia and neighboring Gulf countries in an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat published on Friday.
Speaking to the newspaper’s Bissane El-Cheikh at the Presidential Palace in Damascus on Thursday, he lauded the Gulf’s development, saying: “We admire the development in Gulf countries, particularly Saudi Arabia’s bold plans and vision, and we aspire to achieve similar progress for Syria.”
He added: “There are many opportunities for cooperation, especially in economic and developmental areas, where we can align our goals.”
During the interview, he also said that “the Syrian revolution ended with the regime's fall, and we will not allow it to spread elsewhere.”
Al-Sharaa stressed that Syria “will not be used to attack or destabilize any Arab or Gulf country.”
He said the Syrian opposition’s actions had “set the Iranian project in the region back by 40 years.”
Asked why Syria has yet to send a direct message to the Gulf and major Arab nations, Al-Sharaa responded by saying that his country has much to say to its Arab neighbors.
“Syria had become a platform for Iran to control key Arab capitals, spread wars, and destabilize the Gulf with drugs like Captagon,” he said.
He added: “By removing Iranian militias and closing Syria to Iranian influence, we’ve served the region’s interests—achieving what diplomacy and external pressure could not, with minimal losses.”
Al-Sharaa also criticized efforts to restore ties with the former Syrian regime, including its return to the Arab League in exchange for concessions.
“We were confident this would fail because we knew the regime would not make any genuine concessions or approach these overtures in good faith,” he said.
He claimed that during a meeting with Jordanian officials, the former regime was asked why it insisted on exporting Captagon to Jordan.
“The response was that it would not stop unless sanctions were lifted," Al-Sharaa said, adding “this is not how the regime operates.”
He emphasized that Gulf strategic security has since improved. “Today, the Iranian project in the region has been pushed back 40 years, making the Gulf more secure and stable.”
When asked if he would give reassurances on Syria not becoming a refuge for certain figures, Al-Sharaa dismissed concerns about hosting figures who cause concern for some Arab nations, saying Syria will not become a haven for controversial individuals.
“We are now focused on state-building. The revolution ended with the regime's fall, and we will not allow it to spread elsewhere. Syria will not be a platform to threaten or unsettle any Arab or Gulf country,” he said.
Al-Sharaa stressed that Syria seeks to rebuild and strengthen ties with Arab nations. “Syria is tired of wars and being used for others’ agendas. We want to restore trust and rebuild our country as part of the Arab world.”
On Syria’s relationship with its neighbor Lebanon, Al-Sharaa acknowledged concerns raised by Lebanese counterparts about him reaching Damascus, fearing it could strengthen one faction over another in Lebanon.
“We are not seeking any form of dominance over Lebanon,” he said. “We want a relationship based on mutual respect and exchange, without interfering in Lebanon’s internal affairs. We have enough work to do in our own country.”
Al-Sharaa emphasized Syria’s intention to maintain balanced relations, saying he aims “to stand equally with all Lebanese groups, and what pleases them, pleases us.”
Al-Sharaa was asked about a national dialogue conference and a new constitution to guide Syria’s future, and the mechanism that he plans to ensure inclusivity for all Syrians in the process, especially among the base of supporters and fighters who do not necessarily agree with his current moderate speech.
Al-Sharaa acknowledged differing opinions but emphasized he does not want to impose his personal views on Syrians.
“I believe in letting legal experts shape the relationship between citizens, with the law as the guide,” he said.
“Syria is diverse, and it's natural for there to be different opinions. This difference is healthy.”
Al-Sharaa stressed that the recent victory is for all Syrians, not one group over another.
“Even those we thought were loyal to the old regime expressed joy, as they had not been able to openly express their feelings before,” he noted.
He expressed confidence that Syrians, regardless of their background, are aware enough to protect their country.
“My aim is to reach a broad agreement and build a country where the rule of law helps resolve our differences,” Al-Sharaa concluded.
On the complex issue of forced disappearances and individuals missing in prisons and mass graves, Al-Sharaa said the previous regime was a criminal gang, not a political system.
“We fought a brutal group that committed crimes like arrests, forced disappearances, killings, displacement, starvation, chemical attacks, and torture,” he said.
He stressed that while the regime is gone, the focus should be on justice, not revenge.
“We must not approach this with a desire for vengeance,” he said.
Al-Sharaa stated that those responsible for crimes like the Saydnaya prison and chemical attacks must be held accountable.
“Their names are known and they must be pursued,” he said. He also affirmed that families have the right to file complaints against unknown perpetrators.
Al-Sharaa outlined efforts to address the issue of missing persons. “We’ve broken the barriers, and specialized organizations are now helping with this task,” he said.
A new ministry will be set up to track the fate of the missing, both the deceased and the living.
“This will also assist families with documents like death certificates and inheritance,” he added.
He acknowledged the challenge ahead but emphasized the need to uncover the truth. “This is a big task, but we must find the truth,” Al-Sharaa said.
When asked about hosting the interview at the People’s Palace, the same location where Bashar al-Assad once sat, Al-Sharaa responded with a light-hearted laugh.
“To be honest, I don’t feel comfortable at all,” he said. “But this is a place that should be open to the people, a site where they can visit and where children can play in these courtyards.”
* This article was originally published by Asharq Al-Awsat and can be read here.
Kurdish fighters in Syria face dual threats
- Suppressed for decades, the Kurds took advantage of the weakness of Bashar Assad’s government during the civil war
- But with the rise of the new authority following his ouster, they are left navigating a complex and uncertain future
BEIRUT: Kurdish fighters in northern Syria are increasingly under pressure from Turkish-backed armed groups while also fearing the new authorities in Damascus will upend their hard-won autonomy.
Suppressed for decades, the Kurds took advantage of the weakness of Bashar Assad’s government during the civil war, but with the rise of the new authority following his ouster, they are left navigating a complex and uncertain future.
As Islamist-led militants pressed their lightning 12-day offensive that toppled Assad on December 8, Turkish-backed fighters began a parallel operation against Kurdish-led forces in the north.
They quickly seized Tal Rifaat and Manbij, two key Kurdish-held areas in a 30-kilometer (17-mile) stretch along the Turkish border where Ankara wants to establish a so-called “security zone.”
Following a wave of fighting, a US-brokered truce took hold on December 11, although Kurdish forces say it has not been respected by Turkish forces in the area nor their proxies.
Kurdish fighters make up the bulk of the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) which was formed in 2015 and is seen as the Kurds’ de facto army.
The SDF spearheaded the fight that defeated Daesh group militants in Syria in 2019 and is still seen by the US as a “crucial” to prevent a militant resurgence in the area.
They have warned about a possible Turkish assault on the Kurdish-held border town of Kobani, also known as Ain Al-Arab, which has become a symbol of the fight against IS.
On Tuesday, SDF leader Mazloum Abdi proposed setting up a “demilitarized zone” in Kobani under US supervision.
There are also US troops in Syria as part of an international coalition against the militants, whose numbers doubled earlier this year to around 2,000, the Pentagon said Thursday.
As well as relying on pro-Turkish fighters, Ankara has between 16,000 to 18,000 troops in northern Syria, Turkish officials say, indicating they are ready for deployment “east of the Euphrates” if Kurdish fighters don’t disarm.
But Turkiye’s top diplomat Hakan Fidan on Wednesday said there would be no need for Ankara to intervene if the new government was to “address this issue properly.”
Observers say Ankara wants to take advantage of the Syrian upheaval to push Kurdish forces away from the border zone, seeing them as “terrorists” over their ties with the PKK which has fought a decades-long insurgency on Turkish soil.
Since 2016, the Turkish military has launched several operations in northern Syria targeting the YPG (the People’s Protection Units), which makes up the bulk of the SDF.
Turkish troops have remained in a large stretch of land on the Syrian side of the border.
Syria’s Kurds have made several gestures of openness toward the new authorities in Damascus, fearing for the future of their autonomous region.
They have adopted three-starred independence flag used by the opposition that is now flying over Damascus, and said Wednesday they were canceling customs and other taxes on goods moving between their area and the rest of Syria.
HTS’ military chief Murhaf Abu Qasra, whose nom de guerre is Abu Hassan Al-Hamawi, said Tuesday Kurdish-held areas would be integrated under the new leadership because Syria “will not be divided.”
“The region currently controlled by the SDF will be integrated into the new administration of the country,” he said.
