Saudi schools in the 1970s: Science, math and moderation

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Saudi students reap the benefits of institutions specializing in technical and administrative studies, below left.
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Saudi students reap the benefits of institutions specializing in technical and administrative studies, below left.
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Updated 23 September 2019
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Saudi schools in the 1970s: Science, math and moderation

  • Many Saudis recall the 1970s as ‘the good old days,’ a time when education for both girls and boys was expanding
  • The curriculum encouraged tolerance and moderation, especially on Islamic topics, a retired principal recalls

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia may have embarked on an ambitious program of social and religious modernization, but in many ways the reforms hark back to the 1960s and 1970s — an era when people were culturally conservative, but also tolerant of different religions and cultures. Despite the traditional nature of Saudi society at that time, the country was progressing and evolving smoothly in line with much of the world.
However, a series of events in the 1970s brought progress in the Kingdom to a halt, with major social changes threatening tolerance and a moderate religious stance, and even overturning core teachings in schools and higher learning institutions.
The Iranian revolution in February 1979 and subsequent establishment of a hard-line Islamic government in Tehran, as well as militant Juhayman Al-Otaibi’s failed uprising against the Saudi government in November that year, were key factors in the change.
Rising conservative sentiment in the region and fears of further unrest in the Kingdom had a dramatic effect on Saudi society, especially on women and education, as Amani Hamdan, an associate professor at Al-Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, in Dammam, outlined in a 2005 study, “Women and Education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Achievements.”
Saudi Arabia was “a complex society eager to discover and enjoy the fruits of advancement, but at the same time determined to preserve its religious and cultural traditions,” she wrote.
“The balance between the two has been difficult to maintain, especially with regards to women’s professional space.”
Education for girls was introduced six decades after it began for boys. In the 1960s, King Faisal and his wife Princess Effat encouraged female education and women’s right to achieve their goals. Yet King Faisal struggled initially to convince conservative elements in society which opposed women’s education.
Fayga Redwan, a retired school principal, recalls teaching in the 1960s and 1970s, and said that the school curriculum encouraged tolerance and moderation, especially on Islamic topics.
“General subjects such as math, science and social studies were taught by foreign teachers from Syria, Palestine, Iraq and Egypt along with Islamic subjects such as Qur’an, fiqh (jurisprudence) and hadith (collections of the Prophet’s sayings),” she told Arab News.
“They were lenient in the sense that lessons were intended to offer a better understanding of our religion and the way it could enhance our lives. Teachers were never overbearing and didn’t veer off-track to apply their beliefs (if they were ultra-conservative).”
“We weren’t forced to memorize hundreds of the Prophet’s sayings. Instead, we were expected to comprehend the messages. Comprehension was a key factor in all our subjects, but that changed in later years when curriculums were reformed,” she said.
However, the growing influence of ultra-conservative clerics on daily life was quickly felt in schools, where religion became the main focus, dominating the education system at the expense of other subjects. Science, math and language teachers became religious preachers in their own classrooms.
The school system was divided along gender lines with the General Presidency for Girls’ Education heavily influenced by conservative religious scholars, and the Ministry of Education for boys focusing on science subjects.
This was to ensure that women’s education did not deviate from its original purpose “of making women good wives and mothers, and preparing them for ‘acceptable’ jobs such as teaching and nursing,” Hamdan wrote.
Meanwhile, teachers began intimidating young female students, using fear to warn them of the consequences of failing to perform religious rituals.
“Girls’ schools were surrounded by high walls and security screens. Each school, college or university was assigned at least two men, usually in their 50s or 60s, who were responsible for checking the identity of those who entered the school, and generally watched over the girls inside the school until they were picked up by their fathers or brothers,” she said.
Former student Reema Alwshaiqer said that she had been a victim of this fear. “My religion teacher used to tell stories about hell and torture, telling us that if we didn’t cover our hands with gloves and our feet with socks when we went out, we would burn in hell from our toes to our heads,” she said.
By contrast, in the 1970s, many private boys’ schools had language classes, physical education, swimming, football, tennis, music and theater, while private girls’ schools also offered physical education, and French and English language classes.
Families in the 1960s and 1970s understood the importance of education and sent their daughters to school despite criticism from religious clerics.
Manal Al-Harbi, a former high school teacher, said: “The school system was different from one city to another. I experienced first grade in Riyadh, where wearing a hijab was mandatory for older students. I was so afraid of the 50-year-old guard who told older students to cover their hair that I started to wear a hijab even inside the school.”
Al-Harbi later attended elementary school in Madinah and loved her school uniform. “Students used to wear a light gray two-piece uniform, pants and a long top with a belt. It was so comfortable. However, intermediate and secondary students used to wear long dresses with sleeves.” “Most of the teachers were Saudi, but we also had foreign teachers, mainly from Egypt, Syria and Iraq,” she added. During the 1970s there were no women’s universities in Madinah. “Most girls used to enrol in King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah and stay in the female dorms. The university used to entertain the girls who lived on campus by taking them to the beach with their female friends, professors and supervisors.”
Saudi graduates could also enrol in local universities or apply for government scholarships abroad, mainly to the US, which had more than 11,000 Saudi scholarship students at one time.
Many Saudis today look back on the 1970s as “the good old days.” Boys had more options when choosing college majors, and more job opportunities in both the private and public sectors.
Saud Al-Shalhoub, former general assistant auditor at the Saudi Electricity Company, told Arab News that teaching standards at Saudi universities at that time were advanced.
“I graduated from King Saud University, which was called Riyadh University, with a double major in accounting and business management. When I decided to pursue my master’s degree, a lot of universities that I applied for abroad waived many courses, and I completed my master’s within a year.” After graduating, Al-Shalhoub found many job opportunities in Saudi Arabia. “That would be difficult nowadays,” he said.


Thrift stores in Saudi Arabia: A rising trend with surprising costs

Updated 02 November 2024
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Thrift stores in Saudi Arabia: A rising trend with surprising costs

RIYADH: Thrift shopping, long associated with affordable and unique finds, has taken Saudi Arabia by storm.

But what is catching the attention of fashion-conscious Saudis is not just the idea of sustainable fashion, but also the rising price tags attached to these second-hand gems.

While thrift stores globally offer a budget-friendly alternative to fast fashion, in Saudi Arabia, this trend comes with a twist: Items, though pre-loved, can be surprisingly expensive.

As sustainable fashion becomes more mainstream, the appeal of thrift shopping has transcended its traditional boundaries. Saudis now seek out vintage treasures and one-of-a-kind fashion pieces, even if it means paying a premium.

One of the key players in this evolving market is Darah, a textile recycling startup founded by Rawan Al-Deraibi.

Al-Deraibi explained how Darah differentiates itself from traditional recycling methods: “At Darah, we’re redefining textile recycling by transforming discarded clothes into new, exciting creations.

“Unlike traditional methods that focus solely on material recovery, we give textiles a second life as ‘flipped’ fashion items, unique home decor pieces and much more. Our approach emphasizes creativity and sustainability, turning waste into functional and stylish products that tell a story.”

While thrift stores globally offer a budget-friendly alternative to fast fashion, in Saudi Arabia, this trend comes with a twist: Items, though pre-loved, can be surprisingly expensive. (Source: @thriftanthrivee)

Winning a prestigious innovation award has propelled Darah to the forefront of sustainable fashion in Saudi Arabia, but for Al-Deraibi it is clear that this is only the beginning: “Our vision is to expand our presence in the fashion scene by deepening our collaborations with like-minded designers, sustainable brands and forward-thinking businesses. We’re excited to explore partnerships that push boundaries — whether through joint collections, upcycling workshops, or innovative fashion events that bring attention to the importance of circular fashion.”

For more information, follow Darah on Instagram: @darah.thrift.

On the other side of the spectrum is Thrift and Thrive, a small thrift store started by two friends, Norah and her partner, Alanoud Khaled, who share a passion for sustainable shopping. What makes their store unique is the personal touch they add to each item they sell.

“We’re two girls. We have different personalities and tastes, so, because of that, we had a variety of items — some vintage and some new,” said Norah.

Thrift and Thrive carefully curates its collection to maintain a balance between vintage treasures and modern trends, all while keeping sustainability at the heart of its business. “We listen to what our customers want and try to source what they want.”

Despite the growing trend of thrift shopping in Saudi Arabia, Norah was initially uncertain about how it would be received. “We decided to open a thrift shop knowing there’s almost no thrift site in Saudi: That’s what made us so excited to open one. We saw how people in Saudi felt open and comfortable about the thrifting concept.”

Thrift and Thrive’s popularity has continued to grow, fueled by the increasing interest in sustainable fashion and Norah’s commitment to expanding its impact. “With the rise of sustainability, we focus to grow Thrift and Thrive by inspiring people to embrace eco-friendly fashion. We want to reach more people who love this style and help the community thrive.”

Follow Thrift and Thrive on Instagram: @thriftanthrivee.

The public’s response to thrift shopping in Saudi Arabia reflects this growing trend, but not all experiences have been positive. While some shoppers are thrilled by the unique items they find, others have expressed concerns about the pricing.

Mohanned Saqar found that the prices he encountered in Saudi Arabia were much higher compared to his experiences abroad: “Thrifting is supposed to be cheap, but the prices here are very high, especially considering these are used items. Outside of Saudi Arabia, I’ve found great thrifted pieces at much lower prices. It just doesn’t make sense to pay so much for something that’s pre-owned.”

Nadia Yassin, another passionate thrift shopper, sees thrift shopping as both a creative and economic choice: “The idea that you find a unique piece with a story shared by the person who owned it before is fascinating. Then, matching it with a whole outfit adds to the experience.

“On the other hand, it helps reduce consumption by re-wearing items that are already made. The creative part in restyling the piece is what I find most exciting. Economically, I think it’s a more suitable option than buying new.

“Half of my wardrobe is thrifted, and when people ask about my outfit, I tell them I bought it for a certain amount and that it’s thrifted. A few people around me have been influenced and joined me, making it one of the most enjoyable experiences.”

For Sara Al-Ansari, thrifting is a chance to save money while finding one-of-a-kind items.

“Personally, thrift stores do really offer a unique experience,” she said. “Each piece of clothing carries a story, a history of the person who owned it before.

“When I thrift, I’m not just getting a low price, I’m connecting with those past lives and experiences. It’s like a tangible link to different times and places, allowing me to appreciate the individuality of each item. Plus, there’s something special about giving these clothes a new life, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.”

For those looking for more budget-friendly thrift options, Haraj remains a popular choice. Haraj markets sell everything you could ever think of, mostly used items ranging from furniture to clothing and electronics, often at prices significantly lower than in formal stores. Haraj Bin Qasim in Riyadh operates on a similar model, offering used goods at affordable prices, making it a haven for bargain hunters.

As more Saudis begin to appreciate the environmental and personal value of thrift shopping, the trend is expected to continue growing.

For those eager to explore this growing trend, @saudi.thrift is hosting an event in November 2024, where thrifting enthusiasts can gather and share in this sustainable fashion movement.

For now, thrift stores like Darah and Thrift and Thrive are not only thriving, but also helping to shape a new retail landscape — one where sustainability meets style, and where every item has a story waiting to be rediscovered.


Saudi Arabia condemns flare-up of violence in Sudan

Updated 02 November 2024
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Saudi Arabia condemns flare-up of violence in Sudan

  • Continued escalation of fighting in Sudan has impacted women and children

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia has condemned on Saturday the recent flare-up of violence in the eastern side of Sudan’s Al Jazeera State, which caused deaths among civilians.

The foreign ministry, in a statement, expressed the Kingdom’s concern over the continued escalation of fighting in Sudan that has impacted women and children, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

Saudi Arabia “condemns the recent [violence] in the eastern part of Al-Jazeera State, which resulted in a number of deaths and injuries among civilians, as this constitutes a violation of international law and the principle of protecting civilians.”

The Kingdom has also “urged the warring parties to ceasefire, end the conflict and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to those affected. The Kingdom reaffirms its position in supporting the stability and unity of Sudan.”

Sudan plunged into conflict in mid-April 2023, when long-simmering tensions between its military and paramilitary leaders broke out in the capital Khartoum and spread to other regions including western Darfur.

The war has killed more than 24,000 people so far, according to Armed Conflict Location and Event Data, a group monitoring the conflict since it started.

Britain, which assumed the presidency on Friday of the Security Council for November, said the 15-member body would meet in Sudan on Nov. 12 to discuss “scaling up aid delivery and ensuring greater protection of civilians by all sides.”

“We will be shortly introducing a draft Security Council resolution ... to drive forward progress on this,” Britain’s UN Ambassador Barbara Woodward told a press conference.

She said the draft would focus on “developing a compliance mechanism for the warring parties’ commitments they made on the protection of civilians in Jeddah over a year ago in 2023 and ways to support mediation efforts to deliver a ceasefire, even if we start local ceasefires before moving to a national one.”

A resolution needs at least 9 votes in favor and no vetoes by the US, France, Britain, Russia or China to be adopted.

The move comes as a three-month approval given by Sudanese authorities for the UN and aid groups to use the Adre border crossing with Chad to reach Darfur with humanitarian assistance is due to expire in mid-November.

With agencies


Sports Boulevard Masterplan earns ActiveScore recognition

Updated 02 November 2024
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Sports Boulevard Masterplan earns ActiveScore recognition

RIYADH: The Sports Boulevard Foundation has received best-in-class recognition from active travel accreditation ActiveScore — awarded Platinum Communities Certification for the Sports Boulevard Masterplan and Platinum Certification for the Global Sports Tower.

The Sports Boulevard project will help revolutionize urban planning in Riyadh. 

It features more than 4.4 million square meters of green and open spaces, along with up to 50 multi-disciplinary sports facilities and integrated infrastructure. This project is dedicated to enhancing the city’s quality of life for residents and visitors, with features such as pathways, cycling tracks, and horse-riding trails.

The Global Sports Tower, the tallest sports tower in the world, is a key landmark of the project. It will feature more than 30 sports facilities, including the world’s tallest indoor climbing wall, at 98 meters.
 


Four falcons net almost $74,000 in Saudi club’s auction

Updated 02 November 2024
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Four falcons net almost $74,000 in Saudi club’s auction

  • Evening’s highest bid went to a Shaheen fledgling known as “Trah Amlaj Al-Hassi,” selling for SR79,000
  • Auction runs until Nov. 15, showcasing the club’s comprehensive support for the falconry community

RIYADH: The Saudi Falcon Club’s 2024 auction saw four prestigious birds change hands for a combined SR277,000 ($73,756) during its 13th night at the Malham headquarters north of Riyadh.

The evening’s highest bid went to a Shaheen fledgling known as “Trah Amlaj Al-Hassi,” owned by falconers Younis and Abdulrahman Al-Jahni, selling for SR79,000. Close behind was another Shaheen fledgling, “Trah Farasan,” from owners Ali Suhail and Ahmad Al-Aqili, which fetched SR77,000.

A third Shaheen, “Trah Dhulm,” owned by falconers Nader, Saud, and Fahad Al-Otaibi, commanded SR71,000, while “Trah Al-Sawarima,” a fledgling from Jazan region, rounded out the night’s sales at SR50,000.

The auction, which runs until Nov. 15, showcases the club’s comprehensive support for the falconry community. Regional teams across the Kingdom facilitate participation by providing accommodation and transportation for falcon owners, known as tawarih, to the auction venue.

Each sale is broadcast live on television and social media platforms, allowing enthusiasts nationwide to witness these historic transactions, featuring competitive bidding in a fast-paced environment.
 

 

 


80-year-old Saudi tour guide welcomes foreign visitors to Najran with English tours

Updated 02 November 2024
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80-year-old Saudi tour guide welcomes foreign visitors to Najran with English tours

  • Europeans are drawn to the region because of its cultural significance, he says

MAKKAH: Clips of 80-year-old Saudi citizen Saeed bin Saleh have gone viral on social media, showing him fluently conversing in English with European tourists in the Najran region of southern Saudi Arabia.

Bin Saleh’s life has been a remarkable journey. Early on, he moved to the Eastern Province in search of work, driven by the need to support his mother after losing his father at a young age.

In Dhahran, he worked alongside Americans and Europeans, which marked a turning point in his life. This experience not only improved his living conditions but also allowed him to master English.

He told Arab News that he has developed a strong and enduring connection with Western tourists who regularly visit Najran. They praise the area for its rich history, abundant with ancient artifacts and remnants of past civilizations, including the renowned Al-Okhdood site and relics from the Paleolithic era, which date back thousands of years.

He noted that the tourists he speaks with are often impressed by his fluent English, particularly considering that he is over 80 years old, and admire the detailed answers they receive to their historical inquiries.

Their questions often center around significant sites like the Al-Okhdood ruins, the Hima wells, the unique rock formations, and the region’s wealth of archaeological inscriptions, Bin Saleh said.

Reflecting on his early experience with the English language, Bin Saleh explained that he left Najran as a young man in search of work in the Eastern Province, particularly in Dhahran.

After losing his father, he took on the responsibility of supporting his mother, determined to improve their situation. Bin Saleh eventually crossed paths with an American who offered him a job assisting with preparations on the golf courses that were popular in Dhahran at that time.

His close interaction with the American gave him the opportunity to learn English at a young age, which led to a 30-year career in the Eastern Province.

During this time, he worked with several companies, including Aramco and American Airlines, before transitioning to Indian Airlines, which further helped him refine his language skills.

After many years, he decided to return to Najran, where he continued his career with the Ministry of Health as an ambulance driver. Upon retiring, he chose to dedicate his time to being close to his children and grandchildren.

Bin Saleh explained that Europeans are drawn to Najran because of its deep historical and cultural significance. They are particularly captivated by the Arabic inscriptions in Kufic script from the early Islamic period and the ancient South Arabian Musnad script.

Najran is also renowned for its bustling heritage markets, where traditional crafts such as daggers, or jambiyas, and historically significant mosques built from stone and clay can be found. In addition to its rich Islamic history, the region is home to numerous monuments from the ancient civilizations of southern Arabia.

He said that, at his age, he is no longer a full-time tour guide but is always eager to help visitors and those interested in the heritage of the region.

Najran, a key stop on the ancient caravan routes connecting the southern and northern Arabian Peninsula, is renowned for its remarkable rock carvings, including depictions of hunting and grazing scenes and human figures, alongside inscriptions in Thamudic, Musnad, and Kufic scripts — some dating to 7,000 B.C.

Bin Saleh said that Najran has gained significant attention in the eyes of visitors, particularly following the inclusion of the Hima Cultural Area on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Ongoing archaeological discoveries, led by Saudi and international teams, continue to unveil the region’s rich historical legacy.

Bin Saleh urges Saudi youth interested in becoming tour guides to immerse themselves in the region’s history, while also mastering English.

He stressed the importance of representing the true beauty of Saudi Arabia and showcasing the country’s cultural and archaeological treasures, which make it a unique and historically vibrant destination.