RIYADH: Lebanon’s tourism sector is placing its hopes on international and Gulf visitors to help steer the country through a financial crisis that has gripped the nation since 2019.

As Beirut’s clubs and restaurants increasingly operate in US dollars, the city’s tourism and nightlife have emerged as fragile yet essential pillars of the economy, largely propped up by private investment.

The ongoing financial collapse — now in its sixth year — has created an $80 billion gap in the banking sector, with debt restructuring stalled amid persistent political gridlock.

Since 2019, the Lebanese pound has lost more than 90 percent of its value, while the country’s gross domestic product has contracted by nearly 40 percent.

The 2024 Hezbollah-Israel conflict further devastated the economy, inflicting widespread damage on tourist regions. In response, the World Bank approved a $250 million loan in June as part of a broader $1 billion recovery program, estimating the total cost of the conflict at $7.2 billion, with reconstruction needs reaching $11 billion.

A defiant party amid the ruins

In early June, fireworks lit up the sky above Beirut’s iconic St. Georges Hotel during a retro-themed event hosted by the Tourism Ministry, reviving memories of Lebanon’s golden age in the 1970s — a time when Gulf tourists filled its beaches, mountain resorts, and vibrant nightlife.

Today, that nostalgia is being reimagined for a new generation of affluent travelers. With the UAE and Kuwait lifting travel bans — and Saudi Arabia possibly following — high-end venues are pinning their hopes on a luxury tourism resurgence.

But renewed tensions in the region have cast a shadow over those ambitions. 

Lebanon’s tourism sector has seen “some cancellations in hotels, (flight) tickets, and car rentals,” Laura Lahoud, Lebanon’s tourism minister, told Arab News in an interview, acknowledging the impact of regional tensions.

“We are surely affected by the current situation in the Middle East, same as all the region. But if Lebanon remains neutral and does not take sides — as the president and prime minister are insisting — we can save the season,” Lahoud added.

Her optimism hinges on a fragile ceasefire between Iran and Israel. “Hopefully, it will go back to normal,” she said, while emphasizing that festivals and events remain untouched, except for the Beiteddine Festival, where “performers are from the US.”

The dollar hustle 

While Lebanon’s currency has collapsed, poverty has tripled, and the banking sector remains frozen, a parallel economy is flourishing in Beirut’s upscale neighborhoods like Gemmayzeh and Mar Mikhael.

Security is part of the appeal. Army patrols have become more visible in tourist areas, and Hezbollah banners along the airport road have quietly given way to billboards promoting “A New Era for Lebanon.”

But the real driver is privatization. With the state largely incapacitated, private investors — mostly dealing in US dollars — are fueling a boom in luxury tourism, pouring money into beach clubs, rooftop lounges, and curated VIP experiences that operate outside the formal economy.

“The private sector has always been a main driver,” said Lahoud, defending the government’s role as a facilitator rather than a funder. “Our role is to guide, organize, and direct investment into new sectors, new regions, and new ideas.”

Yet, some argue this model is unsustainable.

“The dollarized tourism economy has a negative impact on domestic tourism,” warned Jassem Ajaka, an economist and professor at the Lebanese University. 

“Prices become high for residents, especially if pricing is applied equally to tourists and locals. This is unsustainable because the dollar is not the country’s official currency,” he explained in an interview with Arab News.

Geopolitical gambles

The stakes could not be higher. Lebanon’s agricultural and industrial sectors lie in ruins.

Once accounting for 20 percent of GDP, tourism has emerged as the fastest route toward restoring ties with Gulf countries and reviving the economy.

President Joseph Aoun has made outreach to the Gulf a top priority, traveling to Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE to present Lebanon as “open for business.”

Lahoud emphasized that rebuilding tourist confidence in Lebanon “is the main objective.” 

She outlined plans to achieve this through comprehensive government reforms, coordinated airport improvements, streamlined visa processes for GCC families, shorter checkpoint delays, and the promotion of year-round tourism across all sectors.

“Before some Gulf countries removed the travel ban, Arab tourists were limited to Egyptians, Iraqis, and Jordanians,” said Jean Abboud, president of the Association of Travel and Tourist Agents in Lebanon.

“Demands from Gulf countries were growing steadily, especially from the Emirates, Kuwait, and Qatar. But due to the current conflict between Iran and Israel, everything has changed,” he told Arab News.

The fallout is immediate. “We, as tour operators nowadays, avoid including the south in our programs due to the unexpected problems,” Abboud added.

Lahoud stated that the ministry is collaborating closely with all industry groups to create unique visitor experiences in Lebanon. She added they plan to develop long-term policies and digital tools to support both city and countryside activities, and encourage vital small and medium investments across all regions.

Risky bet

“Over the past couple of years, I’ve noticed a shift toward a younger crowd — but interestingly, they’re spending more,” says Marco Khadra, ambassador at Factory People, a Beirut-based group organizing many of the country’s major music festivals.

“There’s a clear appetite for nightlife, even among younger demographics,” Khadra told Arab News.

But security concerns loom large. “Some people, including international acts, have felt Beirut isn’t safe, and that affects bookings and attendance,” Khadra admitted, adding: “Perception plays a big role in this industry.”

For bartenders like Lynn Abi Ghanem, who left Beirut for the Gulf, the sustainability of this boom is questionable. “Not in the long run,” she said of the shift toward Gulf tourists. “Tourists come for a short time, but it’s the locals who keep bars running all year. Without them, things feel off and won’t hold up.”

The staffing crisis is another weak link. “There are a lot of talented workers who aren’t paid what they deserve,” Abi Ghanem added. “If things don’t change, many will keep leaving.”

A mirage of recovery? 

Hotels have reported occupancy rates of 80 percent ahead of the summer season, while flights are operating at near capacity with expatriates and Gulf tourists. Yet Lebanon’s recovery remains precarious.

“Even though tourism’s contribution to the gross domestic product increased after the crisis to about 30 percent, this was due to the economic contraction,” explained Ajaka.

“We cannot say the sector has recovered because recovery depends on political stability and investment inflows.”

For now, the party continues, sustained by Gulf investment and the relentless drive of Beirut’s nightlife entrepreneurs.

But as Ajjaka conceded: “The biggest enemy of tourism is any security obstacle.” And in a country where crisis is the only constant, the stakes have never been higher.
 

SYDNEY/LONDON: Global stocks fell on Friday after US President Donald Trump ramped up his tariff war against Canada, leaving Europe squarely in the firing line, sparking a modest investor push into safe havens like gold, while bitcoin hit a new record high.

The Canadian dollar fell after Trump issued a letter late on Thursday that stated a 35 percent tariff rate on all imports from Canada would apply from August 1, adding the EU would receive a letter by Friday.

The US president, whose global wave of tariffs has upended businesses and policymaking, floated a blanket 15 percent or 20 percent tariff rate on other countries, a step up from the current 10 percent baseline rate.

This week he surprised Brazil, which has a trade surplus with the US, with duties of 50 percent, and hit copper, pharmaceuticals and semiconductor chips.

Aside from pockets of volatility in target currencies, stocks or commodities, markets have offered little in the way of reaction to the onslaught, leaving the VIX volatility index at its lowest since late February.

In Europe, the STOXX 600, which has risen 2.2 percent this week, fell 0.7 percent. Futures on the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq fell 0.6 percent, pointing to a retreat from this week’s record highs at the open later.

“The market is becoming a bit numb to these (tariff) announcements, and perhaps it’s not until we see hard data showing an impact that we (will) start to see the market reacting,” City Index strategist Fiona Cincotta said.

“Obviously, we’re getting more information through that does bring with it an element of clarity. Because there is so much uncertainty, there is still this idea that Trump could be open to negotiation, nothing feels ‘final’ still,” she said.

The dollar rose 0.3 percent against the Canadian dollar to $1.3695. The euro, which has lost nearly 1 percent in value since the start of July, was down 0.2 percent at $1.1683.

Earlier in the week, Trump pushed back his tariff deadline of July 9 to August 1 for many trading partners to allow more time for negotiations, but broadened his trade war, setting new rates for a number of countries, including allies Japan and South Korea, along with a 50 percent tariff on copper.

Joseph Capurso, head of international economics at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, said the tariff rate of 35 percent on Canada was not as bad as feared because most of the imports are still subject to exemptions under the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement.

“Now the tariff rate on imports from the EU ... That’s what we don’t know as yet,” Capurso said. “If you get something similar to (the US-China trade war in April), that’s going to be very destabilising.”

Wall Street indexes posted record closing highs on Thursday as AI chip maker Nvidia made history, bagging a market valuation above $4 trillion.

Gold rose for a third day in a row, up 0.6 percent to $3,342 an ounce, bringing gains for July so far to 1.2 percent. Treasuries got less of a safe-haven boost, as investor concern about the fragility of long-term US government finances prompted a selloff that pushed yields up.

Benchmark 10-year yields rose 3 basis points to 4.38 percent, adding to Thursday’s rise on the back of data that showed jobless claims unexpectedly fell last week.

The yen, which also typically behaves like a safe-haven, has been steadily weakening as the prospects dim for a US-Japan trade deal. The dollar was up 0.4 percent on Friday at 146.76 yen , set for a weekly gain of 1.6 percent, the biggest this year.

Bitcoin jumped 3.8 percent to $117,880, the highest on record.

Investors will be watching second-quarter corporate earnings next week to gauge the impact of Trump’s tariffs from April 2. JPMorgan Chase is due to release results on Tuesday, essentially kicking off the reporting period.