Saudi Heritage Commission reveals findings of research into ancient mustatil sites in Hail

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The Heritage Commission has revealed a number of discoveries related to long-term research into mustatils. (AN Photo/Jaafer Sadiq Alsaleh)
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Updated 19 September 2024
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Saudi Heritage Commission reveals findings of research into ancient mustatil sites in Hail

  • The aim of the research was to investigate and catalog the massive stone structures in northern Saudi Arabia and the purposes for which they were built
  • The study is part of a larger Green Arabia project exploring the history of human expansion in the Arabian Peninsula during the Paleolithic period

RIYADH: The Saudi Heritage Commission has revealed a number of discoveries related to long-term research into ancient, monumental, rectangular, stone-walled structures in the Kingdom known as mustatils.

The study is part of a larger Green Arabia project exploring the history of human expansion in the Arabian Peninsula during the Paleolithic period.

“We have been working on this Green Arabia Project for about 15 years now, in full collaboration and partnership with our Saudi colleagues, especially from the Heritage Commission, Ministry of Culture, and King Saud University,” said Michael Petraglia, a professor and the director of the Australian Research Center for Human Evolution.

“We have been conducting consistent fieldwork in Saudi Arabia, uncovering archaeological sites that date back as far as 500,000 years (through) to the historic present.”

The study of the mustatils involved rigorous spatial analysis of 169 structures in the southern and western margins of the Nefud Desert in Hail Province.

“One of the major findings of our project is that the environments of Saudi Arabia have changed significantly over time,” Petraglia said.

“We know that the Saudi Arabia we see today is arid, with vast deserts, but it wasn’t always that way. There were periods in the past when Arabia was much greener, which is why we call it the Green Arabia Project.”

During this historical period there was considerably more rainfall, as a result of which there was an abundance of lakes and rivers.

“Those lakes and rivers provided fresh water, supporting hunter-gatherer communities and attracting a diverse array of wildlife,” Petraglia said.

“In the past, we had a lush landscape of savannas and grasslands, inhabited by hunter-gatherers and various animal species. In fact, some of our older archaeological sites even contain remains of hippos and elephants. That’s how green it was back then.”

The aim of the research, the findings of which were published in the scientific journal Holocene, was to investigate and catalog the mustatils in northern Saudi Arabia and explore the purposes for which they were built, and to shed light on the factors that influenced the development of Neolithic settlements in the northwestern Arabian Peninsula.

Researchers documented 169 mustatils, studying their shapes, sizes and locations, in an area covering 44,000 square kilometers, using satellite imaging and field visits that included excavation work.

The experts said the work has provided vital insights into the cultural beliefs, ideas, customs and traditions of the people who lived in the area during the Neolithic period, between 10,000 and 2000 B.C., including significant information about economic, social and religious aspects of their lives.

Their findings suggest the large structures, found on the outskirts of the Nefud Desert on hilltops at elevations of up to 950 meters above sea level, were built over a relatively short period of about 1,200 years, between 5400 and 4200 B.C.

The mustatils therefore offered expansive views of the surrounding landscape, suggesting that the choice of locations was deliberate, and in particular based on proximity to water sources and raw materials.

Excavations at the sites revealed animal remains, including the horns and bones of cattle, gazelle and goats, which are thought to have been offered as sacrifices to deities.

During an event on Wednesday to reveal the results of the research, the CEO of the Saudi Heritage Commission, Jasser Suleiman Al-Harbash, highlighted the role of archaeology in uncovering and understanding ancient societies, as well as advancements that have been made in this field under the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 plan for national development and diversification.

The research was carried out by the Saudi Heritage Commission in collaboration with local and international institutions including the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, the University of Tubingen and the University of Cologne, all in Germany, King's College London, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, King Saud University, Griffith University and the University of Queensland in Australia, the Smithsonian Institution in the US, and the University of Malta.


Jeddah’s Islamic Arts Biennale celebrates Ramadan with Biennale Nights

Updated 15 March 2025
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Jeddah’s Islamic Arts Biennale celebrates Ramadan with Biennale Nights

  • Held at the Western Hajj Terminal at King Abdulaziz Airport, the event offers visitors a cultural and spiritual experience

JEDDAH: The Diriyah Biennale Foundation has unveiled Biennale Nights, a special Ramadan program at the Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah.

Held at the Western Hajj Terminal at King Abdulaziz International Airport, the event runs until May 25, offering visitors a cultural and spiritual experience that celebrates the holy month while showcasing Saudi Arabia’s rich Islamic heritage.

Under the warm glow of Ramadan nights, visitors at the Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah come together to celebrate faith, art, and tradition. (Supplied)

During Ramadan, visitors can take part in workshops featuring Arabic calligraphy and traditional craftsmanship, as well as interactive experiences exploring the artistic expressions associated with the holy month.

Sharing his experience, Ahmed Ramadan told Arab News: “This was my first time visiting the Islamic Arts Biennale, but I had planned to go for a while. When they announced the Ramadan events, I got even more excited. I feel that there is a strong connection between Ramadan activities and Islamic arts. I came with a group of friends, and we found many activities that suited young people.”

HIGHLIGHTS

• Guests can explore an array of international cuisines, indulge in specialty delicacies like dates, honey and chocolates, and enjoy traditional beverages such as Karak and Arabic coffee.

• The market also features henna art, storytelling sessions for children and game wagons, creating an engaging atmosphere for families.

He added: “We played some group games, enjoyed a variety of food, including traditional Saudi dishes and Ramadan sweets popular in the western region. Honestly, it was a wonderful experience.

The Islamic Arts Biennale serves as a global platform for dialogue and exploration of Islamic arts. (Supplied)

“The timing, in the middle of Ramadan, was ideal, after the initial days of the month, which are usually packed with family gatherings and invitations. It was a great opportunity for my friends and me to come together in such a unique place.”

Running from March 6-15, the Ramadan Market welcomes visitors daily from 8 p.m. to 2:00 a.m., offering a vibrant mix of activities and attractions.

Under the warm glow of Ramadan nights, visitors at the Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah come together to celebrate faith, art, and tradition. (Supplied)

Guests can explore an array of international cuisines, indulge in specialty delicacies like dates, honey and chocolates, and enjoy traditional beverages such as Karak and Arabic coffee.

The market also features henna art, storytelling sessions for children and game wagons, creating an engaging atmosphere for families.

Under the warm glow of Ramadan nights, visitors at the Islamic Arts Biennale in Jeddah come together to celebrate faith, art, and tradition. (Supplied)

Adding to the festive spirit, live music and cultural performances take place, while visitors can find unique Ramadan-themed gifts at the Biennale Design Store.

For many, the Ramadan Market has been a memorable experience.

Walaa Ali, a visitor from Jeddah, said: “The venue offered a diverse range of activities specifically designed for the holy month of Ramadan. What made these activities special was how well they aligned with the spirit of the month, covering various disciplines and formats — some were workshops, others were entertainment spaces and some featured food.”

Rowa Haddad from Makkah said: “I found it to be the perfect place to visit with my family. The venue offers a variety of activities that cater to all family members, and what makes it even more special is the spiritual Islamic theme that fits both the location and the essence of this holy month. That’s why visiting this place was an excellent choice for us.”

In partnership with the Red Sea Film Foundation, the biennale also presents a curated selection of film screenings, delving into themes of resilience, faith and identity from across the Islamic world.

These experiences offer visitors a meaningful way to engage with art, culture and heritage, blending traditional Islamic aesthetics with contemporary artistic expression.

The Ramadan Market offers iftar and suhoor options, including curated iftar menus for pre-booked gatherings featuring dishes inspired by Saudi and Middle Eastern cuisines.

The Islamic Arts Biennale serves as a global platform for dialogue and exploration of Islamic arts. It is held at the Western Hajj Terminal in Jeddah, an award-winning architectural site that has long served as a gateway for pilgrims traveling to Makkah and Madinah.

The first biennale welcomed more than 600,000 visitors, and the second expands on this success with an even richer program.

The Ramadan events are open to all biennale visitors. Registration is available through the official website at biennale.org.sa.

 


Saudi artist Lulua Alyahya discusses the works from her current solo show ‘Nafs’ 

Updated 14 March 2025
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Saudi artist Lulua Alyahya discusses the works from her current solo show ‘Nafs’ 

  • ‘I hope people see themselves in my work,’ says Lulua Alyahya 

JEDDAH: Saudi artist Lulua Alyahya’s “Nafs,” running at Jeddah’s Athr Gallery until March 25, is her first solo show in her homeland.  

“The title means ‘self,’” Alyahya tells Arab News. “I thought that would be suitable for my first Saudi solo. I’ve exhibited loads in the UK, but the work takes on a completely different meaning when it’s home. The work is very much about the Gulf in general, but specifically Saudi in a lot of ways.” 

The 26-year-old is a graduate of the Slade School of Fine Art and Goldsmiths, University of London. Her work blends personal and collective narratives to explore identity through introspective, minimalist paintings.   

Alyahya’s process is intuitive. Her latest works, primed with black gesso, embrace darker tones and undefined backgrounds. Here, she talks us through five pieces from her current show — something she says she doesn’t find that easy.  

“It’s kind of hard to speak about my work because what I hope is that people see it and see themselves in it. That’s kind of the story behind the title too. I wanted a word that people could literally see themselves in and for that to be the underscore behind all the images.” 

‘Jubbah Petroglyphs’ 

I made this painting in 2023. At the time, I was really fascinated by pre-Islamic petroglyphs in various parts of Saudi Arabia. This one is from Jubbah, near Hail. My family is originally from Hail and when Saudi started to take all these incredible initiatives of uncovering our pre-Islamic history and integrating those stories into our national identity, I just got super interested in looking through, like, Aramco’s archaeology archives and all these different things. I spoke to friends and family about their experiences of these places. I really wanted to make a painting of this specific rock where there are these repeated carvings of camels; I’m interested in camels as a symbol as well, because they’re obviously visually linked to this part of the world. If you go to a tourist shop in the Gulf, you get camel keychains and stuff. I don’t know if ‘kitsch’ is the right word — probably not — but it’s just feels very obvious; it’s very on the nose. And I’m interested in taking symbols that feel on the nose and making them mysterious or playing with the effect of that imagery. I pull from different things all the time; there’s never just one thing that I’m looking at, it’s more that I’m living, reading, speaking and then the paintings come out. There’s a painting I have at Hayy Jameel called “Boardroom” which has these men sitting at a meeting table and looking at a wall which has one of these petroglyph camels on it. Sometimes, there are references to other paintings — little callbacks. There are a lot of inside jokes. Humor is such a big part of the work. 

‘Smoke Break’  

The titles always come after the paintings, and I often leave things untitled — but this one kind of lends itself to the title because the guy’s having a coffee and smoking a cigarette. This is just a painting about rest, but there’s a lot of energy in the way that I’ve painted it; it’s very gestural and there are lots of these marks and splotches of paint.  

‘Magic Chocolate Ball’  

These girls are very funny. Like I said, humor is a big part of my work and this is a piece where I had fun and it was fun to show people. It’s based on a memory of a dessert that I think is so familiar to people living in the Gulf; you order this chocolate ball and the waiter comes over and pours hot melted chocolate on it and the ball melts and reveals something inside of it. I’ve seen it so many times and it just came to mind as I was painting, super-impulsively. What I’m interested in is how people see themselves, or others, in the imagery — or how they don’t. It’s a satirical approach to what’s happening in society. Satire is super-important, but it’s never just one thing or the other — it’s always a combination of various different tones and positions that I’m taking. Like, this is funny to me and I’m choosing to show it, but obviously there’s an emotional connection happening as I’m painting it. 

‘Untitled (2024)’  

It’s this guy on his phone sitting near a pool. He’s a solitary figure. Then there’s two horses and two palm trees. This took me quite a few months to paint. Sometimes I’ll have an idea and paint it and it doesn’t work out at all. That happens a lot more than you’d think. So, I’ll cover something over, then add something new and then cover that thing and then add something new, just waiting for this moment where the elements carry some kind of poetic logic that I trust will translate to the viewer. It’s always hard to articulate — but very easy to know — when it hits that point. 

‘Guard Dog’ 

I love dogs. I paint them a lot. This one is a German Shepherd, which is a guard dog. It’s based on a sketch — it’s very similar to a lot of other works I made. Sometimes, I get stuck on something and it repeats itself across multiple works and other times it’s a one-off thing. I prefer not to try and control it and just let things direct me. 


Artist Aseel Al-Yaagoub: ‘My goal is to preserve Saudi culture’ 

Updated 13 March 2025
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Artist Aseel Al-Yaagoub: ‘My goal is to preserve Saudi culture’ 

  • The Saudi artist on spreading joy with her distinctive painting style 

JEDDAH: “My work reflects moments from daily life, Saudi and Gulf heritage, and cultural elements in a distinctive and creative way, where I recreate and reimagine traditional symbols and motifs with a contemporary vision, creating a fusion of past and present in an innovative manner,” Saudi artist Aseel Al-Yaagoub tells Arab News. “I see my environment as a rich visual narrative, and I love translating these stories into artworks.” 

Drawing and painting have been an important part of Al-Yaagoub’s life for as long as she can remember. Over time, she has shifted from focusing on realism to taking a more abstract, expressionistic approach.  

She admires Saudi artists including Taghreed Al-Baghshi, Zainab Al-Mahouzi, Marwa Al-Najjar, and Bayan Yassin, who depict heritage in their work. Internationally, she says she has been influenced by Claude Monet’s technique and the way he captures light and movement, as well as Vincent van Gogh’s vibrant colors and bold, expressive strokes. 

"My goal is to preserve and document Saudi culture,” the artist said of her work. (Supplied)

“I constantly seek inspiration by exploring the works of other artists, whether through social media or by visiting art exhibitions,” she says. “I create initial sketches for my ideas and experiment with colors and materials. I don’t like to plan everything in detail, I leave room for spontaneity, allowing unexpected elements to emerge, which gives each artwork a unique, distinctive character. 

“My goal is to preserve and document Saudi culture,” she continues. “I often use mixed-media techniques, layering different materials and colors to create depth and unique textures. Constant experimentation and practice have helped me refine my approach.” 

Her fascination with facial features, particularly noses, plays a significant role in her artistic expression, she says. “The most distinctive feature of my characters is their noses, as that is the first thing that catches my attention in any face I see. I believe noses, in their various shapes, are unique and beautiful, which is why I enjoy highlighting them in my portraits.” 

Al-Yaagoub’s work is deeply personal, often incorporating elements that hold sentimental value. One of her most cherished pieces, “The Family,” portrays her parents and symbolizes warmth and care. “I wanted them to have a personal touch in this piece, my mother stitched part of it, and I incorporated a scrap of fabric from my father’s shemagh. This made the artwork deeply sentimental and emotionally significant.” 

Another of her major projects is “A Night of Joy,” a series of six paintings capturing celebrations in the Eastern Region. “This project is very dear to me as it reflects my childhood memories, which continues to resonate with me to this day,” she says. 

Al-Yaagoub is excited about the transformation happening in Saudi Arabia’s art scene. “There is now more space for experimentation and showcasing new ideas, enhancing artistic diversity and attracting wider audiences to the field,” she says. “Art has become a bridge between the past and the future, ensuring that our cultural identity remains vibrant and ever-evolving.” 

Looking ahead, Al-Yaagoub hopes to expand her reach and participate in international exhibitions. “One of my biggest goals is to host my first solo exhibition soon, where I can showcase my artistic journey and how my style has evolved over time. 

“I want the audience to feel an emotional connection to my work, whether by recalling personal memories or appreciating the beauty of heritage and culture,” she continues. “I aim for my art to have a narrative depth that tells stories about culture and identity. And I strive to spread joy through the vibrant colors I incorporate into all my pieces.” 


Saudi Arabia highlights Arabic initiatives at London Book Fair

Updated 12 March 2025
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Saudi Arabia highlights Arabic initiatives at London Book Fair

  • Academy’s secretary-general, Abdullah Al-Washmi, said that the London Book Fair was a crucial global cultural platform for fostering academic and cultural cooperation
  • Al-Washmi added that the academy’s strategy was to expand the reach of Arabic, provide valuable content for specialists, and solidify the language’s international presence

RIYADH: Initiatives by the King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language are being highlighted at this year’s London Book Fair, being held from March 11-13, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

Under the umbrella of the Saudi pavilion, overseen by the Literature, Publishing and Translation Commission, the academy aims to strengthen the global presence of the Arabic language.

The academy’s secretary-general, Abdullah Al-Washmi, said the London Book Fair was a crucial global cultural platform for fostering academic and cultural cooperation.

He added the academy’s strategy was to expand the reach of Arabic, provide valuable content for specialists, and solidify the language’s international presence.

The academy's exhibit features recent publications and introduces initiatives in language planning, linguistic computing, education and cultural programs, the SPA reported.

It seeks to build partnerships that support the development of the Arabic language and enhance its presence on global academic and cultural platforms.

The Kingdom’s pavilion seeks to strengthen the international presence of Saudi publishers and empower local publishing houses.

Its participation aims to enhance cultural relations and facilitate knowledge exchange between Saudi Arabia and the UK.


Ramadan recipes: Braised lamb shoulder for a decadent treat

Updated 12 March 2025
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Ramadan recipes: Braised lamb shoulder for a decadent treat

DUBAI: Executive chef Joey Brereton of Dubai’s Dish Catering & Events shares his flavorful braised lamb shoulder recipe.

Slow cooked to perfection, this dish balances rich, tender lamb with vibrant herbs, pomegranate, and pine nuts, making it an ideal centerpiece for a hearty meal. 

Lamb marination 

Ingredients: 

 20g garlic 

75ml lemon juice 

200 g shallot 

Extra virgin olive oil 

20g salt 

10g pepper 

80g coriander powder 

40g turmeric powder 

20g garlic powder 

20g all spice powder 

80g paprika powder 

15g ginger 

Blitz garlic, ginger, and shallot with some olive oil to get a paste.

Add to the rest of the ingredients.

Pulled lamb shoulder

Ingredients:

3000 g lamb shoulder 

900 g marination 

500g carrot 

300g celery 

600g onion 

100g garlic 

20g rosemary 

20g thyme 

5g bay leaves 

5g pepper corn 

500g tomato paste

1200g broth 

3000g water

Method:

 1. Marinate the lamb overnight then place into 1/1 deep food pan tray and add all ingredients.

3. Place parchment paper on top and cover the tray with aluminum foil.

4. Bake the lamb at 160°C for around 5 hours.

5. Once the lamb is cooked, remove it from the stock and strain the stock.

6. Reduce the stock and save.

7. Pull the meat apart.

Verde

Ingredients: 

300g coriander leaves 

100g mint leaves 

200g parsley 

30g lemon juice 

30g olive oil 

30g shallot 

30g tomato 

10g pomegranate molasses 

5g salt 

Method: 

1. Wash and chop the vegetables before mixing all ingredients with a silicone spatula.

Final plating:

1. Place hummus in a serving bowl, using the backside of a spoon to create a well.

2. Reheat the lamb jus, and once hot, add cold butter and emulsify the jus.

3. Place the reheated lamb in the center of the hummus and pour the jus over it.

4. Place the verde on top.

5. Sprinkle pomegranate, pine nuts, shallots, and lemon over the dish.