DECEMBER 8 marks Constitution Day of Uzbekistan. The Parliament of Uzbekistan adopted on Dec. 8, 1992, the Basic Law of the nation — the constitution of the sovereign Uzbekistan. On the same day Uzbek President Islam Karimov signed the laws ‘On the Adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan’, ‘On Declaring the Constitution Day of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a National Holiday’, and ‘On the Order of Enforcement of the Constitution’.
Twenty-two years have passed since that time. During this period democracy has become stronger in the country. The Basic Law has been, in fact, a policy document that created all the necessary conditions for the flourishing of the open civil society where people, their rights and freedom are the main priority. These principles were enshrined in the constitution which states that “democracy in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall rest on the principles common to all mankind, according to which the ultimate value is the human being, his/her life, freedom, honor, dignity, and other inalienable rights.”
At the dawn of its independence the young state faced a difficult task — to develop and to adopt a constitution that would correspond to the new realities. However, during that time, just as now, the head of state had a clear political vision according to which he built his strategy. He succinctly expressed this idea in his book ‘Uzbekistan on the Threshold of Independence’.
He writes “the main thing for us is always serve the interests of the people, the interests of the country, to create decent living conditions for all who live on this land. Our wealth, our opportunities, our people with ancient traditions and culture that gave the world brilliant thinkers and great scientists and will have all the necessary conditions so that every family and every person on this land live in happiness.”
The Basic Law was developed according to the traditions, geographic, ethnic, economic, political and historical features. It was a kind of a ‘regulatory element’ and a guarantor of all spheres of life of the people and the state.
“The whole lot of reforms and transformation in the life of every person in Uzbekistan and the nation in general, coupled with the confident advancement of the country toward progress and prosperity, are the result of rigorous adherence to the norms and requirements fixed in the constitution,” said President Islam Karimov during a speech at the 20th anniversary of the constitution.
The constitution became the basis for Uzbekistan’s unique model of socio-economic development. It guarantees social stability, peace and harmony in the country. With its adoption country’s political process received new realities such as a multi-party system, free elections, liberalization. The constitution created a stable political system, bicameral professional parliament, and a holistic legal framework that regulates the life of the society and the state.
However, there are always new requirements and criteria for the development of the country. Along with the time the constitution ‘matures’ and ‘accumulates’ new provisions in tune with the relevant strategic requirements.
The constitution of Uzbekistan has been amended six times since its first adoption. But the basic fundamental provisions of the 1992 constitution have been retained as they are topical today.
We must pay tribute to the fact that the constitution’s adoption predestined the future of Uzbekistan. Incorporating the fundamental provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other fundamental international documents, our constitution made the rights, interests and freedoms of people pre-eminent over state interest. The Basic Law defined creating decent living conditions for the people to be its core essence. The constitution proclaimed the principles of social justice. Moreover, the constitution enshrined the basic principle of the rule of law; it declared all citizens to be equal before the law.
The constitution supports the principle of the separation of power between the legislative, executive and judicial authorities. Legal frameworks to strengthen the independence of the branches of government have been created in Uzbekistan so to guarantee their independent development. The Constitution created effective mechanisms of checks and balances which is the most fundamental component of a democratic regime.
Thanks to its constitution, Uzbekistan established a strong legal framework for the development of various institutions of civil society, multi-party system and free activity of political parties. The constitution ensured the revival of national traditions, language, values and culture of the people. It created conditions for moral perfection and harmonious development of human kind.
And today, analyzing the chosen strategy, we can say that the ultimate goals of political reforms, economic modernization, humanitarian and spiritual development which radically changed Uzbekistan’s image and place in the international community were correct.
Results achieved in state-building and in socio-economic reforms were achieved due to the laws and programs adopted in accordance with the basic principles and norms of the constitution. The young country has made great strides which are widely recognized in the world. These facts thereby reaffirm the correctness of the path chosen by the country for its independent development.
Speaking of absolute importance and significance of the constitution, we should not forget that the Day of the Constitution is also a great national holiday. Meetings, discussions and various cultural and educational events devoted to the 21st anniversary of the constitution are held across the country.
During these events, the focus is given to propagate the essence and meaning of the Basic Law and to improve legal awareness of the people. Rights and duties of the people enshrined in the constitution are being fully explained during the meetings organized in enterprises, neighborhoods, schools etc. To facilitate this process President of Uzbekistan issued ordinance ‘On the Arrangement of Study of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan’ dated Jan. 4, 2001.
Due to this document the country created an effective system for a deeper study and broad explanation to youth the content and meaning of each section, chapter and article of the constitution.
There is another important thing about the Constitution Day. These days, the government outlines priority areas for further development of the country, reflecting the dreams and aspirations of the nation. At the initiative of the head of state, Year 2014 was declared the Year of Healthy Child.
22 years on: Uzbeks continue their journey toward progress
22 years on: Uzbeks continue their journey toward progress
In Dubai’s Gold Souk, bullion’s record run brings little joy for jewellers
- Bullion prices have hit record highs above $3,400 an ounce
- US tariffs and other factors have added fire to already hot demand for gold
DUBAI: In the bustling Gold Souk in Dubai, dubbed the “City of Gold,” 22-karat gold jewelry is a traditional favorite for weddings, religious celebrations, and as a family investment.
Yet with bullion prices hitting record highs above $3,400 an ounce, there are signs of change, as buyers look to diamonds and lighter gold jewelry, instead.
While US tariffs and other factors have added fire to already hot demand for gold as an investment, the impact is different for gold jewelry, according to Andrew Naylor, head of Middle East and Public Policy at the World Gold Council (WGC).
“In markets like Dubai, this creates a two-fold effect: on one hand, you see stronger interest in gold as a safe-haven asset, on the other, high prices dampen jewelry demand.”
At Dubai’s Gold Souk, retailers said they are seeing this trend, as current prices prompt shoppers to look for alternatives.
“There are no potential customers nowadays because of the gold prices,” said Fahad Khan, a sales representative at retailer Damas Jewellery.
“It’s a little bit tough to afford gold, so I think it’s better to go with diamonds,” said Lalita Dave, 52, as she browsed around the Gold Souk.
Lab-grown diamonds
Dubai has been a magnet for gold buyers for at least 80 years, starting with Iranian and Indian traders, both cultures sharing a tradition of 22-karat jewelry for adornment and investment.
Yet as gold prices rose 27 percent last year, demand for gold jewelry in the UAE fell by around 13 percent, outpacing an 11 percent drop globally, according to the WGC.
Jewellery demand could face further pressure across key regions in 2025 if gold prices remain elevated or volatile, the WGC said in its gold demand trends report published in February.
Price swings, more than price levels, are increasingly shaping consumer behavior, particularly in India, it noted.
Shifts in Indian purchasing patterns often ripple through Gulf markets such as the UAE, where buyers are a key driver of sales.
Goldman Sachs recently raised its end-2025 gold forecast to $3,700 per ounce and said prices could climb as high as $4,500.
“Higher gold prices are likely to dampen demand for jewelry, in a classic example of how the best cure for high prices is high prices,” said Russ Mould, investment director at AJ Bell.
One sign of economizing has been the rise of lab-grown diamonds.
India exported $171 million worth of lab-grown diamonds to the UAE in 2024, up almost 57 percent from $109 million two years earlier, data from the Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council showed.
India’s exports of cut and polished diamonds to the UAE in the April–November 2024 were up 3.7 percent.
UAE ranked third in global diamond imports in 2023, trade data shows, its primary trade partners including India, South Africa, and Belgium.
While the UAE accounted for just 1.5 percent of the global diamond jewelry market by revenue in 2023, it is projected to grow by 5.9 percent annually to reach nearly $2 billion by 2030, according to Grand View Research.
That outpaces the global growth forecast of 4.5 percent and makes the UAE the fastest growing market in the Middle East and Africa.
Trade tensions
One impact from recent trade tensions with the US has been accelerated talk about finding alternative markets and production hubs, two executives at major Indian diamond exporters said.
If tensions persist, potentially spanning years, one of the sources speaking to Reuters on condition of anonymity said his company’s contingency plans included shifting some Indian production overseas, including to the UAE.
Shamlal Ahamed, managing director of international operations at retailer Malabar Gold & Diamonds, said the rise in lab-grown diamond jewelry sales in the UAE appeared to be driven more by design preferences than pricing and he remained bullish on gold jewelry demand.
“While price-conscious buyers may wait for a dip, our experience shows that such declines are often short-lived, with buyers quickly adapting to new price levels.”
NASA’s oldest active astronaut returns to Earth on 70th birthday
WASHINGTON: Cake, gifts and a low-key family celebration may be how many senior citizens picture their 70th birthday.
But NASA’s oldest serving astronaut Don Pettit became a septuagenarian while hurtling toward the Earth in a spacecraft to wrap up a seven-month mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
A Soyuz capsule carrying the American and two Russian cosmonauts landed in Kazakhstan on Sunday, the day of Pettit’s milestone birthday.
“Today at 0420 Moscow time (0120 GMT), the Soyuz MS-26 landing craft with Alexei Ovchinin, Ivan Vagner and Donald (Don) Pettit aboard landed near the Kazakh town of Zhezkazgan,” Russia’s space agency Roscosmos said.
Spending 220 days in space, Pettit and his crewmates Ovchinin and Vagner orbited the Earth 3,520 times and completed a journey of 93.3 million miles over the course of their mission.
It was the fourth spaceflight for Pettit, who has logged more than 18 months in orbit throughout his 29-year career.
The trio touched down in a remote area southeast of Kazakhstan after undocking from the space station just over three hours earlier.
NASA images of the landing showed the small capsule parachuting down to Earth with the sunrise as a backdrop.
The astronauts gave thumbs-up gestures as rescuers carried them from the spacecraft to an inflatable medical tent.
Despite looking a little worse for wear as he was pulled from the vessel, Pettit was “doing well and in the range of what is expected for him following return to Earth,” NASA said in a statement.
He was then set to fly to the Kazakh city of Karaganda before boarding a NASA plane to the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Texas.
The astronauts spent their time on the ISS researching areas such as water sanitization technology, plant growth in various conditions and fire behavior in microgravity, NASA said.
The trio’s seven-month trip was just short of the nine months that NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams unexpectedly spent stuck on the orbital lab after the spacecraft they were testing suffered technical issues and was deemed unfit to fly them back to Earth.
Space is one of the final areas of US-Russia cooperation amid an almost complete breakdown in relations between Moscow and Washington over the Ukraine conflict.
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Philippines devotees nailed to crosses to re-enact Christ’s crucifixion
- Around 80 percent of the Philippines’ 110 million people are Roman Catholics
- Rituals form part of Holy Week, which spans from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday
CUTUD, Philippines: Christian devotees from the Philippines were nailed to a cross on Friday in a reenactment of Jesus Christ’s crucifixion in the predominantly Catholic nation.
Hundreds of Filipinos and foreign tourists flocked to the northern village of San Pedro Cutud in Pampanga province to witness Ruben Enaje nailed to the cross and portray Christ for the 36th time in an annual devotional display. Two other devotees joined him in re-enacting the crucifixion.
Actors dressed as Roman soldiers hammered Enaje’s palms with two-inch nails. Ropes and fabric supported their bodies as they were raised on wooden crosses.
“The first five seconds were very painful. As time goes and the blood goes down, the pain numbs and I can stay on the cross longer,” Enaje, 64, said in an interview.
Around 80 percent of the Philippines’ 110 million people identify as Roman Catholics. The rituals form part of Holy Week, which spans from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday and is one of the most sacred and solemn periods in the Philippines’ religious calendar.
During Holy Week, some devotees flog their backs repeatedly with bamboo whips in an act of self-flagellation to seek penance and atonement. The Catholic Church has discouraged the practice, saying prayers and sincere repentance are enough to commemorate Lent.
‘Star Wars’ fans wave lightsabers as an upcoming film gets announced in Japan
- Gosling and director Shawn Levy appeared on stage Friday before a lightsaber-waving crowd at Makuhari Messe center outside Tokyo
- The event, called Star Wars Celebration, continues through Sunday
CHIBA: The Force was with many Japanese, as well as visitors from abroad, at a “Star Wars” event on Friday where Lucasfilm announced that the next installation in the franchise will hit theaters in May 2027 starring Ryan Gosling.
Appearing on stage before a lightsaber-waving crowd at Makuhari Messe center outside Tokyo, Gosling showed a photo of his childhood bedsheets, plastered with illustrations from the space epic created by George Lucas.
“I guess I was dreaming about ‘ Star Wars ‘ even before I saw the film,” Gosling said.
Shawn Levy, who will direct the movie, told the crowd that “Star Wars: Starfighter” will not be a prequel or a sequel, but a new standalone adventure with new characters set several years after “Episode Nine.” Filming starts later this year, he said.
Levy, who also directed the 2006 film “The Pink Panther” and the recent Netflix series “Stranger Things,” said little else, noting: “I can’t say much about it because I understand the rules.”
Only the title was shown on a giant screen, although that was enough for the crowd to burst into cheers.
The event, called Star Wars Celebration, which runs through Sunday, is full of “Star Wars“-themed merchandise including T-shirts, toys, books, manga comics, AC chargers, cellphone covers, autographs, posters and more.
The Lego booth featured a man wearing the ominous black mask and cloak of Darth Vader, made out of Legos. The deep-breathing villain also appeared as traditional Japanese lacquerware decorating earphones in a limited edition of 10, each selling for 990,000 yen ($7,000). Darth Vader T-shirts were more affordable at 8,000 yen ($56).
“It makes me so happy to think everyone here loves ‘Star Wars,’” said Yoshiki Takahashi, 26, who was holding a remote-controlled R2-D2 miniature robot.
“I love the directing, the sound of the gun and the lightsaber, but above all the story, with great fight scenes and, of course, human drama,” he added.
Another Japanese man, who said he goes only by Hiro, was dressed as the “Star Wars” character Mandalorian, in a detailed costume he made himself, complete with a plastic sword and armor.
Also present were “Star Wars” fans from around the world, including a robed Raul Herrera, a computer science teacher from Chile, who was there with friends.
“All of them,” said Herrera, when asked which ‘Star Wars’ films he’d seen. “The sense of commitment of the characters, I really like it.”
With offshoot stories spanning generations and literally the cosmos, “Star Wars” is one of the highest-grossing franchises of all time since its 1977 debut, starring Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker.
It may be natural that “Star Wars” appeals to Japanese: Its story about a samurai-like hero who befriends various characters along his journey echoes the nation’s fables, as well as legendary Akira Kurosawa films.
Scientists find possible chemical signs of life on a faraway planet
- Researchers found evidence of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide in the atmosphere of the planet known as K2-18b
- On Earth, those two compounds are produced primarily by microbial life, such as marine phytoplankton
LONDON: Astronomers have found possible chemical signs of life on a distant planet outside our solar system, though they caution more work is needed to confirm their findings.
The research, led by scientists at the University of Cambridge, detected evidence of compounds in the exoplanet’s atmosphere that on Earth are only produced by living organisms and contended it’s the strongest potential signal yet of life.
Independent scientists described the findings as interesting, but not nearly enough to show the existence of life on another planet.
“It is the strongest sign to date of any possibility of biological activity outside the solar system,” Cambridge astrophysicist Nikku Madhusudhan said during a livestream on Thursday.
By analyzing data from the James Webb Space Telescope, the researchers found evidence of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide in the atmosphere of the planet known as K2-18b. The planet is 124 light-years away; one light-year is equivalent to nearly 6 trillion miles.
On Earth, those two compounds are produced primarily by microbial life, such as marine phytoplankton.
The planet is more than double Earth’s size and more than 8 times more massive. It’s in the so-called habitable zone of its star. The study appeared in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Madhusudhan stressed that further research is needed to rule out any errors or the possibility of other processes, besides living organisms, that could produce the compounds.
David Clements, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London, said atmospheres on other planets are complex and difficult to understand, especially with the limited information available from a planet so far away.
“This is really interesting stuff and, while it does not yet represent a clear detection of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide, it is a step in the right direction,” he said in comments released by the Science Media Center in London.
More than 5,500 planets orbiting other stars have been confirmed so far. Thousands more are in the running out of the billions out there in our Milky Way galaxy alone.
Launched in 2021, Webb is the biggest and most powerful observatory ever sent into space.
