JEDDAH: The state budget released by Saudi Arabia this week is likely to mark the end of an era for lavish welfare systems, encouraging governments around the region to roll back costly handouts to people.
Trying to narrow a huge budget deficit created by low oil prices, Saudi Arabia on Monday announced government spending cuts, reforms to energy subsidies and a drive to raise revenues from taxes and privatization next year.
Gulf governments have tightened their spending plans in the past during periods of slumping oil prices. The Saudi budget included steps that may hit the purchasing power of people — in particular, raising domestic gasoline, kerosene, water and electricity prices.
It was the biggest step a Gulf state has taken so far to change an arrangement in which governments heavily subsidize fuel, water, food and other essentials for their populations in exchange for social peace.
Other Gulf governments are now expected to follow suit as they impose their own austerity programs in response to the prospect of years of shrunken oil and gas revenues.
“The initiatives announced in the Saudi budget will be game-changers in the Gulf,” said Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, a political scientist at Rice University’s Baker Institute in the United States.
“If the reforms can be implemented successfully, that would boost the political courage of governments that hitherto have been hesitant to introduce such sensitive changes.”
In postings on Twitter, ordinary citizens in the Gulf also saw the Saudi budget as signalling challenging times for the region.
Some countries had already launched reforms before Riyadh made its move.
In August, the UAE abandoned a system of fixed gasoline prices in favor of one linked to global oil prices; gasoline has barely risen, but the way is clear for it to do so in future when oil eventually recovers.
Bahrain more than doubled prices of beef and chicken in October as it removed subsidies on them, and this week the Bahraini cabinet approved a new system for diesel and kerosene that would allow prices to rise gradually in coming years.
Bigger changes are on the way.
Governments in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman, which face financial squeezes of varying intensity, have all said they are conducting broad reviews of their subsidy systems, though they have not yet committed to specific reforms.
But governments are likely to move cautiously; Saudi officials stressed this week that they wanted to minimize the impact on the living standards of lower- and middle-income people.
Although the Saudi price of 95 octane gasoline jumped 50 percent, it remained very low by global standards, at SR0.90 ($0.24) per liter.
Water and electricity price hikes were structured to impose most of the burden on big corporate users.
Nevertheless, Riyadh made clear that the price hikes were only the first in a series, saying it would adjust subsidies for water, electricity and petroleum products over five years.
Once governments start cutting subsidies, it may be hard for them to resist the huge savings available from more reforms. The International Monetary Fund estimates Riyadh spent $107 billion on energy subsidies this year — more than its entire budget deficit of $98 billion.
“We think that the Saudi consumer fuel price changes will be the first of many to come over the next few years” around the Gulf, said Mohamed Al-Haj, associate at investment bank EFG Hermes in Dubai.
In the wake of the Saudi budget, Kuwait’s Finance Ministry Undersecretary Khalifa Hamada told the AlQabas newspaper that his ministry would present a proposal to “rationalize” subsidies to an economic committee in the cabinet at the end of this week.
The proposal would save the government 6.2 billion dinars ($20.5 billion) over the next three years, Hamada said, estimating that without reforms, Kuwait would spend 16 billion dinars on subsidies over three years.
Saudi tax policy is also expected to influence the Gulf, because of the close ties between the region’s economies.
In its budget announcement, the Saudi Finance Ministry said it planned to introduce value-added tax in coordination with other countries in the region — a measure that would directly affect the spending power of ordinary consumers, even if it is mitigated by exemptions for items such as food.
Officials have said countries would need to introduce the tax jointly to avoid smuggling and loss of economic competitiveness, but Gulf governments have been discussing the idea inconclusively for years.
Previously, the main impetus for the tax came from the UAE; Saudi Arabia’s decision to endorse it publicly means the project looks likely to go ahead in the next few years.
Saudi tax policy likely to influence Gulf partners
Saudi tax policy likely to influence Gulf partners
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Saudi Arabia to lead region’s initial public offerings in 2025 — EY
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- Firm says overall MENA region expected to witness the listing of 38 companies and 22 funds in 2025
RIYADH: The outlook for initial public offerings in the Middle East and North Africa region remains positive in 2025, with Saudi Arabia leading the market with 27 potential listings, according to an analysis.
In its latest report, professional services network firm EY said the overall MENA region was expected to witness the listing of 38 companies and 22 funds in 2025, across a variety of sectors. Three listings are in the pipeline of the exchanges in the UAE, while Qatar is expected to witness one IPO.
This comes as the Gulf Cooperation Council region has emerged as a hotspot for IPOs in recent years, fueled by robust economic reforms, diversification efforts away from oil dependence, and growing interest from both regional and international investors.
“The region continues to drive positive developments in areas such as governance and ESG to enhance its attractivity to local and international investors alike,” said Gregory Hughes, EY MENA IPO and transaction diligence leader.
According to the analysis, Panda Retail Co. and Riyad Capital from Saudi Arabia, as well as Etihad Airways and Amanat Holdings from the UAE, are the notable companies considering an IPO in 2025.
Outside the GCC region, Egypt has announced five IPOs for 2025, while Algeria has two businesses intending to list.
In December, the Egyptian Cabinet announced plans to accelerate the government offerings program procedures in 2025 to maximize the private sector’s economic role and attract more investments.
The move from the government aligns with the nation’s broader effort to expand the number of publicly traded companies and attract greater investment.
The EY report set out how ESG goals remain “a priority” in the Middle East, and this will have an impact on potential IPOs.
It cited a new law in the UAE, set to come into force in May, requiring companies to report carbon emissions and adopt decarbonization strategies — including renewable energy and carbon offsetting. It sets penalties for noncompliance and encourages research and development. It also promotes carbon trading through a dedicated registry.
“These measures align with the UAE’s 2050 net zero goals and are likely to influence IPO market dynamics, as companies prioritize sustainability to attract investors,” said the report.
The expected listings activity in the Gulf is in line with global forecasts, with the IPO market on track for a “strong performance” in 2025, according to EY.
“This is supported by a cautiously optimistic economic environment, increasingly accommodative monetary policies, heightened liquidity, valuation levels and investor confidence,” the report added.
The firm said that while there were challenges — particularly around fiscal and monetary policies, geopolitical tensions, artificial intelligence and digital transformation — they also “open the door to new opportunities.”
EY called on businesses to focus on adapting their strategies to align with shifting market demands and “leveraging IPOs as a platform to drive growth and innovation.”
MENA IPO activity in 2024
EY revealed that markets in the MENA region witnessed a total of 54 IPOs in 2024, representing a 12.5 percent rise compared to 2023.
These IPOs raised $12.6 billion in proceeds, also marking a 17.6 percent rise compared to the previous year.
The year-on-year increase in proceeds for 2024 was impacted by a number of large-value IPOs such as Talabat Holding plc, OQ Exploration & Production and Lulu Retail Holdings that were listed during the last quarter of the year.
The region continues to drive positive developments in areas such as governance and ESG to enhance its attractivity to local and international investors alike.
Gregory Hughe, EY MENA IPO and transaction diligence leader
“The year 2024 ended on a strong note with 54 IPOs in total, the highest in MENA over the past seven years. The region has been one of the busiest when compared to the global market,” said Brad Watson, EY MENA strategy and transactions leader.
He added: “The momentum is expected to continue into 2025, with companies from various sectors announcing their intention to come to market. In addition, regional exchanges are actively working on initiatives to promote family-owned businesses and small to medium enterprises, aiming to strengthen the capital markets infrastructure and boost future liquidity.”
Earlier this month, a report released by the Kuwait Financial Center revealed that Saudi Arabia led the GCC IPO market in 2024, raising $4.1 billion through 42 listings, the highest number in the region.
According to that analysis, the GCC region saw an increase of 23 percent in IPO proceeds compared to 2023, reaching a total of $13.2 billion across 53 public offerings.
The EY report states that the MENA region witnessed 25 IPOs in the fourth quarter of 2024 raising $7.9 billion — a 32 percent increase in number and a 59.4 percent surge in proceeds compared to the same period in 2023.
Saudi Arabia dominated the region’s IPO activity with 17 of the listings, and the Kingdom also raised $1.2 billion in proceeds during the period.
Five IPOs took place on Saudi Arabia’s main market during the fourth quarter, raising proceeds worth $1.1 billion. The remaining 12 IPOs happened on the Kingdom’s parallel market Nomu, with proceeds valued at $119 million.
Arabian Mills for Food Products Co. and United International Holding Co. marked the highest proceeds in Saudi Arabia at $300 million each.
“The last quarter of 2024 was a bumper quarter for the MENA region with 25 IPOs, making up 46 percent of the total IPO activity in that year. Nomu listings accounted for 50 percent, indicating robust activity in the junior Saudi market,” said Hughes.
According to EY, Talabat Holding plc, which is listed on the Dubai Financial Market, raised the highest proceeds valued at $2 billion, contributing 25.8 percent of the overall number in the fourth quarter.
The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange welcomed two IPOs in the fourth quarter, with proceeds valued at $2 billion.
In the ADX, Lulu Retail Holding raised $1.7 billion, followed by ADNH Catering at $235 million.
The Bahrain bourse witnessed the Al-Abraaj Restaurants Group IPO that raised $23.9 million.
Outside of the GCC region, there were two MENA IPOs in the fourth quarter: Compagnie Marocaine de Goutte a Goutte et de Pompage in Morocco and the United Bank in Egypt.
Saudi Arabia’s startup ecosystem LEAPs once again
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- LEAP 2025 boosts KSA’s role as a regional hub for fintech, e-commerce
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s LEAP 2025 tech conference, held from Feb. 9 to 12, showcased the Kingdom’s growing startup ecosystem, with multiple funding rounds, acquisitions, and expansion plans announced during the event.
The conference, a key platform for innovation and investment, further cemented Saudi Arabia’s role as a regional hub for fintech, e-commerce, logistics, and emerging technologies.
Saudi Arabia-based contech startup BRKZ used the forum to announce the completion of a $17 million series A extension, which includes $8 million raised in March 2023 and $1 million in venture debt.
Investors in the round included Capifly, along with existing backers BECO Capital, Aramco’s Waed, and 9900 Capital, as well as Better Tomorrow Ventures, RZM Investment, and Class 5 Global.
MISY Ventures, Knollwood Investment Advisory, and Fluent Ventures are also among the supporters. Founded in 2023 by Ibrahim Manna, BRKZ is a B2B construction technology platform that connects suppliers and buyers while offering various delivery and payment options. The latest funding brings BRKZ’s total capital raised to $22.5 million.
Tabby doubles valuation to $3.3bn with a $160m round
Saudi Arabia-based fintech Tabby has secured $160 million in a series E funding round at a $3.3 billion valuation.
The round was led by existing investors Blue Pool Capital and Hassana Investment Company, with additional participation from STV and Wellington Management.
Founded in 2019 in the UAE by Hosam Arab, Tabby operates as a buy now, pay later platform, handling $10 billion in annualized transaction volumes.
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The new funds will be used to accelerate the company’s expansion in financial services, including digital spending accounts, payments, cards, and money management tools.
The latest investment also strengthens Tabby’s planned initial public offering. The company had previously raised $200 million in a series D round in October 2023.
Buildnow closes $9.7m to expand SME-focused construction financing
Saudi Arabia-based Buildnow has raised $9.7 million in a funding round led by STV and Arbah Capital, with additional financing coming from a mix of debt and equity.
Founded in 2022 by Hisham Al-Saleh, Rahat Dewan, and Abdulla Sheikh, Buildnow is a build now, pay later platform that supplies construction materials on flexible credit terms while paying small and medium enterprise suppliers upfront in cash.
The new capital will be used to scale its operations in the construction and building sector. In March last year, the company closed a $9.4 million seed round, comprising $6.5 million in equity and $2.9 million in debt financing.
Taager raises $6.75 million to expand social e-commerce in MENA
Social e-commerce platform Taager, which was founded in Egypt and is now headquartered in Saudi Arabia, has secured $6.75 million in a pre-series B round led by Norrsken22.
Launched in 2019 by Abdelrahman Sherief, Ahmed Ismail, Ismail Omar, and Mohammed El-Horishy, Taager helps entrepreneurs start and scale online businesses by offering product sourcing, storage, shipping, and customer payment solutions.
Operating in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE, and Iraq, the company aims to further expand across the Middle East with its new funding.
In 2021, Taager raised $6.4 million in a seed round led by 4DX Ventures, Raed Ventures, and other investors.
RasMal raises $4.8m to enhance digital cap table management
Saudi-based fintech startup RasMal has closed a $4.8 million pre-series A investment round, led by Syndicate Element Holding Group.
Founded in 2019 by Basil Al-Kuraya and Nasser Al-Tamimi, RasMal offers digital solutions for private companies to automate cap table management, fundraising, and equity transfers.
The company also supports investors and private funds in streamlining investment processes. The new funding will be used to introduce new tools and services to further enhance fundraising and equity management for its clients.
Waad Investment secures backing from Oman’s ITHCA Group
Saudi-based Waad Investment has announced an investment from ITHCA Group, an entity created by Oman Investment Authority in 2019.
The deal aims to strengthen telecom, IT, and venture capital collaboration between Saudi and Omani companies, supporting the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and the sultanate’s Vision 2040.
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PIESHIP secures $2.1m seed round for logistics expansion
Logistics startup PIESHIP raised $2.1 million in a seed round led by Nama Ventures, with participation from SEEDRA Ventures and angel investors.
Founded in Saudi Arabia in 2023 by Nasser Al-Harthi, Musaed Al-Amri, and Mohammed Mohsen, PIESHIP provides warehouse management solutions, last-mile delivery services, and logistics technology.
The investment will support the company’s growth in the Saudi market. The startup previously secured an undisclosed pre-seed investment from Nama Ventures and SEEDRA Ventures.
LAHINT raises $1m to expand automated government services
LAHINT, a Saudi-based e-services platform, has raised $1 million in a pre-seed funding round from undisclosed investors.
Founded in 2023 by Ahmed Saber and Mohamed Ibrahim, LAHINT provides automated government services for both individuals and businesses.
The company plans to expand its service offerings and introduce AI-powered eligibility consultations. Last year, LAHINT raised $267,000 in an earlier pre-seed round.
Mush Social acquires Pubbles to expand virtual communities
Social media platform Mush Social has acquired Pubbles, a social media app operating in the Kingdom, to enhance its user base and digital presence.
Founded in Saudi Arabia in 2022 by Abdulhadi Al-Asmi, Mush Social enables users to earn points and own virtual assets through its interactive map feature.
Pubbles, launched in 2020, specializes in virtual communities and interactive technologies. In November 2024, Mush Social secured a $1.2 million pre-seed round led by Nifal Consulting.
Salla acquires Sweply, rebrands it as Salla Ads
Saudi e-commerce Software-as-a-Service provider Salla has acquired Sweply, a digital advertising platform, as part of its strategy to integrate advertising solutions into its ecosystem.
Founded in 2016 by Nawaf Hariri and Salman Butt, Salla enables merchants to set up online stores quickly.
Sweply, launched in 2021 by Ebrahim Saeed and Wael Hassan, specializes in automated digital advertising.
Following the acquisition, Sweply will be rebranded as “Salla Ads.” In March, Salla raised $130 million in a pre-IPO round led by Investcorp, Sanabil Investment, and STV.
Foodics acquires UK-based Solo Venture, invests in three startups
Saudi Arabia-based Foodics has acquired UK-based Solo Venture, a provider of self-ordering kiosks and online ordering solutions, as part of its strategy to enhance its restaurant and payments technology ecosystem.
Founded in 2014 by Ahmad Al-Zaini and Mosab Al-Othmani, Foodics offers a point-of-sale and restaurant management platform for dine-in restaurants, food trucks, and cloud kitchens.
Alongside the acquisition, Foodics has invested in Norma, a Greek AI-powered data analytics firm; Add, an accounting system for small businesses; and Arzaq Plus, a supply chain platform using AI and smart logistics to optimize sourcing and reduce waste.
Foodics also plans to introduce a buy now, pay later feature for restaurant bills, improving cash flow management.
Unipal raises pre-series A funding to expand in Saudi Arabia
Bahrain-born education tech startup Unipal has closed its pre-series A funding round, led by Plus VC with participation from Al Jazira Capital, RZM Investments, Falak Angels, and Doha Tech Angels.
Founded in 2020 by Ali Al-Alawi and Ali Al-Shaer, Unipal provides discounts and special offers to university students via its platform.
The funding will support Unipal’s expansion into Jeddah, Madinah, Dammam, and Khobar and the launch of its new AI-driven app.
T2 acquires majority stake in fintech platform Moola
Saudi tech services provider T2 has acquired a majority stake in Moola, a Saudi expense management platform, to enter the fintech sector.
Founded in 2022 by Waseem Hammoud, Moola provides corporate business cards and financial automation tools. T2 serves over 12,000 clients with software and business intelligence solutions.
Raenest secures $11m series A for African expansion
Raenest, a multi-currency accounts platform for African businesses, has closed an $11 million series A led by QED Investors, with backing from Norrsken22, Ventures Platform, P1 Ventures, and Seedstars.
The funding will help Raenest expand in Nigeria, Kenya, the US, and Egypt, while growing Geegpay, its payment solution for Africa’s gig economy.
MENA startup funding reaches $863m in January
The MENA startup ecosystem raised $863 million in January, across 63 funding rounds, though $768 million came from debt financing. When excluding debt, the investment level was similar to January 2024, according to Wamda’s monthly report.
Saudi Arabia dominated regional funding, securing $839.5 million across 21 deals, with Lendo and Forus debt rounds accounting for $750 million.
The UAE followed with $14.6 million across 15 deals, while Egyptian startups raised $6 million from seven transactions. Other MENA countries collectively raised less than $2.5 million.
The fintech sector led with $776.6 million across 11 deals, largely due to Lendo and Forus’ financings. Property tech attracted $38.7 million, while e-commerce startups secured $30 million across five rounds.
Pakistani and Saudi finance chiefs discuss boosting strategic ties ahead of AlUla conference
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- Muhammad Aurangzeb brings up enhanced bilateral trade, investments and collaboration with his counterpart
- The ministers emphasize the need for continued economic dialogue, increased cooperation through joint initiatives
KARACHI: Saudi Arabia and Pakistan on Saturday discussed unlocking the full potential of their strategic relationship, as the finance chiefs of both countries met ahead of the Emerging Markets Conference in AlUla, Saudi Arabia, according to an official statement.
Pakistan’s Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb arrived in the Kingdom to attend the two-day conference, which begins on Sunday, at the invitation of his Saudi counterpart Mohammed Al-Jadaan.
The annual economic policy forum is organized by the Saudi finance ministry in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) regional office in Riyadh. The event will bring together emerging market finance ministers, central bank governors, policymakers, public and private sector leaders, international institutions and academics.
“The meeting [between the two finance chiefs] underscored a shared commitment to build bridges of economic cooperation and advance mutual prosperity,” Pakistan’s finance ministry said in a statement after Aurangzeb’s interaction with Al-Jadaan.
“The discussions highlighted opportunities for enhancing bilateral trade, investments and financial collaboration, with both ministers expressing their dedication to unlocking the full potential of their countries’ strategic partnership,” it added.
Pakistan is navigating a fragile economic recovery under a $7 billion IMF loan program secured in September 2024, after implementing austerity measures and policy reforms to avert a sovereign default in 2023.
To facilitate Pakistan’s economic recovery, Saudi Arabia signed 34 memorandums of understanding (MoUs) worth $2.8 billion last October to boost private sector investment in key areas, including energy, infrastructure and technology.
During their meeting, the two ministers explored avenues for collaboration in infrastructure, energy, technology and finance, emphasizing the need for continued dialogue and joint initiatives to facilitate investment flows and economic opportunities that could benefit the broader region.
According to an earlier statement by Pakistan’s finance ministry, Aurangzeb is scheduled to participate in a high-level panel discussion titled “The Path to Emergent Markets,” hosted by IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva.
The conference will feature nine sessions, with 200 participants and 36 speakers, focusing on economic resilience, financial policies for emerging markets and global economic challenges.
The discussions come at a time when the world economy is facing persistent shocks, trade tensions between major world powers, geopolitical instability and tight financial conditions.
“The conference will provide a unique platform for world leaders to discuss and analyze domestic, regional and global economic conditions and developments and to exchange ideas on solutions to global challenges,” the Pakistani finance ministry added.
Habib Bank, S&P Global launch Pakistan’s first index to track manufacturing sector
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- The index will be a standardized economic indicator based on a survey of a diverse panel of industries
- It will help track economic developments in Pakistan, support decision making by financial institutions
ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s largest bank, Habib Bank Limited (HBL), and global financial information and analytics firm S&P Global have launched a new index to track the country’s manufacturing sector, the companies said on Friday.
Rising taxes and power tariffs have led to social unrest and hammered industries in Pakistan’s $350 billion economy, as it navigates a tricky path to recovery under a $7 billion International Monetary Fund (IMF) program approved in September.
The HBL S&P Global Purchasing Managers’ Index will be a standardized economic indicator based on a survey of a diverse panel of industries.
It will be Pakistan’s first comprehensive manufacturing index and a welcome source of information for investors in a country where economic data is scarce.
The industries will be asked about their perceptions of current business conditions and future expectations and the index will be released on the first working day of each month, the companies said in a statement.
“The launch of Pakistan’s first ever PMI is a significant event contributing to the accessibility of timely and high-frequency data to track economic developments in Pakistan and support decision making by financial institutions, investors and businesses,” said Luke Thompson, Managing Director of S&P Global Market Intelligence, in a statement.
Muhammad Nassir Salim, President & CEO of HBL said the series will enhance investor confidence and transparency in Pakistan’s economy.
Saudi banks see record profits amid strong credit growth and debt market expansion
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RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s top 10 listed banks recorded all-time high net profits in 2024 of SR79.64 billion ($21.23 billion), reflecting a 13.84 percent annual increase, according to data from the Saudi Exchange.
The robust performance was driven by strong lending growth, declining interest rates, and increased participation in debt markets.
Saudi National Bank, known as SNB AlAhli, led the sector, accounting for 26.6 percent of total banking profits at SR21.19 billion, followed closely by Al Rajhi Bank, which contributed 24.8 percent, reaching SR19.72 billion.
These two banks constituted about 51.4 percent of the sector’s total profits.
Among the banks with the highest annual growth, Arab National Bank topped the list with a 21.98 percent rise in net profits to SR4.97 billion. Bank AlJazira followed with a 20.69 percent increase, reaching SR1.23 billion, despite holding the smallest share of sector profits at 1.5 percent.
Total assets for the top 10 Saudi banks surged to SR4.21 trillion in 2024, marking a 13.6 percent increase year on year. SNB AlAhli held the largest asset base at SR1.1 trillion, followed by Al Rajhi Bank at SR974.39 billion, with both banks collectively accounting for 49 percent of the sector’s total assets.
Al Rajhi Bank recorded the fastest asset growth, expanding by 20.58 percent, followed by Saudi Investment Bank, which grew by 20.53 percent to reach SR156.67 billion.
Saudi Arabia’s banking sector is poised to sustain its profitability in 2025, bolstered by strong credit growth and corporate lending tied to Vision 2030 projects, according to an S&P Global report released in January.
The financial services agency projected that bank lending would expand by 10 percent, driven primarily by corporate loans as the Kingdom continues to invest heavily in large-scale economic initiatives.
The outlook remains positive as stable credit growth, supported by easing interest rates and a favorable economic environment, is expected to maintain banks’ profitability, with return on assets estimated to remain between 2.1 percent and 2.2 percent.
The report further highlighted that banks may increasingly turn to international capital markets to finance Vision 2030-related investments, ensuring a steady flow of liquidity. Meanwhile, mortgage lending is also anticipated to rise, supported by lower borrowing costs and demographic trends fueling demand for residential properties.
Saudi banks have also maintained a dominant presence in the stock market, leading Tadawul’s trading activity in 2024’s fourth quarter with a 17 percent market share, surpassing the materials and energy sectors.
Bank loans and main growth drivers
Saudi banks’ total loans and advances to customers grew by 14.41 percent year on year in 2024, reaching SR2.81 trillion, while deposits rose by 7.87 percent to SR2.68 trillion during the same period.
Al Rajhi Bank led in loan issuance, providing SR693.4 billion, a 16.8 percent increase from the previous year, followed by SNB AlAhli with SR654.25 billion and Riyadh Bank with SR274.4 billion.
With the Saudi riyal pegged to the US dollar, the Kingdom’s central bank, known as SAMA, mirrors Fed rate movements. After interest rates peaked at 6 percent in 2024, they began to decline in September, reducing borrowing costs.
According to SAMA, 11.28 percent of total bank loans — 21 percent of corporate loans— were allocated to real estate, a key enabler of the Kingdom’s infrastructure expansion.
Saudi Investment Bank posted the highest loan growth rate at 23.18 percent, reaching SR99.47 billion, followed by Saudi First Bank with a 20.10 percent increase to SR259.35 billion.
Deposits and funding strategies
Bank deposits for the top 10 Saudi banks reached SR2.68 trillion in 2024, with Al Rajhi Bank holding the highest share at SR628.24 billion, followed by SNB AlAhli at SR579.76 billion.
The strongest deposit growth was seen in Riyadh Bank, which expanded by 20.21 percent to SR306.42 billion, followed by Bank AlJazira with a 15 percent increase to SR108.19 billion.
As lending growth outpaces deposit expansion, Saudi banks have increasingly turned to the debt capital market to fund their credit expansion.
According to Fitch Ratings, Saudi banks have significantly increased their international debt issuance since 2020, aligning with their long-term growth strategies and foreign-currency funding needs.
The GCC banking sector is projected to issue more than $30 billion in US dollar-denominated debt in 2025, following a record $42 billion in 2024, according to Fitch.
This surge is primarily driven by nearly $23 billion in maturing debt, lower US interest rates, and sustained regional credit demand, particularly in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
In 2024, GCC banks represented 18 percent of all emerging-market bank debt issuance in US dollars — a figure that rises to 36 percent when excluding Chinese banks. Strong global investor confidence, supported by stable oil prices projected around $70 per barrel in 2025, has further strengthened regional debt markets.
Short-term certificates of deposit emerged as a key instrument in GCC bank funding strategies, accounting for 21 percent of total debt issuance in 2024.