Saudi Arabia drives GCC shift toward clean energy, industrial growth: UNIDO

Saudi Arabia hosted the 2024 UN Industrial Development Organization Multilateral Industrial Policy Forum in Riyadh. X/@UNIDO
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Updated 24 October 2024
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Saudi Arabia drives GCC shift toward clean energy, industrial growth: UNIDO

  • Kingdom has taken bold steps to leverage its renewable energy resources, notably in green hydrogen production
  • Saudi Arabia’s leadership is part of a larger movement within the GCC countries to promote sustainable industrialization

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia is emerging as a leader in sustainable industrialization, spearheading regional efforts to transform the Middle East’s industrial landscape, a forum in Riyadh heard. 

At the 2024 UN Industrial Development Organization Multilateral Industrial Policy Forum, experts highlighted the Kingdom’s leadership in clean energy and industrial growth, driven by its Vision 2030 strategy. 

Naif Al-Osaimi, executive vice president of the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program, emphasized Saudi Arabia’s pivotal role in reshaping the regional industrial environment.

“The National Industrial Development and Logistics Program is one of the Vision 2030 plans to diversify and grow the Saudi economy,” Al-Osaimi said. “We aim to transform the Kingdom into a leading industrial powerhouse and a global logistics hub while maximizing the value created by the energy and mining sectors.” 




Naif Al-Osaimi, executive vice president of the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program, speaks at the 2024 UNIDO Multilateral Industrial Policy Forum. Screenshot

In line with these national ambitions, Saudi Arabia has taken bold steps to leverage its renewable energy resources, notably in green hydrogen production. 

According to the “Industrial Development Report 2024” by UNIDO, Saudi Arabia is “leveraging renewables to produce green hydrogen,” a key step in reducing carbon emissions and promoting a low-emission economy. 

These developments are crucial as the Kingdom seeks to become a global leader in clean energy while reducing its dependence on fossil fuels. 

Al-Osaimi said the synergy-driven approach of the NIDLP ensures that each sector within the economy contributes to and benefits from others, creating a cycle of maximized economic value. 

“In NIDLP, we build on the synergies between sectors, we make sure that each sector feeds another sector to create the maximum economic value out of this process,” he added. 

Regionally, Saudi Arabia’s leadership is part of a larger movement within the Gulf Cooperation Council countries to promote sustainable industrialization. 

The report highlighted the efforts of the Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting, which is coordinating industrial policies across the GCC to foster collaboration and ensure that each nation benefits from collective advancements in technology, energy, and infrastructure. 

Neighboring Bahrain is also making significant strides in sustainable industrial development. Khaled Al-Alawi, assistant undersecretary for industrial development in Bahrain, shared insights into the country’s strategy during the same panel at MIPF. 

“The industrial sector strategy spans from the years 2022 to 2026 to shape policies and build partnerships to build a robust and vibrant manufacturing sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain,” Al-Alawi said. 

He added that the main key performance indicators of this strategy are “to increase the sector’s contribution to the overall GDP (gross domestic product), increase national origin exports, and create value and quality job opportunities for Bahrainis.” 

Saudi Arabia’s industrial policy also focuses on renewable energy, digital transformation, and logistics — three pillars of its strategy to reduce dependency on oil.

As Al-Osaimi said the Kingdom is actively fostering partnerships between the private sector and government entities to ensure the success of its industrial ambitions. 




Khaled Al-Alawi, Bahrain’s assistant undersecretary for industrial development, speaks at the 2024 UNIDO Multilateral Industrial Policy Forum. Screenshot

Saudi Arabia’s vision is already shaping the region’s future. With Bahrain and other GCC nations following suit, the Middle East is transforming into a hub for sustainable, technologically advanced industries. 

The UNIDO report highlighted that Saudi Arabia’s commitment to Industry 4.0 technologies and renewable energy is driving this regional transformation, ensuring that the Gulf remains competitive in an evolving global economy. 

The Kingdom is also leading the region in green energy initiatives, particularly in leveraging renewable energy to produce green hydrogen, a key focus in reducing carbon emissions. 


GCC share of emerging-market dollar debt jumps to 35% in Q1 

Updated 6 sec ago
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GCC share of emerging-market dollar debt jumps to 35% in Q1 

RIYADH: Gulf Cooperation Council countries accounted for over 35 percent of all emerging-market US dollar debt issued in the first quarter of the year— excluding China— marking a sharp increase from around 25 percent in 2024, a new report revealed. 

In its latest analysis, Fitch Ratings forecast that the share is expected to continue rising through 2025 and 2026 as regional governments and corporations increasingly turn to debt capital markets for funding diversification, project finance, and budget support amid fiscal pressures and global economic uncertainty. 

The report stated that the total value of the GCC DCM exceeded $1 trillion across all currencies by the end of the first quarter, marking a 10 percent year-on-year increase.

Issuance reached $89 billion in the first three months of the year, up 11 percent from the previous quarter but down 3 percent compared to the same period of 2024. 

Despite a slowdown in activity since early April, Fitch noted “a healthy pipeline” is developing, supported by strong regional and Islamic investor liquidity. 

“The GCC DCM continues to be fragmented among its six member countries in its maturity, depth, and credit profile, with Saudi Arabia and the UAE the most mature,” the report stated. 

“In Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman, the lack of a link with international central securities depositories such as Euroclear or Clearstream partly hinders foreign-investor participation in the local-currency DCMs,” it added. 

According to the global investment banking firm State Street Global Advisors, other regions saw divergent trends. Brazil led the emerging market in local bond returns with a 13.7 percent gain, driven by currency appreciation and rate hikes. 

In contrast, Turkiye posted an 8.7 percent decline, reflecting political instability and currency depreciation. These shifts underscore varying macroeconomic dynamics across emerging markets. 

In the Kingdom, foreign investors increased their participation in local government debt, accounting for 7.7 percent of the investor base at the end of the first quarter of the year, up from 4.5 percent in 2024. 

Fitch noted that pressure from declining oil prices — forecast at $65 per barrel for 2025 and 2026 due to OPEC+ cuts and trade-related volatility — could widen fiscal deficits and lead to increased borrowing. 

Among the most vulnerable are Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, while Qatar, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi benefit from substantial sovereign wealth assets. Oman is seen as relatively well-positioned fiscally. 

Interest rate expectations are also playing a role in shaping the DCM outlook. Fitch projects the US Federal Reserve to lower rates to 4.25 percent by end of 2025, with GCC central banks expected to follow suit. 

Lower rates could support further issuance, as banks and corporates across the region continue to diversify their funding strategies. 

Sukuk remains a cornerstone of the GCC’s DCM, comprising around 40 percent of the total outstanding by the first quarter of the year. 

The region holds over 40 percent of the global sukuk market, though issuance fell 51 percent year on year in the first quarter to $18.2 billion. 

Conventional bonds rose 29 percent over the same period. Fitch reported that 83.5 percent of Fitch-rated GCC US dollar sukuk are investment-grade, with 57.8 percent in the “A” category and the majority holding stable outlooks. 

Environmental, social and governance financing is also gaining traction in the region, with GCC countries’ ESG DCM surpassing $50 billion in all currencies by the end of the quarter. 

National-level regulatory reforms are also reshaping local markets. In Kuwait, the cabinet’s approval of a long-delayed financing and liquidity law is expected to unlock new borrowing capacity. 

In the UAE, the apex bank continues to advance the Dirham Monetary Framework, with the currency’s share in the domestic DCM growing to 24.9 percent from just 0.5 percent in 2020. 

Sustainable finance is also gaining momentum, with the UAE developing a Sustainable Islamic M-Bills program and Qatar unveiling a sustainable finance framework. 

Despite global uncertainty, Fitch emphasized the resilience of the region’s credit quality, noting that no Fitch-rated GCC sukuk or bonds defaulted in 2024 or the first quarter of 2025.


Chinese carmakers to capture 34% of MEA market by 2030: AlixPartners 

Updated 39 min 33 sec ago
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Chinese carmakers to capture 34% of MEA market by 2030: AlixPartners 

RIYADH: Chinese automotive brands are expected to achieve a market share of 34 percent in the Middle East and Africa region by 2030, marking a rise from 10 percent in 2024, according to an analysis. 

In its latest report, global consulting firm AlixPartners stated that the MEA region will hold the highest share of vehicles produced by the Asian country outside of China, Russia, and Belarus by the end of the decade. 

The projections align with findings published in November by media intelligence firm CARMA, which revealed that car buyers in countries such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE show trust levels above 70 percent for Chinese automotive brands — more than double the confidence seen in the US. 

Alessandro Massaglia, partner and managing director at AlixPartners, said: “Chinese car manufacturers are rapidly gaining traction in the Middle East, positioning the region as a critical growth engine for their global exports.”

According to Massaglia, the technical prowess of Chinese vehicles and competitive pricing are two major factors attracting buyers in the Middle East. 

“Customers appreciate the competitive pricing and high technology content of Chinese vehicles. These brands are steadily gaining ground on established players, a trend expected to accelerate with the gradual shift toward electric vehicles,” he added. 

Countries including Saudi Arabia have already set clear targets for EV adoption, with the Kingdom aiming to have 30 percent of all vehicles in Riyadh electric by the end of this decade as part of its Vision 2030 initiative.

The report noted that the Middle East region is set to play an increasingly strategic role in the global growth ambitions of Chinese vehicle brands. 

“The region’s appetite for innovation, coupled with its investments in future mobility and sustainability, positions it as a key destination for next-generation automotive solutions,” said AlixPartners. 

It added: “The growing alignment between Chinese brands’ offerings and Middle Eastern market needs is expected to drive deeper partnerships, technology adoption, and competitive intensity across the automotive landscape in the coming years.” 

Middle East growth 

According to AlixPartners, the Middle East and Russia emerged as the most important markets for Chinese exports in 2024, surpassing North America and Europe in volume for the first time. 

“This shift comes as China continues to flex its muscles in the global automotive-export market, even amid the ongoing global tariff storm gripping the industry,” said AlixPartners. 

The global automotive industry has faced major upheaval since early April, after US President Donald Trump imposed a 145 percent tariff on Chinese imports — the highest so far in the trade dispute between the two countries.

According to the report, China’s exports globally rose by 23 percent year on year to reach 6.4 million passenger vehicles in 2024. 

The analysis noted that this growth is expected to moderate to 40 percent in 2025 as tariffs ripple through the market. 

Russia and the Middle East together accounted for 35 percent of China-origin vehicle exports in 2024, surpassing the combined shipments to Europe and North America for the first time. 

“China’s car sales to Russia and Belarus have more than doubled over the past five years, insulating it in part from the volatility of tariffs,” said Andrew Bergbaum, global leader of the automotive and industrial practice at AlixPartners. 

The report also forecasted that Chinese brands will account for 30 percent of the global automotive market by 2030, up from 21 percent in 2024, primarily driven by strong gains in emerging markets. 

Impact of tariffs 

President Donald Trump holds a chart as he announces a plan for tariffs on imported goods during an event Wednesday, April 2, 2025. Getty

According to AlixPartners, tariffs issued by the US and other countries will have a muted impact on the Chinese automotive industry. 

“Although recent tariffs from the US and other countries will increase the cost of China’s vehicle and auto components exports by about 24 percent, or $46 billion, this represents only about 3.8 percent of China’s total auto-industry production value,” said the consulting firm. 

Growth in the Chinese automotive industry will also be supported by domestic demand, which is expected to grow by 4 percent in 2025, reaching 26.8 million units. 

The report highlighted that domestic growth in China is primarily driven by the rapid adoption of EVs, increasingly featuring intelligent-vehicle technologies such as autonomous-driving systems. 

AlixPartners projected that EV sales in China will account for 54 percent of the domestic market in 2025. 

Highlighting innovation in Chinese vehicles, the report noted that Advanced Driving Assistance Systems, or ADAS, Level 2 and above were included in nearly 60 percent of passenger vehicle sales in China in 2024, compared to less than 40 percent in the US. 

ADAS refers to electronic technologies used in vehicles to enhance safety and driving comfort. 

As Chinese automakers strengthen their presence in the Middle East, driven by competitive pricing, technology adoption, and evolving market demand, continued growth is expected in the years ahead.


Saudi POS spending hits $3bn, fueled by jewelry sales

Updated 38 min 36 sec ago
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Saudi POS spending hits $3bn, fueled by jewelry sales

RIYADH: Jewelry spending in Saudi Arabia hit SR320.7 million ($85.4 million) between April 20 and 26, marking a weekly rise of 18.2 percent, according to the latest official figures.

The point-of-sale transactions bulletin issued by the Saudi Central Bank showed that this sector was one of the few that registered positive growth over the seven-day period.

The overall point-of-sale value decreased by 0.8 percent to SR11.3 billion during the week, with the number of transactions dropping 1.1 percent to 199.7 million.

Spending on electronics and electronic devices saw the second-largest increase, at 3.5 percent, to reach SR152.7 million. The number of transactions in this area increased 0.8 percent to 1 million.

Food and beverages spending followed with a 0.6 percent uptick to SR1.65 billion, accounting for the largest share of the week’s POS value.

Expenditure on education saw the biggest decrease, dipping by 17.5 percent to SR137.2 million, followed by hotels with a 13.7 percent drop to SR254.6 million.

Spending in restaurants and cafes saw a 2.1 percent fall to SR1.64 billion, although it still claimed the second-largest share of the POS value. Outlays on miscellaneous goods and services dropped 2.7 percent to SR1.34 billion.

Spending in the leading three categories accounted for approximately 40.8 percent, or SR4.6 billion, of the week’s total value.

Recreation and culture spending dropped by 7.4 percent to SR210.4 million, and expenditure on furniture decreased by 1.3 percent to SR224.9 million.

The clothing and footwear sector saw the smallest decline at 0.1 percent to SR607 million, with the number of transactions dropping by 1.9 percent to 4.6 million.

Geographically, Riyadh dominated POS transactions, representing around 36.1 percent of the total, with expenses in the capital reaching SR4.1 billion — a 0.1 percent increase from the previous week. 

Jeddah followed with a 0.5 percent decrease to SR1.7 billion; Dammam came in third at SR602.5 million, up 1.7 percent. 

Madinah experienced the most significant decrease in spending, dropping by 7.7 percent to SR421.1 million. Makkah followed with a 5.7 percent reduction to SR420.7 million.

Among Saudi cities, only Riyadh, Dammam, and Alkhobar experienced growth in transaction numbers. Riyadh reached 65.8 million transactions, reflecting a marginal uptick, while Dammam climbed to 8.5 million and Alkhobar to 4.5 million, marking modest gains compared to other regions.


Oil Updates — crude drops, poised for biggest monthly fall in 3 years

Updated 30 April 2025
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Oil Updates — crude drops, poised for biggest monthly fall in 3 years

SINGAPORE: Oil prices extended declines on Wednesday and were set for their largest monthly drop in more than three years as the global trade war eroded the outlook for fuel demand, while fears of mounting supply also weighed.

Brent crude futures fell by 83 cents, or 1.29 percent, to $63.42 per barrel by 10:30 a.m. Saudi time. US West Texas Intermediate crude futures dropped 92 cents, or 1.52 percent, to $59.50 a barrel.

Brent and WTI have lost 15 percent and 17 percent respectively so far this month, the biggest percentage drop since November 2021.

Both benchmarks slumped after US President Donald Trump’s April 2 announcement of tariffs on all US imports. They then sank further to four-year lows as China responded with its own levies against US imports, stoking a trade war between the top two oil-consuming nations.

Trump’s tariffs on imports into the US have made it probable the global economy will slip into recession this year, according to a Reuters poll.

China’s factory activity contracted at the fastest pace in 16 months in April, a factory survey showed on Wednesday.

Worries about demand amid the trade war have weighed on investor sentiment, said ANZ bank senior commodity strategist Daniel Hynes.

“There are also concerns that recent strength in US economic data was only temporary, due to stockpiling ahead of the tariffs that now appears to be abating,” he added.

US consumer confidence slumped to a nearly five-year low in April on growing concerns over tariffs, data showed on Tuesday.

Recent signs of a de-escalation in the trade wars, including a pair of orders Trump signed on Tuesday to soften the blow of his auto tariffs, eased some jitters among global investors.

That said, analysts believe the oil market will stay under pressure as the Trump administration continues to prioritize lower oil prices to manage inflation.

Oil prices were also undermined by fears of mounting supply from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and their allies, known as OPEC+.

Several OPEC+ members will suggest a ramp-up of output hikes for a second straight month in June, sources told Reuters last week. The group will meet on May 5 to discuss output plans.

On the supply front, US crude oil inventories rose by 3.8 million barrels last week, market sources said on Tuesday citing American Petroleum Institute data.

US government data on stockpiles is due at 5:30 p.m. Saudi time on Wednesday. Analysts polled by Reuters expect, on average, an 400,000 barrel increase in US crude oil stocks for last week.


Saudi Arabia’s PIF starts selling 7-year sukuk, document shows 

Updated 30 April 2025
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Saudi Arabia’s PIF starts selling 7-year sukuk, document shows 

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s sovereign wealth fund, the Public Investment Fund, has begun accepting bids for the sale of benchmark-sized, dollar-denominated 7-year Islamic bonds, or sukuk, according to an arranging bank document seen by Reuters on Wednesday. 

The indicative price for the sukuk sale has been placed around 145 basis points over US Treasuries, the document shows. 

Last week, Reuters reported through sources that Gulf issuers, including Saudi Arabia’s $925 billion sovereign wealth fund, are preparing a series of bond offerings despite market volatility caused by US President Donald Trump’s tariff policies.