A history of Saudi-French relations

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and French President Emmanuel Macron. (File/AFP)
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Updated 13 July 2020
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A history of Saudi-French relations

  • Diplomatic relations between France and Saudi Arabia have thrived over time

Diplomatic relations between France and Saudi Arabia, encompassing all aspects of mutually beneficial cooperation from trade and cultural agreements to defense pacts, have thrived over time. 

Key Dates

  • 1

    France opens a consulate in Jeddah, its first diplomatic post in the Arabian Peninsula.

  • 2

    Prince Faisal bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, the future king of Saudi Arabia, is the first member of the royal family to pay an official visit to France.

  • 3

    Full diplomatic relations begin when France becomes one of the first countries to recognize the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, the forerunner to the unified Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, established in 1932.

  • 4

    Having remained officially neutral throughout the Second World War, while supplying oil vital to the French and Allied war effort, Saudi Arabia symbolically declares war on Germany and Japan.

  • 5

    In his role as Saudi foreign minister, Prince Faisal visits Paris after France becomes one of the first countries to recognize the new Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

    Timeline Image 1932

  • 6

    Having remained officially neutral throughout the Second World War, while supplying oil vital to the French and Allied war effort, Saudi Arabia symbolically declares war on Germany and Japan.

  • 7

    Following the invasion of Egypt by France, Britain and Israel, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud severs diplomatic relations with France and Britain and halts oil shipments to both countries.

  • 8

    Diplomatic relations with France and Britain are restored.

  • 9

    France and Saudi Arabia sign a cultural and technical cooperation agreement.

  • 10

    The École Française Internationale opens in Jeddah, the first of a series of French schools that have since opened in the Kingdom.

    Timeline Image 1966

  • 11

    France condemns Israeli aggression; King Faisal visits French President Charles de Gaulle in Paris on his first state visit as ruler of Saudi Arabia.

    Timeline Image June 1967

  • 12

    Saudi Arabia and France sign a military assistance agreement.

  • 13

    King Faisal makes a state visit to France, where he is received by President Georges Pompidou.

    Timeline Image October 1973

  • 14

    In a speech on a state visit to Riyadh, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, the first French president to visit Saudi Arabia, salutes the Kingdom as a world power.

    Timeline Image January 1977

  • 15

    King Khaled bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud issues a royal decree approving a license for setting up Banque Saudi Fransi (named then Al Bank Al Saudi Al Fransi).

  • 16

    King Khaled travels to Paris on his first state visit to France.

    Timeline Image 1978

  • 17

    France sends equipment and military advisers to help Saudi special forces end the siege of the Grand Mosque in Makkah.

  • 18

    French President Giscard d’Estaing again visits Riyadh.

    Timeline Image March 1980

  • 19

    Newly elected French President Francois Mitterrand’s first official visit outside Europe is to Riyadh.

    Timeline Image September 1981

  • 20

    King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud makes his first state visit to France as ruler of Saudi Arabia.

    Timeline Image 1984

  • 21

    1996: Saudi Arabia and France agree upon a wide-ranging strategic partnership.

  • 22

    Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, governor of the Riyadh province and future king of Saudi Arabia, meets French President Jacques Chirac in Paris and signs a charter of cooperation and friendship between Riyadh and Paris.

    Timeline Image April 1997

  • 23

    The Saudi-French Business Council is founded.

  • 24

    Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud makes an official visit to Paris.

    Timeline Image April 2005

  • 25

    French President Jacques Chirac becomes the first western leader to address the Majlis in Saudi Arabia during a state visit.

    Timeline Image March 2006

  • 26

    France and Saudi Arabia sign a defense cooperation agreement.

  • 27

    King Abdullah returns to Paris for an official visit with French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

    Timeline Image June 2007

  • 28

    French President Sarkozy begins a two-day state visit to Saudi Arabia, which includes the signing of a cooperation agreement in the oil, gas and mining resources sectors.

    Timeline Image January 2008

  • 29

    Alliance Française, the organization dedicated to teaching French as a second language, opens offices in Saudi Arabia.

  • 30

    Newly elected French President François Hollande visits King Abdullah in Jeddah to discuss regional issues and continuing cooperation between the two countries.

    Timeline Image November 2012

  • 31

    President Hollande, accompanied by French business leaders, meets King Abdullah in Riyadh on a two-day visit to Saudi Arabia to discuss commercial cooperation and to pledge that the two countries “will work for peace, security and stability in the Middle East.”

    Timeline Image December 2013

  • 32

    Crown Prince Salman bin Abdul Aziz, deputy prime minister and the future king of Saudi Arabia, makes a four-day official visit to France.

    Timeline Image Sept. 1, 2014

  • 33

    xx

    Timeline Image January 2015

  • 34

    President Hollande meets King Salman in Riyadh and addresses the first-ever summit between the Gulf Cooperation Council and France, pledging “to work with all my force to deepen this relationship and strategic partnership, with your member states and with your organization, at all levels.”

    Timeline Image May 5, 2015

  • 35

    Deputy Crown Prince and Defense Minister Mohammed bin Salman meets President Hollande in Paris as France and Saudi Arabia sign trade deals worth $12 billion.

    Timeline Image June 2015

  • 36

    A delegation of the Saudi-French Parliamentary Friendship Committee of the Shura Council meets Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault at the French Foreign Ministry in Paris to discuss ways to strengthen bilateral relations between the two nations.

    Timeline Image May 15, 2016

  • 37

    French President Emmanuel Macron makes a surprise visit to Saudi Arabia to meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman following an Iran-backed Houthi missile attack on Riyadh and to pledge to “work with Saudi Arabia for the purpose of guaranteeing stability in the region and the fight against terrorism.”

    Timeline Image November 2017

  • 38

    Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is a guest at a gala dinner at the Élysée Palace on a three-day visit to Paris to meet President Emmanuel Macron and secure contracts between French and Saudi companies worth $18 billion.

    Timeline Image April 2018

  • 39

    In Paris, in the presence of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and French President Emmanuel Macron, Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Farhan Al-Saud, governor of the Royal Commission for AlUla, and Jean-Yves Le Drian, minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs of the French Republic, sign an intergovernmental agreement to collaborate on the development of AlUla as a major cultural and tourism destination.

    Timeline Image April 10, 2018

  • 40

    The Royal Commission for AlUla signs an agreement with Campus France to train Saudis who will work in hospitality at AlUla.

  • 41

    The French agency Afalula is founded in Paris to support the development of AlUla.

  • 42

    The AlUla tourism project is launched with plans for a luxury resort designed by French Pritzker-prize-winning architect Jean Nouvel, due to open by 2023.

  • 43

    “AlUla: Wonder of Arabia,” an exhibition at the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris, highlights the Kingdom’s cultural treasure.

    Timeline Image October 2019

  • 44

    French President Emmanuel Macron is among the world leaders who attend a virtual extraordinary meeting of the G20 focused on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and hosted by King Salman.

    Timeline Image March 2020

  • 45

    France condemns a missile and drone attack on Riyadh by Yemen’s Houthi militia.

 


Superintelligent AI could replace human researchers, experts suggest

Updated 1 min 9 sec ago
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Superintelligent AI could replace human researchers, experts suggest

  • AI opens new horizons in hypothesis generation, data analysis, Riyadh panel hears
  • Global Healthspan Summit discusses ethical implications surrounding AI in healthcare

RIYADH: Experts at a Riyadh conference on Wednesday tackled the question of whether human researchers will become obsolete in the face of superintelligent machines capable of making groundbreaking discoveries.

A panel discussion during the Global Healthspan Summit, which has Arab News as a media partner, brought together specialists to explore the potential of artificial intelligence in scientific research.

The session, titled “AI — The Greatest Scientist in Waiting?” challenged the scientific community by positing that the new technology could surpass human capabilities in hypothesis generation, experimental design, and data analysis.

Two prominent contributors, Dr. Christoph Benn, director of the JLI Center for Global Health Diplomacy in Switzerland, and Jamie Heywood, CEO and founder of Alden Scientific in the US, took part in the discussion, which was moderated by Dr. Jens Eckstein, investment partner at the Hevolution Foundation in Saudi Arabia.

Heywood opened the conversation by emphasizing the transformative potential of AI.

“Mathematics and data techniques are not particularly new. What changes is the amount of data and the computational power we can apply to it,” he said.

Modern scientific method, when combined with AI, allows researchers to ask more nuanced questions, Heywood said.

Rather than relying on generalized clinical trials, researchers can now tailor inquiries to individual circumstances, thus enhancing the relevance and applicability of findings.

Heywood explained: “With enough variables and carefully designed queries, we can answer critical questions like: What will help me? What might be harmful? How will a change in my life, whether it be a diet or medication, feel?”

Such personalized insights would not be feasible without the integration of modern AI technologies, he added.

However, Heywood also cautioned against the pitfalls of AI, particularly the “garbage in, garbage out” phenomenon.

He explained that while machine learning can generate valuable insights, it is also susceptible to errors if the underlying data is flawed or misinterpreted.

“Machine learning can correct for seasonality errors in data, but it can also produce spurious correlations that traditional scientific methods might not catch,” he warned.

For instance, he recounted how the UK Biobank data suggested a correlation between vitamin D and aging that contradicted prior knowledge, highlighting the importance of critical oversight in AI-assisted research.

Benn echoed these comments, stressing the necessity of using AI responsibly in the context of personalized medicine.

“Is it possible to do modern medicine effectively without machine learning? I’m not even sure,” he said.

Benn said that the complexities of modern health data — comprising thousands of variables — are beyond the capacity of human intuition alone.

“Humans can intuit some relationships, but we can’t analyze data at that level,” he said.

The discussion also explored the ethical implications and regulatory needs surrounding AI in healthcare.

Benn pointed out the importance of establishing frameworks to ensure that AI tools are validated and certified.

“We need to trust these tools, both from the consumer’s perspective and from researchers,” he said.

He shared concerns raised by researchers who were hesitant to market their AI innovations without a clear certification process and accountability measures in place.

“Unless we know whether there is a certification process and whether we will be held accountable for unintended side effects, we will not market our AI tools.”

As the panel concluded, the conversation highlighted a critical juncture for the scientific community, noting that the integration of AI into research has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of health and disease, but also necessitates careful consideration of ethical and regulatory frameworks.


All Saudis should have access to AI health-monitoring tech, says Prince Khaled bin Alwaleed

Updated 7 min 8 sec ago
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All Saudis should have access to AI health-monitoring tech, says Prince Khaled bin Alwaleed

  • Technology can help extend healthy human lifespan, prince says
  • Government should invest in improving population’s longevity

RIYADH: All Saudis should have access to artificial intelligence technology that monitors their health in real time, Prince Khaled bin Alwaleed told Arab News in an exclusive interview on Wednesday.

“Every Saudi citizen should have a real-time AI-driven health dashboard tracking metabolic markers, predictive disease risks, and lifestyle optimization strategies,” said the founder and CEO of KBW Ventures on the sidelines of the Global Healthspan Summit in Riyadh, which has Arab News as a media partner.

“We can also incentivize longevity-focused R&D. Governments should treat health-tech startups like they treat defense contractors: Fund them, fast-track them, and make breakthroughs happen.”

The prince and investor spoke about the idea of extending the healthy lifespan of the Saudi population, which is a key focus of the two-day summit.

“Aging isn’t the onset of disease; it’s the failure of medicine to treat the root cause. We’ve been conditioned to believe that heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and metabolic disorders are just part of ‘getting older.’ That’s like saying a car breaking down after 100,000 miles is inevitable. It’s not; it’s a mechanical failure due to wear and tear.”

In addition, the financial stress on economies is not from people living longer, the CEO believes, but rather from people living sick longer.

“Healthcare systems are designed to treat disease, not prevent it. We spend trillions on end-stage care instead of investing in tech that keeps people healthy for longer. The longer people stay active, productive, and self-sufficient, the better it is for the economy,” he said.

According to Prince Khaled, a healthy population is not a burden but an economic accelerator.

He continued: “What happens when we add 20 high-performance years to a person’s life instead of 20 years of dependency? We flip healthcare from an expense to an investment.”

The problem, he said, is governments and legacy institutions that treat healthcare as an expense instead of a growth sector.

However, to change this perspective, longevity should be a national priority, as should investing in new technology to extend healthy lifespans, he added.

“The same way governments invest in infrastructure and energy security, we should be funding longevity tech, AI-driven medicine, and regenerative therapies,” Prince Khalid said.

He added: “We need to overhaul preventative healthcare. Move from a ‘treat once sick’ model to a ‘predict and prevent’ model.”

Another idea the CEO raised was leveraging Saudi Arabia as a biotech corridor.

Saudi Arabia could be presented to the world as a global hub for longevity research, “offering regulatory flexibility, AI-powered clinical trials, and public-private partnerships that make biotech innovation move faster,” he said.

A healthier population will drive productivity, innovation, and economic expansion like never before, he added.

Furthermore, the future of health is not exclusively held by hospitals but by algorithms. With advanced technology, Prince Khaled suggested, AI will design personalized longevity plans for every individual by detecting disease before any symptoms appear.

“AI isn’t replacing doctors — it’s making every citizen their own health CEO. We should be running simulations of every human body and predicting health outcomes before they happen. The data exists. We just need AI to make sense of it,” he said.

While the country is developing and advancing with a number of megaprojects, the CEO believes that the government could build the world’s first longevity-first city as well, where AI can play a significant role in optimizing public health, fostering genetic research, and reversing the effects of aging.

“With AI-driven biotech, the Kingdom can lead in regenerative medicine, gene editing, and age-reversal therapies. A 100-year lifespan shouldn’t be a burden — it should be an advantage,” he said.

“The future of Saudi health isn’t about more hospitals and doctors. It’s about AI-driven longevity, proactive medicine, and ensuring every Saudi lives healthier for longer.”

When aging is viewed as an unsolvable problem, it becomes so, Prince Khaled said. However, if it is treated as an engineering challenge, it can be solved.

In a final note, Prince Khaled said: “The countries that prioritize longevity will dominate the global economy.”


Saudi counter-narcotics authority seizes 11 million amphetamine pills in Dammam

Updated 12 sec ago
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Saudi counter-narcotics authority seizes 11 million amphetamine pills in Dammam

  • Smugglers concealed amphetamine pills in a food shipment
  • Authorities discovered it at King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s counter-narcotics authority thwarted on Wednesday an attempt to smuggle eleven million pills of the illegal and dangerous drug amphetamine.

The General Directorate of Narcotics Control, or GDNC, announced the discovery of 11,108,998 amphetamine pills concealed in a food shipment at King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam, located in the Eastern Region.

Two suspects were arrested — a resident of Jordanian nationality and a Saudi citizen — by the GDNC, acting in coordination with the Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority, which controls the security of all land and seaports in the Kingdom.

The street value of the seized amphetamine pills, also known as captagon, ranges between $10 and $25 each. Consequently, the value of the shipment is estimated to be between $111 million and $227 million.

Drug smuggling is a serious crime in Saudi Arabia. It is punishable by up to 15 years in prison, along with 50 lashes and a fine for first-time offenders involved in smuggling, consuming or marketing drugs. However, individuals who repeatedly commit this crime may face the death penalty, according to the GDNC.

Security authorities urged the public to report drug smuggling or selling by calling 911 in Makkah, Riyadh and the Eastern Province, or 999 in other regions.

Reports can also be made to the General Directorate of Narcotics Control at 995 or via email at [email protected]. All information will remain strictly confidential.


Data analytics hold potential to extend healthy human lifespan, say experts

Updated 44 min 46 sec ago
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Data analytics hold potential to extend healthy human lifespan, say experts

  • National-level initiatives highlighted in France and the UK
  • Technology is reshaping understanding of healthy aging

RIYADH: The role of advanced data analytics and longitudinal studies in extending the healthy human lifespan came under the spotlight at a conference in Riyadh on Wednesday.

Expert panelists said that, as aging research evolved, the integration of large-scale data analytics with clinical trials was reshaping the understanding of healthy aging.

The session at the Global Healthspan Summit, of which Arab News is a media partner, highlighted key national-level initiatives such as France’s Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires HealthAge and the UK’s Our Future Health.

Dr. Bruno Vellas, founder of the IHU HealthAge in Toulouse, set the stage by underlining the necessity of improving medical practices to align with innovative research.

“There is a need to change medical practice based on the evidence gathered,” he said, stressing the importance of integrating lifestyle factors into healthcare models.

Vellas noted that while data analytics offered immense benefits, they represented only part of the solution.

“To achieve optimal outcomes, findings must be translated into clinical practice,” he said. 

The panel featured diverse voices including Dr. Raghib Ali, CEO and chief investigator of Our Future Health, who echoed the need for inclusive research practices.

“The focus is to produce evidence that is relevant to diverse populations, particularly those of South Asian and African descent,” he said, highlighting the urgency of addressing health disparities. “It is essential to ensure that the innovations developed are accessible to all, not just those with the highest incomes.”

Dr. Nikole Kimes, co-founder and CEO of Siolta Therapeutics, provided insights into how advanced analytics allowed researchers to move beyond traditional reductionist approaches in medicine.

“What advanced analytics enables is a shift from merely treating symptoms to understanding the complex interactions within biological systems,” she explained.

Emphasizing the importance of longitudinal studies, Kimes said: “These studies allow for an examination of health outcomes before disease symptoms manifest, providing a crucial advantage in preventative care.”

She also pointed to an emerging understanding of microbiome and nutrition in shaping long-term health outcomes. “By exploring these early factors, it is possible to potentially alleviate chronic diseases before they take root,” she said.

Dr. Richard I. Morimoto, a leading researcher from Northwestern University, elaborated on the cellular mechanisms underlying stress responses.

“Stress, often viewed negatively, can actually be protective at the molecular level,” he said, emphasizing the significance of understanding interpersonal variability in stress responses and advocating for personalized healthcare strategies.

“By harnessing large data analyses, it is possible to uncover how different individuals respond to stress and how to protect against disease,” he said.

“The integration of longitudinal studies and big data opens tremendous opportunities for detecting and mitigating health risks.”

He added that understanding cellular mechanisms in diverse populations was essential for tailoring interventions effectively.

However, as the panel discussed the potential of these innovations, they also acknowledged the challenges in translating research into practice.

Vellas pointed out the need for robust frameworks that could effectively incorporate findings into clinical settings. “There is a need to work diligently to avoid negative trial outcomes and ensure that research translates into tangible benefits for populations,” he warned.

The sentiment was echoed by Ali, who stressed the importance of identifying barriers to effective implementation. “It is critical to map out the stages in the journey from lab research to everyday life,” he said, highlighting the role of evidence-based practices in shaping public health interventions.

The discussions also touched on the ethical dimensions of research into extending the healthy human lifespan.

Kimes pointed out the responsibility researchers have in ensuring findings did not worsen health inequality.

“As new interventions are developed, it is vital to remain vigilant about their accessibility and affordability,” she said.

Her view aligned with Ali’s commitment to producing research with a global impact. “It is essential that findings benefit not only the UK but also communities worldwide,” he said.

In closing, the panelists underscored the critical importance of collaboration across disciplines and borders.

As the field of aging research continues to evolve, the insights shared highlighted the transformative potential of advanced data analytics and longitudinal studies. The prioritization of preventative care and research inclusiveness means experts are paving the way for a paradigm shift in the way healthy aging is approached.


Dhahran conference bridges gap between research, innovation

Updated 51 min 38 sec ago
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Dhahran conference bridges gap between research, innovation

  • Btoul Al-Khalil said the student-led initiative aimed to bridge the gap between students and research, because we want research to be for everyone
  • Event, focused on advancing scientific research and its impact, has brought together over 300 participants from Saudi Arabia, Russia, South Korea and North America

DHAHRAN: The Global Students Research Conference, organized by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, is taking place in Dhahran from Feb. 4-6.

Btoul Al-Khalil, executive leader of the conference and a bioengineering major, said the student-led initiative aimed to “bridge the gap between students and research, because we want research to be for everyone.”

The event, focused on advancing scientific research and its impact, has brought together over 300 participants from Saudi Arabia, Russia, South Korea and North America.

It has featured top researchers, industry leaders and students exploring disruptive technologies, with panel discussions, exhibitions and a hackathon to solve real-world problems using creative thinking and teamwork.

Notable speakers have included Prof. Richard Bush from NEOM who discussed “creating sustainable products, economic growth, and lower environmental impact,” and Nasir Shafiq, who delivered a keynote on “disrupting the business landscape.”

Conference speaker Harmeen Mehta said: “What I like about this conference is two things. One, students are passionate enough to want to understand beyond just their academics. Two, they want to know more than what they’ve already learned from their teachers.”

Her role stemmed from a desire to help students bridge the gap between academic learning and real-world applications.

“For corporate individuals like me, this is a bit of paying it forward because in college, you learn a lot but can’t always link it to the practical implications in the real world,” she said.

Mehta added she was impressed by the students, especially one from Algeria who presented a solution for a hip disease that makes traditional hip replacements impractical for young people.

“What I learned from the students is that the youth here have incredibly innovative ideas,” she said.