Egypt, Eritrea, Somalia forge closer ties in volatile Horn

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Isaias Afwerki and Abdel Fattah El-Sisi meet in Asmara, Eritrea, Oct. 10, 2024. (AFP)
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Updated 11 October 2024
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Egypt, Eritrea, Somalia forge closer ties in volatile Horn

  • Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki, Egypt’s Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Hassan Sheikh Mohamud of Somalia meet in Asmara
  • Cairo has also long been at odds with Addis Ababa, particularly over the vast Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile

NAIROBI: The leaders of Egypt, Eritrea and Somalia pledged Thursday to work together on regional security at an unprecedented summit held against a backdrop of heightened tensions in the Horn of Africa.

Concerns about the stability of the volatile area have mounted over the war in Sudan, a controversial deal between Ethiopia and the breakaway Somali region of Somaliland, and the situation in the Red Sea, where Yemen’s Houthis have waged numerous attacks on vessels.

Thursday’s summit in Asmara signalled the forging of a new regional alliance in the Horn, with Ethiopia — Africa’s second-most populous nation — left out in the cold.

Relations have soured dramatically between Ethiopia and neighboring Somalia, which was enraged by the Somaliland maritime deal and has since moved closer to Addis Ababa’s longtime regional rival Cairo.

The three-way summit in Asmara was called by Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and included his Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Hassan Sheikh Mohamud of Somalia.

After their talks, the leaders issued a statement that was posted online by the Eritrean information ministry in which they pledged to bolster three-way ties in a bid to improve regional stability.

They said there needed to be “unequivocal respect for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the countries of the region,” without mentioning any nation by name.

The three also underlined the imperative of “confronting interference in the internal affairs of the countries of the region under any pretext or justification; coordinating joint efforts to achieve regional stability and creating a conducive climate for joint and sustainable development.”

Turning specifically to Somalia, they agreed to deepen three-way cooperation to help the troubled nation “confront various internal and external challenges and to enable the Somali National Federal Army to confront terrorism in all its forms, protect its land and sea borders, and maintain its territorial integrity.”

The three also discussed the crisis in Sudan and the Red Sea, and agreed to set up a tripartite committee of their foreign ministers for “strategic cooperation in all fields.”

It was El-Sisi’s first visit to Asmara — and reportedly the first by an Egyptian president since a stop there by Hosni Mubarak in the early 1990s — although Isaias has visited Egypt before.

Mohamud though has made several trips to Eritrea, one of the most isolated states in the world.

Regional rivalries were laid bare after the January memorandum of understanding which would see Ethiopia, one of the biggest landlocked countries in the world, lease a stretch of coastline from Somaliland for a naval base and port.

Somalia — which like the rest of the world refuses to recognize Somaliland’s 1991 declaration of independence — angrily branded it an assault on its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

In response, Somalia signed a major military deal with Egypt in August, while Cairo pledged troops for a new African Union mission against the Al-Shabab jihadist group.

Cairo has also long been at odds with Addis Ababa, particularly over the vast Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile, which it says threatens its vital water supply.

Relations between Addis Ababa and Asmara have also been deteriorating recently, even though Eritrean troops backed Ethiopian government forces in the brutal 2020-2022 war against Tigrayan rebels.

Analysts say Eritrea was not happy with the peace agreement between Addis Ababa and Asmara’s longstanding enemy the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), and still has troops in parts of Tigray.

Last month Ethiopian Airlines said it was suspending flights to Asmara because of “difficult” operating conditions.

But at a press briefing Thursday, Ethiopian foreign ministry spokesman Nebiat Getachew described the relationship between Addis Ababa and Asmara as “peaceful” and said they enjoyed “good neighborliness and good friendship.”

Dubbed the “North Korea” of Africa, Eritrea formally declared independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after three decades of war and has since been ruled with an iron fist by Isaias.

Subsequent border disputes blew up into a war between 1998 and 2000, but two decades later the two countries reached a rapprochement, which earned Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed the Nobel Peace Prize.


Syria's new rulers name Asaad al-Shibani as foreign minister, state news agency says

Updated 10 sec ago
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Syria's new rulers name Asaad al-Shibani as foreign minister, state news agency says

Syria's new rulers have appointed Asaad Hassan al-Shibani as the country's foreign minister, official Syrian news agency SANA said on Saturday.


US delegation to Syria says Assad’s torture-prison network is far bigger than previously thought

Updated 27 min 30 sec ago
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US delegation to Syria says Assad’s torture-prison network is far bigger than previously thought

  • In first official visit to Syria by US officials in 12 years, team led by secretary of state for near eastern affairs meets the country’s interim leadership
  • As they search for missing Americans, delegates discover the number of regime prisons could be as high as 40, much more than the 10 or 20 they suspected

CHICAGO: There are “many more” regime prisons in Syria than previously believed, a high-level delegation of US diplomats said on Friday as they searched for missing Americans in the country.

In the first official visit to Syria by American officials in 12 years, the delegation met on Friday with members of the country’s interim leadership both to urge the formation of an inclusive government and to locate US citizens who disappeared during the conflict.

Western countries have sought to establish connections with senior figures in the Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham militant group that led the offensive which forced President Bashar Assad from power this month.

Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Barbara Leaf, who led the US delegation, told journalists, including Arab News, that the delegates attended a commemorative event for “the tens of thousands of Syrians and non-Syrians alike who were detained, tortured, forcibly disappeared or are missing, and who brutally perished at the hands of the former regime.”

Among the missing Americans are freelance journalist Austin Tice, who was kidnapped in 2012, and Majid Kamalmaz, a psychotherapist from Texas who disappeared in 2017 and is thought to have died.

Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs Roger Carstens, who is part of the delegation, said the number of prisons in which detainees were tortured and killed by the Assad regime is much higher than suspected.

“We thought there’d be maybe 10 or 20,” he said. “It’s probably more like 40; it might even be more. They’re in little clusters at times. Sometimes they’re in the far outreaches of Damascus.

“Over 12 years, we’ve been able to pinpoint about six facilities that we believe have a high possibility of having had Austin Tice at one point or another. Now, over the last probably 11 or 12 days, we’ve received additional information based on the changing conditions, which leads us to add maybe one or two or three more facilities to that initial number of six.”

Carstens said the US has limited resources available in Syria and will focus on six of the prisons in an attempt to determine Tice’s fate. But he said the search would eventually expand to cover all 40 prison locations.

“We’re going to be like bulldogs on this,” he said. “We’re not going to stop until we find the information that we need to conclude what has happened to Austin, where he is, and to return him home to his family.”

He said the FBI cannot be present on the ground in Syria for an extended period of time to search for missing Americans “right now,” but suggested this might change in the future. Meanwhile, the US continues to work with “partners,” including nongovernmental organizations and the news media in Syria, he added.

Leaf confirmed the delegation met Ahmad Al-Sharaa, the commander of Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham, an Islamist group that was once aligned with Al-Qaeda and is still designated as a terrorist organization by Washington. She said she told Al-Sharaa the US would not pursue the $10 million reward for his capture, and hoped the group will be able to help locate Tice and other missing Americans.

The delegation received “positive messages” from the Syrian representatives they met during their short visit, Leaf said. America is committed to helping the Syrian people overcome “over five decades of the most horrifying repression,” she added.

“We will be looking for progress on these principles and actions, not just words,” she said. “I also communicated the importance of inclusion and broad consultation during this time of transition.

“We fully support a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process that results in an inclusive and representative government which respects the rights of all Syrians, including women and Syria's diverse ethnic and religious communities.”

Leaf said the US would be able to help with humanitarian assistance and work with Syrians to “seize this historic opportunity.”

She added: “We also discussed the critical need to ensure terrorist groups cannot pose a threat inside of Syria or externally, including to the US and our partners in the region. Ahmad Al-Sharaa committed to this.”

Bringing Assad to justice for his crimes, particularly those carried out during the civil war, which started in 2011, remains a priority for the US government, Leaf said.

“Syrians desperately want that,” she added.

She called on the international community to offer technical expertise and other support to help document Assad’s crimes, including evidence from the graves and mass graves that have been uncovered since his downfall on Dec. 8.


UAE sends 3,000 tonnes of aid on ship bound for Lebanon

Updated 21 December 2024
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UAE sends 3,000 tonnes of aid on ship bound for Lebanon

DUBAI: The UAE on Friday dispatched a second aid ship carrying 3,000 tonnes of relief materials to Lebanon.  
The ship departed Port of Jebel Ali, bound for the Port of Beirut, as part of the “UAE Stands with Lebanon” initiative which started in October. 
It carries a wide range of essential aid supplies, such as food, winter clothing and items specifically designed for children and women, state-run WAM reported. 
The statement noted that this was the second UAE relief aid ship to carry various relief supplies from UAE donor agencies, humanitarian institutions to Lebanon, noting that the ship was expected to arrive by the end of this month.
The UAE has consistently reaffirmed its unwavering position towards the unity of Lebanon and its national sovereignty since the Israeli escalation in southern Lebanon.
In October, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed directed the delivery of an urgent $100 million relief package to help the people of Lebanon.


16 injured after Israel hit by Yemen-launched ‘projectile’

Updated 21 December 2024
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16 injured after Israel hit by Yemen-launched ‘projectile’

  • According to Israeli media, the projectile fell in the town of Bnei Brak, east of Tel Aviv
  • Yemen’s Houthis claim missile attack on central Israel

JERUSALEM: Israel’s military said Saturday it had failed to intercept a “projectile” launched from Yemen that landed near Tel Aviv, with the national medical service saying 14 people were lightly wounded.

“Following the sirens that sounded a short while ago in central Israel, one projectile launched from Yemen was identified and unsuccessful interception attempts were made,” the Israeli military said on its Telegram channel.

Yemen’s Houthi rebels claimed responsibility for the missile attack in central Israel on Saturday, in a statement the Houthis said they had “targeted a military target of the Israeli enemy in the occupied area of” Tel Aviv using a ballistic missile. Israeli rescuers earlier reported 16 wounded in the attack.

Yemen’s Iranian-backed Houthi rebels have repeatedly launched missile attacks against Israel since the war in Gaza began more than a year ago, most of which have been intercepted.

In return, Israel has struck multiple targets in Yemen — including ports and energy facilities in areas controlled by the Houthis.

“A short time ago, reports were received of a weapon falling in one of the settlements within the Tel Aviv district,” Israeli police said Saturday.

According to Israeli media, the projectile fell in the town of Bnei Brak, east of Tel Aviv.

Israel’s emergency medical service said 14 people had been injured.

“Additional teams are treating several people on-site who were injured while heading to protected areas, as well as those suffering from anxiety,” a spokesman said.

The Houthi rebels say they are acting in solidarity with Palestinians and last week pledged to continue operations “until the aggression on Gaza stops and the siege is lifted.”

On December 9, a drone claimed by Houthis exploded on the top floor of a residential building in the central Israel city of Yavne, causing no casualties.

In July, a Houthi drone attack in Tel Aviv killed an Israeli civilian, prompting retaliatory strikes on the Yemeni port of Hodeidah.

The Houthis have also regularly targeted shipping in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, leading to retaliatory strikes on Houthi targets by US and sometimes British forces.

The rebels said Thursday that Israeli air strikes that day killed nine people, after the group fired a missile toward Israel, badly damaging a school.

While Israel has previously hit targets in Yemen, Thursday’s were the first against the rebel-held capital Sanaa.

“The Israeli enemy targeted ports in Hodeida and power stations in Sanaa, and the Israeli aggression resulted in the martyrdom of nine civilian martyrs,” rebel leader Abdul Malik Al-Houthi said in a lengthy speech broadcast by the rebels’ Al-Masira TV.

Israel said it struck the targets in Yemen after intercepting a missile fired from the country, a strike the rebels subsequently claimed.

Houthi spokesman Yahya Saree said they had fired ballistic missiles at “two specific and sensitive military targets... in the occupied Yaffa area,” referring to the Jaffa region near Tel Aviv.


Amnesty slams Hezbollah for unguided rocket fire at Israeli towns

Updated 21 December 2024
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Amnesty slams Hezbollah for unguided rocket fire at Israeli towns

  • Amnesty already released the findings of its investigation into Israeli actions during the war
  • A fragile ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah took effect on November 27

BEIRUT: Human rights group Amnesty International on Friday condemned Lebanese militant group Hezbollah for firing salvos of unguided rockets at civilian areas of Israel during the latest conflict.
“Hezbollah’s reckless use of unguided rocket salvos has killed and wounded civilians, and destroyed and damaged civilian homes in Israel,” said Amnesty’s Secretary General Agnes Callamard.
“The use of these inherently inaccurate weapons in or near populated civilian areas amounts to prima facie violations of international humanitarian law,” she said.
“Direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects and indiscriminate attacks that kill and injure civilians must be investigated as war crimes.”
Amnesty said it had documented three Hezbollah rocket attacks on Israeli towns and cities that killed eight civilians and wounded at least 16 others following the escalation of the conflict in late September.
In footage of the attacks, it said it had identified the use of unguided multiple launch rocket systems that violate the bedrock principle of distinction under international humanitarian law.
At the time, Hezbollah announced a series of rocket barrages targeting Israeli population centers in response to Israeli air strikes on Lebanese towns and villages.
Amnesty already released the findings of its investigation into Israeli actions during the war.
It said it had documented unlawful Israeli air strikes that killed 49 civilians, which must be investigated as war crimes.
A fragile ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah took effect on November 27.
Despite the truce, Israeli air strikes have killed more than 20 people in Lebanon since November 27, according to an AFP tally based on health ministry figures.
Both Israel and Hezbollah accuse each other of repeatedly violating the ceasefire.
Since Hezbollah first started trading cross-border fire with the Israeli army in October 2023, the war has killed more than 4,000 people in Lebanon, according to health ministry figures.
On the Israeli side, the conflict has killed 30 soldiers and 47 civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official figures.